Falcataria falcata

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Falcataria falcata
Starr 070215-4478 Falcataria moluccana.jpg
Specimen at Waiehu, Maui
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae
Clade: Mimosoid clade
Genus: Falcataria
Species:
F. falcata
Binomial name
Falcataria falcata
Synonyms [1]
  • Adenanthera falcataL.
  • Adenanthera falcatariaL.
  • Albizia eymaeFosberg
  • Albizia falcata(L.) Backer
  • Albizia falcataria(L.) Fosberg
  • Albizia fulvaC.T.White & W.D.Francis ex Lane-Poole
  • Albizia moluccanaMiq.
  • Falcataria moluccana(Miq.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes
  • Paraserianthes falcataria(L.) I.C.Nielsen
  • Paraserianthes falcataria subsp. fulva(C.T.White & W.D.Francis ex Lane-Poole) I.C.Nielsen
  • Paraserianthes falcataria subsp. solomonensisI.C.Nielsen
  • Pithecellobium falcatum(L.) Kosterm.
  • Paraserianthes falcatoria(L.) I.C.Nielsen (Spelling variant) [2]

Falcataria falcata (syns. Albizia falcata, Falcataria moluccana and Paraserianthes falcataria), commonly known as the Moluccan albizia, is a species of fast-growing tree in the family Fabaceae. [3] It is native to the Maluku Islands, New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, and the Solomon Islands. It is cultivated for timber throughout South Asian and Southeast Asian countries. This tree is considered to be invasive in Hawaii, American Samoa and several other island nations in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. [4] [5] It reaches about 30 m (100 ft) tall in nature, and has a massive trunk and an open crown. [4]

Contents

Common names

Falcataria falcata is cultivated throughout the wet tropical and subtropical regions of the world and so has many common names. These include: albizia (Hawaii), Moluccan albizia, sengon (Java), salawaku (Maluku), jeungjing (Indonesia), ai-samtuco (Tetun, Timor-Leste), batai (Malaysia), kerosin tree (Pohnpei), sau, Moluccan sau, falcata (Philippines), and Tamaligi (Samoa).

Description

The tree has become invasive in forests in Hawaii and on other Pacific islands, like New Caledonia. [8] [9]

Uses

Insects found on Falcataria falcata

In Hawaii the caterpillars of the endemic Hawaiian koa looper ( Scotorythra paludicola ) has been found to defoliate Falcataria falcata and complete their development on this invasive tree without the larvae eating the leaves of their native host Acacia koa . [11]

In Borneo the following moth species have been identified as feeding on Falcataria falcata. [12]

In the broader Indomalayan region the following species have also been found feeding on F. falcata:

The industrial tree plantation wood Falcataria falcata was found to be susceptible to the species of drywood termites, Cryptotermes cynocephalus , in trials in the Philippines. [6] This tree species has also been found to be susceptible to the subterranean termite species Coptotermes formosanus in tests conducted in Indonesia [14] and Hawaii. [15] The Formosan subterranean termites consumed 49 ± 4.0 μg/termite/day of F. falcata wood in the Indonesian Standard (SNI) laboratory tests or 66 ± 6.5 μg/termite/day under the Japanese Standard (JIS) tests for termite susceptibility. [14]

Diseases

Falcataria falcata is the primary host of the gall rust fungus Uromycladium falcatarium , [16] and has also been recorded as a host of Uromycladium tepperianum . [17] Both of these gall rust species cause severe damage throughout all stages of the tree's growth.

Two Actinomycetales bacteria Streptomyces asiaticus and S. cangkringensis have been isolated from the rhizosphere soil surrounding F. falcata in Indonesia. [18] [19] [20] Although at least 10 species of Streptomyces are plant pathogens it is unclear if these two species have any negative impacts on the roots or other tissues of this tree.

Related Research Articles

<i>Albizia</i> Genus of flowering plants in the legume family Fabaceae

Albizia is a genus of more than 160 species of mostly fast-growing subtropical and tropical trees and shrubs in the subfamily Mimosoideae of the family Fabaceae. The genus is pantropical, occurring in Asia, Africa, Madagascar, America and Australia, but mostly in the Old World tropics. In some locations, some species are considered weeds.

