The first family of Colombia is the family of the president of Colombia, who is both head of state and head of government of Colombia. It is an unofficial title for the family of a republic's head of state. Members of the first family consist of the president, the First Lady of Colombia, and any of their children. However, other close relatives of the president and first spouse, such as parents, grandchildren, stepchildren, and in-laws, may be classified as members of the first family for context purposes. The first family of Colombia live in the presidential residence Casa de Nariño in Bogotá, Colombia.
Throughout history, Colombia has had more than 120 heads of state, including presidents, presidential appointees, military leaders, ministers with presidential functions, and politicians who have held the vacant position, throughout more than 200 years of history, since 1810 up to the present.[1][2]
The South American country is one of the few countries in the world that, without being a monarchy, has been governed by people related to each other, either by maternal, paternal or mixed lines.[3] There are also kinships by affinity thanks to multiple marriages between these families, so that power has come to be concentrated in a handful of families. Some considered beurocratic dynasties, others political clans and more commonly known presidential families or first family. The use of the term "first family" to refer to the family of the President of Colombia only came into widespread use in North America during the Kennedy administration in the United States.
a compilation of those relationships, not just between presidents, but also between first ladies and presidents. The order of appearance of the families responds to a strictly alphabetical order.
Álvarez Family
Descendants of Spaniards that served as colonial royal officers during the 16th. Later family of Colonial Lawyers that became creole elite and got to the highest bureaucratic ranks during the 17th and 18th century, its members had exceptional bureaucratic careers and the family created an bureaucratic dynasty (1730s–1810s). Dismantled after the Bourbon Reforms.[4]
presidents
Antonio Nariño y Álvarez (1765–1823) He was president of Colombia between 1813 and 1815, although he had to leave office several times throughout that period. He drafted the Spanish version of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of the French Revolution.
Trinidad Ricaurte Nariño was the niece of Antonio Nariño y Álvarez, and was the mother of José Manuel Marroquín Ricaurte (1827–1908), who was president of Colombia from 1900 to 1904.
External lineː Ricaurte-Lozano de Peralta
Jorge Tadeo Lozano (1781–1816) was president of Colombia in 1811 representing the deposed king of Spain Fernando VII. He was the son of the Marquis of San Jorge, Jorge Miguel Lozano, who was the grandfather of Antonio Ricaurte Lozano, a relative of Trinidad Ricaurte Nariño.
External lineː Olaya-Ricarte
Emeterio Olaya Ricaurte was the maternal great-grandson of the Marquis of San Jorge, Jorge Miguel Lozano, and married Empress Herrera Medina. The couple had Enrique Olaya Herrera (1880–1937), the first liberal president after half a decade of conservative hegemony, holding power from 1930 to 1934 for liberalism.
The Arangos are pioneers in the conquest and colonization of American territories, being one of the oldest families in present-day Colombia. Its members came from the Asturian nobility, and had Italian ancestors. The family currently has an important presence in Antioquia, especially in Medellín. The most influential political branch settled in Bogotá, coming from Cartagena, with the lawyer from Cartagena from an Antioquian family, Carmelo Arango.
Carlos Arango Vélez (1879–1974): Lawyer and politician of the Liberal Party, of which he was a promoter of the most radical wing, close to communism; in fact he was co-founder of the radical leftist movement close to communism called Unirismo with Jorge Eliecer Gaitán. Candidate for the presidency in 1942, losing to Alfonso López Pumarejo.
First lady
María Cristina Arango Vega (de Pastrana) (1928–2017): First Lady between 1970 and 1974 by her marriage to the lawyer Misael Pastrana, and mother of Andrés Pastrana Arango. She was the daughter of Carlos Arango and a descendant of Domingo Caycedo through his mother's line.
Arboleda Family
The Arboledas are originally from the city of Popayán, which had its period of greatest influence between the 17th and 20th centuries. It has its origins in the Arboleya region in Asturias, Spain.
Julio Arboleda Pombo O'Donnell (1817–1862). He ruled between June 10 and July 18, 1861, being overthrown by his relative Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera. Although he should have taken office on April 1, his position was temporarily held by the country's attorney general Bartolomé Calvo Díaz (1815–1889).
First Lady
Mariana Benvenuta Arboleda y Arroyo.
Unionː Arboleda-Pombo
José Rafael Arboleda y Arroyo (1795–1831), married Matilde Josefa Pombo O'Donnell (1799-?)24, who was the daughter of the Spanish-Irish noblewoman María Beatriz Isabel O'Donnell Annethant (1755–1833); and cousin of the Spanish-Irish nobleman Leopoldo O'Donnell (1809–1867). The Arboleda and Pombo O'Donnell couple had President Julio Arboleda.
Enrique Santos Castillo, nephew of Eduardo Santos, married Clemencia Calderón Nieto, niece of Clímaco Calderón Nieto, with whom he had Juan Manuel Santos Calderón.
Climaco Calderón Reyes (1852–1913). As attorney general, he held office temporarily from December 21 to 22, 1882, with the sudden death of the incumbent Francisco Javier Zaldúa.
Guillermo Quintero Calderon (1832–1919). Hero of the civil war of 1884, he was nicknamed the Hero of the Smoke. He exercised the presidency as designated in 1895, replacing the incumbent Miguel Antonio Caro.
Unionː Calderón-Pérez
Clímaco Calderón married Amelia Pérez Triana, daughter of the liberal politician and former president of Colombia, Santiago Pérez Manosalva.
Laureano Gómez (1889–1965). He was elected president in 1949 for the Conservative Party. He was in charge until 1951, when he had to resign due to health problems. When he wanted to resume he was victim of a coup plotted within his party. He was the father of Álvaro and grandfather of Enrique Gómez.
Presidential candidates
Álvaro Gómez Hurtado (1919–1995). He ran 3 times as a presidential candidate. The first in 1974 and the second in 1986, by the Conservative Party. In 1990 he presented his candidacy for the National Salvation Movement (MSN). He failed to win in any of the elections but always came in second.
Enrique Gomez Martinez. Presidential candidate for the 2022 elections by MSN.
The Holguín have their center of power in the city of Cali, department of Valle del Cauca. It has its origins in Spain, and the most distant ancestor of the Holguín in Colombia was Nicolás Martín Holguín, comrade-in-arms of Sebastián de Belarcázar, founder from the city of Popayan.
presidents
Carlos Holguin Mallarino (1832–1894). He was elected president for the conservatism for the period 1888–1892. He was the older brother of Jorge Holguín.
Jorge Marcelo Holguin Mallarino (1848–1928). He was appointed president to complete the term of Rafael Reyes in 1909 after his resignation, but was removed by Congress in August. He was then appointed to complete the term of Marco Fidel Suárez, who also resigned, this time in 1921.
Presidential candidate
The mathematician and former mayor of Medellín, Sergio Fajardo, is a presidential candidate for the Compromiso Ciudadano party for the 2022 elections. He is partner of the diplomat María Ángela Holguín Cuellar, great-granddaughter of Jorge Holguín, and his wife Cecilia Arboleda, a her turn daughter of Julio Arboleda.
First Lady
Carolina Ortiz Holguín spouse of Floilán Largacha.
Unionː Holguín-Caro
Carlos Holguín Mallarino married Margarita Caro Tobar, daughter of the co-founder of the conservatism José Eusbio Caro, and sister of Miguel Antonio Caro Tobar (1843–1909), who held the presidency from 1894 to 1898. Caro created the 1886 constitution together with Rafael Nunez Moledo.
Unionː Holguín-Mallarino
Manuel María Ramón Mallarino Ibargüen (1808–1872), was the first president for the Conservative Party, occupying the position between 1855 and 1857. His sister María Josefa Mallarino Ibargüen married Vicente Holguín Sánchez, from whom Carlos and Jorge Holguín descend Mallarino.
Hurtado Family
presidents
Ezequiel Hurtado Hurtado (1825–1890). He held the presidency from April 1 to August 10, 1884, replacing Rafael Núñez, who was out of Bogotá.
Eliseo Payan Hurtado (1825–1895). As Núñez's vice president, he held office from January 7 to June 4, 1887. His mother was related to Ezequiel Hurtado.
Clara López (born 1950). Gustavo Petro's vice-presidential formula for the Alternative Democratic Pole in 2010, being defeated by Juan Manuel Santos. She is the great-niece of Alfonso López Pumarejo because she is the daughter of Álvaro López Holguín, her nephew.
Union Lopez-Holguin
The daughter of former President Jorge Holguín and Cecilia Arboleda, Cecilia Holguín, married Eduardo López Pumarejo, brother of former President Alfonso López Pumarejo. Cecilia and Eduardo's son was Álvaro López Holguín, father of Clara López.
Unionː López-Michelsen
The first lady from 1934 to 1938 and 1942–1945, María Michelsen Lombana (1890–1949), was the niece of the presidential candidate for liberalism in 1918, José María Lombana (1854–1928). María was the mother of Alfonso López Michelsen.
Francisco Javier Zaldúa de Martínez (1811–1882): Colombian lawyer and politician. President of Colombia in 1882, dying in office, as a unique case in history; Due to his advanced age, it is believed that he was controlled by Rafael Núñez. Maternal cousin of Pedro Alcántara Herrán.
Mosquera Family
The Mosqueras are originally from the city of Popayán, whose members had enormous relevance in the political and social life of Colombia during the 19th century, with origins in Badajoz, Spain. The family was one of the richest in Colombia at the beginning of its history, since it owned the gold deposits in Cauca, and they were the most important slaveholders in the country along with the Arboledas, a family they married. several of its members.[5]
José María Mosquera y Figueroa (1752–1829), brother of Spanish nobleman Joaquín de Mosquera-Figueroa; He married María Manuela Arboleda y Arrachea (1753–1824) 26, who was the sister of the hero of Independence Antonio Arboleda y Arrachea (1770–1825). The Mosquera and Arboleda couple had presidents Joaquín and Tomás Cipriano.
External lineː Concha-Cárdenas
José Vicente Concha Ferreria (1867–1929), who was conservative president between 1914 and 1918 and was in charge of leading the country during the First World War, remarried Elvira Cárdenas Mosquera, granddaughter of Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera along the line of the Mosquera's lover, Paula Rosalía Luque.
External lineː Olaya-Cárdenas
María Olaya Londoño, daughter of Enrique Olaya and María Teresa Londoño, married Jorge Cárdenas Núñez, descendant of Tomás Cípriano de Mosquera through the line of Paula Luque.
Largacha Family
The Largacha are of Basque origin; his last name in Basque is Largatxa.29 The Colombian branch has the city of Popayán as its center of power, and they had some influence in Colombia in the mid-nineteenth century, through the Colombian Liberal Party, in the hands of the Mosquera family, and then on his own through marriages with other renowned families.
presidents
Froilán Largacha Hurtado (1823–1892). Member of a triumvirate appointed by Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera in 1863. Largacha was a defender of Mosquera, who adopted him as his pupil, to continue his political work.
Julian Trujillo Largacha (1828–1883). He held the presidency from April 1, 1878, to April 1, 1880. He was Froilán's maternal nephew, from whom he distanced himself due to his closeness to the moderate liberal Rafael Núñez, who promoted his presidential campaign, after 3 failed attempts previous years.
presidential designee
Diego Euclides de Angulo Lemos (1841–1917). He was appointed president in 1908 when incumbent Rafael Reyes took leave of office on military business. He was the son of Antonia Lemos Largacha, a relative of Froilán Largacha.
Unionː Largacha-Gómezː
Carlos Largacha Ortiz, son of Froilán Largacha, married María Luisa Manrique Gómez, great-granddaughter of the Spanish politician Francisco González Manrique, who in turn was the grandfather of the polymath Jorge Tadeo Lozano (1871–1816), president of Colombia in 1811, during the emancipation of the territory from Spanish hands.
Lleras Family
The Lleras are currently considered one of the most influential and powerful families in Colombia, being part of the group known as 'The Five Families of Colombia.' Its members descend from Catalan individuals, mainly from Barcelona and Girona, who settled in the country in the 18th century.30
The family's center of power is the Colombian capital.
presidents
Alberto Lleras Camargo (1906–1990). Grandson of Professor Lorenzo María Lleras, close to Simón Bolívar. He was elected president after the resignation of Alfonso López Pumarejo, to complete the period from 1945 to 1946. Later he was elected president from 1958 to 1962 during the National Front. He married the Chilean Bertha Puga, daughter of the Chilean soldier Arturo Puga, who became president of his country in 1936 during a governance crisis.
Carlos Alberto Lleras Restrepo (1908–1994). He was elected president by liberalism for the third period of the National Front. He was a second cousin of Alberto Lleras, since Carlos's father was Alberto's cousin.
Vice president
German Vargas Lleras (born 1962). He was Vice President of Colombia for Juan Manuel Santos between 2014 and 2017, when he resigned for his 2018 presidential aspiration. He was the son of Germán Vargas Espinosa and his wife Clemencia Lleras de la Fuente, one of the daughters of Carlos Lleras with his wife, the Spanish Cecilia de la Fuente.
presidential candidate
Carlos Lleras de la Fuente (born 1937) He was a presidential candidate for the MSN in the 1994 elections, although his candidacy never really took off, since he never really wanted to compete. He is the eldest son of Carlos Lleras and Cecilia de la Fuente.
Unionː Pérez-Lleras
The writer Felipe Pérez Manosalva was married to Susana Lleras Triana, daughter of the influential educator and writer, Lorenzo María Lleras, and paternal aunt of Alberto Lleras Camargo. Felipe was the brother of the liberal politician Santiago Pérez Manosalva (1830–1900), president of Colombia between 1874 and 1876.
Lozano de Peralta family
Aristocratic family of Spanish origins, traditional post colonial family of lawyers with important networks. Family of noble ancestry mark of superior status that held the titles of Marquis of San Jorge and honorary title Viscount of Pastrana. Traced back centuries to Spanish rule for having occupied high-ranking colonial positions. Members of the Church hierarchy and colonial state bureaucracy.[6]
The Ospinas, another of the great families of the Colombian aristocracy, have their origins in the Basque Country. Their most important sphere of influence was until the middle of the 20th century. Its members include important and wealthy Colombian coffee businessmen, a product that gave them wealth in the second half of the 19th century, and from which they benefited in the so-called Coffee Bonanza of the 1920s.[8]
They are frequently accused by the extreme left as the quintessential oligarchs of the Conservative Party, since several of its notable members were active militants, including the party's founder himself, Mariano Ospina I. Their center of power was Medellín and they currently share it with Bogota.
presidents
Mariano Ospina Rodriguez (Mariano Ospina I) (1805–1885). He was the co-founder of the Conservative Party together with the poet José Eusebio Caro. He was the second Colombian president of that party, from 1858 to 1861. He was overthrown in 1861 by the liberal insurrection of Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera.
Pedro Nel Ospina Vásquez (1858–1927) Son of Mariano Ospina Rodríguez with his third wife, the wealthy heiress Enriqueta Vásquez Jaramillo. A prominent businessman and military man, he was president of Colombia between 1922 and 1926, a period that coincided with the coffee boom and the compensation for the loss of Panama.
Luis Mariano Ospina Perez (Mariano Ospina II) (1891–1976). Son of the wise Tulio Ospina Vásquez and his wife Ana Rosa Clara Pérez Puerta; nephew of Pedro Nel Ospina and grandson of Mariano Ospina Pérez. A prominent coffee businessman, he held the presidency between 1946 and 1950, a period during which the Bogotazo was presented.
Unionː Pastrana-Nicholls
Santiago Pastrana Puyana, eldest son of Andrés Pastrana Arango, married Sabrina Nicholls-Ospina, daughter of diplomat Ángela Mercedes Ospina, who in turn is the great-great-granddaughter of former President Mariano Ospina Rodríguez; She is the great-grandniece of former President Pedro Nel Ospina and granddaughter of former President Mariano Ospina Pérez.
Pastrana Family
The Pastranas, a family with significant influence today in Colombia, come from the Pastrana region, in Guadalajara, Spain. There are stories that link them to the Creole nobility of the 18th century, through the Duchy of Pastrana.34
The family is powerful in Bogotá, but its center of power historically is the current department of Huila, the city of Neiva and the municipality of Gigante.[9]
presidents
Misael Pastrana Borrero (1923–1997). He held the presidency in the name of conservatism between 1970 and 1974, being the last president of the National Front.
Andrés Pastrana Arango (born 1954) He was elected president in 1998 after the scandalous government of Ernesto Samper, whom he accused of illegally financing his 1994 presidential campaign. He is the son of Misael Pastrana.
Restrepo Family
The Restrepos, a respectable family among the people of Antioquia, are of Asturian origin.353637 Powerful family clan from the mid-17th century and the following centuries, and for several decades of the 20th century whose center of power are the cities of Medellín, Rionegro and various towns in the department of Antioquia.
President
Carlos Eugenio Restrepo Restrepo (1867–1937): Lawyer and successful businessman, he was a conservative with moderate and progressive ideas; he came to the presidency through the Unión Republicana coalition party.
Federico Lleras Acosta (1877–1938), renowned scientist, married Amalia Restrepo Briceño, who was related by the bloodline of historian and writer José Félix de Restrepo to Pedro Antonio Restrepo Escobar, father of Carlos E. Restrepo. The Lleras Restrepo couple had Carlos Lleras Restrepo.
Unionː Camacho-Restrepo
Salvador Camacho Roldán (1827–1900), who was president for liberalism between 1868 and 1869, married María del Carmen Tamayo Restrepo, maternal niece of José Félix de Restrepo.
Rojas Family
President
Gustavo Rojas Pinilla (1900–1975). He served as the de facto presidency from 1953 to 1957, when he led a coup against incumbent Laureano Gómez and took office on behalf of the progressive conservatives. He resigned after a social crisis. In 1966 he founded the ANAPO party, which almost brought him to the presidency for the second time in 1970.
Rafael Reyes Prieto (1849–1921). Prominent businessman and military. He was Conservative president from August 7, 1904, to June 9, 1909, when he was forced to resign.
presidential designee
Climaco Calderon Reyes. He was the second nephew of Rafael Reyes through the line of his mother Clotilde Reyes, Rafael's half-sister.
Samper Family
The Sampers are currently one of the most prestigious and powerful families in Colombia. They controlled the media such as Semana and Alternativa magazines, they founded institutions, schools, companies and think tanks, and they have shares in soccer teams such as Independiente Santafe, and they are renowned members of the Colombian Liberal Party.39 Among their members, journalists stand out, businessmen, liberal politicians, artists, etc.
The family comes from imperial France in the 11th century, whose members settled in Navarre and Aragon, from where they later embarked for America.
President
Ernesto Samper Pizano (born 1950). He was elected president for the Liberal Party for the period 1994–1998. He is the great-great-grandson of Miguel Samper.
Los Santos are originally from the department of Santander, but based in Bogotá, which has significantly influenced the country's politics and journalism since the early 20th century. Among its members stands out the heroine of the independence of Colombia, Antonia Santos Plata.
presidents
Eduardo Santos Montejo (1974) He married Lorenza Villegas Restrepo, sister of the journalist Alfonso Villegas Restrepo, founder of El Tiempo, a newspaper that Santos came to own since 1913. He was president of Colombia between 1938 and 1942 and he was responsible for leading the country during the Second World War. He died without leaving any descendants, since his only daughter died shortly after birth.
Juan Manuel Santos (born 1951) He was president of Colombia from 2010 to 2