<i>Aleurites moluccanus</i> Species of tree in the family Euphorbiaceae

Aleurites moluccanus, the candlenut, is a flowering tree in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, also known as candleberry, Indian walnut, kemiri, varnish tree, nuez de la India, buah keras, godou, kukui nut tree, and rata kekuna.

<i>Spathodea</i> Genus of trees

Spathodea is a genus in the plant family Bignoniaceae. The single species it contains, Spathodea campanulata, is commonly known as the African tulip tree. The tree grows between 7–25 m (23–82 ft) tall and is native to tropical dry forests of Africa. It has been nominated as among 100 of the "World's Worst" invaders.

In botany, the correct name according to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) is the one and only botanical name that is to be used for a particular taxon, when that taxon has a particular circumscription, position and rank. Determining whether a name is correct is a complex procedure. The name must be validly published, a process which is defined in no less than 16 Articles of the ICN. It must also be "legitimate", which imposes some further requirements. If there are two or more legitimate names for the same taxon, then the correct name is the one which has priority, i.e. it was published earliest, although names may be conserved if they have been very widely used. Validly published names other than the correct name are called synonyms. Since taxonomists may disagree as to the circumscription, position or rank of a taxon, there can be more than one correct name for a particular plant. These may also be called synonyms.

<i>Metrosideros polymorpha</i> Species of plant

Metrosideros polymorpha, the ʻōhiʻa lehua, is a species of flowering evergreen tree in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae, that is endemic to the six largest islands of Hawaiʻi. It is a member of the diverse Metrosideros genus, which are widespread over the southwest Pacific. It is the state tree of Hawai‘i.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elegant imperial pigeon</span> Species of bird

The elegant imperial pigeon, also known as blue-tailed imperial-pigeon, is a large pigeon, with upperparts mainly dark blue-green in colour with an iridescent sheen. Head, neck and underparts are mostly pale grey, with red-brown undertail coverts.

<i>Paraserianthes</i> Species of legume

Paraserianthes lophantha, the Cape Leeuwin wattle, Bicol wattle, Cape wattle, crested wattle or plume albizia, is a fast-growing tree with creamy-yellow, bottlebrush like flowers. It is the sole species in genus Paraserianthes.

<i>Falcataria</i> Genus of legumes

Falcataria is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It belongs to the monophyletic Mimosoid clade in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. The genus has three species previously classified in the Falcataria section of the genus Paraserianthes by I.C. Neilsen. The distribution of these closely related species within the genus Falcataria links the wet tropics of north-east Australia to New Guinea, the Moluccas, Bismarck Archipelago, and the Solomon Islands east of Wallace's line similar to other plant taxa from the region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kalotermitidae</span> Family of termites

Kalotermitidae is a family of termites, commonly known as drywood termites. Kalotermitidae includes 21 genera and 419 species. The family has a cosmopolitan circumtropical distribution, and is found in functionally arid environments.

<i>Scotorythra paludicola</i> Species of moth

Scotorythra paludicola, the koa looper moth, is a moth of the family Geometridae. It was first described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1879. It is endemic to the Hawaiian islands of Kauai, Oahu, Maui and Hawaii.

<i>Incisitermes minor</i> Species of termite

Incisitermes minor is a species of termite in the family Kalotermitidae known commonly as the western drywood termite. It is native to western North America, including the western United States and northern Mexico. It has been found in many other parts of the United States, all the way to the East Coast. It has been reported from Toronto. It has been introduced to Hawaii. It has been noted in China and it is not uncommon in Japan. This is an economically important pest of wooden structures, including houses. In California and Arizona alone its economic impact is estimated to be about $250 million per year.

<i>Indarbela quadrinotata</i> Species of moth

Indarbela quadrinotata, the bark-eating caterpillar, is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in India and Sri Lanka. It was described by Francis Walker in 1856.

<i>Uromycladium</i> Genus of fungi

Uromycladium is a genus of rust fungi in the family Pileolariaceae. It was circumscribed by mycologist Daniel McAlpine in 1905. The genus was established by McAlpine for rusts on Acacia with teliospores that clustered at the top of a pedicel.

Uromycladium falcatarium is a species of rust fungus in the genus Uromycladium. It was circumscribed by mycologists Doungsa-ard, McTaggart & Shivasin in 2015.

<i>Uromycladium tepperianum</i> Species of fungus

Uromycladium tepperianum is a rust fungus that infects over 100 species of Acacia and related genera including Paraserianthes in Australia, south-east Asia, the south Pacific and New Zealand. The acacia gall rust fungus species Uromycladium tepperianum has been introduced to South Africa as a biological control on the invasive Australian shrub Acacia saligna.

The Indo-Malaysian drywood termite,, is a species of dry wood termite of the genus Cryptotermes. It is found in Philippines, Australia, Papua New Guinea, Hawaii, and introduced to Sri Lanka. It is the smallest termite species in Australia, with 2.5 – 3.7mm in soldiers.

<i>Pteroma plagiophleps</i> Species of moth

Pteroma plagiophleps is a moth of the family Psychidae first described by George Hampson in 1892. It is found in India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia.

<i>Albizia procera</i> Species of tree

Albizia procera, commonly known as white siris or karoi tree, is a species of large tree found natively in southeast Asia and India. It is most commonly found in open forests, but may also be found on the margins of rain forests and in monsoon and gallery forests. It is considered an invasive species in South Africa.

References

  1. "Falcataria falcata (L.) Greuter & R.Rankin". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 25 March 2022.
  2. "Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes — the Plant List".
  3. Common Forest Trees: Albizia falcataria http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/forestry/trees/CommonTreesHI/CFT_Albizia_falcataria.pdf Archived 2015-09-23 at the Wayback Machine
  4. 1 2 "Falcataria moluccana - Moluccan Albizia, Molucca Albizia, Peacocksplume, Batai, Bataiwood, Moluccan Sau - Hawaiian Plants and Tropical Flowers".
  5. "GISD". Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2015-06-10.
  6. 1 2 3 Romano, A.D., & Acda, M.N. 2017. Feeding preference of the drywood termite Cryptotermes cynocephalus (Kalotermitidae) against industrial tree plantation species in the Philippines. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 20: 1161–1164. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2017.08.026
  7. "Albizia falcata". Plants for a Future . 13054888.
  8. Hughes, R.F., Johnson, M.T. & Uowolo, A., 2011. The invasive alien tree Falcataria moluccana: its impacts and management. XIII International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds. Sept. 11–16, 2011 – Waikoloa, Hawaii, USA. http://www.invasive.org/proceedings/pdfs/Hughes.pdf
  9. Hequet, Vanessa (2009). Les espèces exotiques envahissantes de Nouvelle-Calédonie (PDF) (in French). p. 17.
  10. "Falcataria moluccana".
  11. W.P. Haines; K.E. Barton; P. Conant (2013). "Defoliation of the invasive tree Falcataria moluccana on Hawaii Island by the native koa looper moth (Geometridae: Scotorythra paludicola), and evaluation of five Fabaceous trees as larval hostplants" (PDF). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society . 45: 129–139.
  12. Holloway, Jeremy Daniel. "Moths of Borneo".
  13. 1 2 "nhm.ac.uk Caterpillar Host-Plant Database".
  14. 1 2 Arinana, K. Tsunoda; E.N. Herliyana; Y.S. Hadi (2012). "Termite-susceptible species of wood for inclusion as a reference in Indonesian Standardized laboratory testing". Insects. 3 (2): 396–401. doi: 10.3390/insects3020396 . PMC   4553599 . PMID   26466532. DOI 10.3390/insects3020396
  15. J.K. Grace; D.M. Ewart; C.H.M. Tome (1996). "Termite resistance of wood species grown in Hawaii". Forest Products Journal. 46 (10): 57–60.
  16. C. Doungsa-ard; A.R. McTaggart; A.D.W. Geering; T.U. Dalisay; J. Ray; R.G. Shivas (2015). "Uromycladium falcatarium sp. nov., the cause of gall rust on Paraserianthes falcataria in south-east Asia". Australasian Plant Pathology. 44: 25–30. doi:10.1007/s13313-014-0301-z. S2CID   6055244. DOI 10.1007/s13313-014-0301-z
  17. S.M. Widyastuti; Harjono; Z.A. Surya (2013). "Initial infection of Falcataria moluccana leaves and Acacia mangium phyllodes by Uromycladium tepperianum fungi in a laboratory trial". JMHT (Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika – Journal of Tropical Forest Management). 19 (3): 187–193. doi: 10.7226/jtfm.19.3.187 .
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  19. UniProt
  20. Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen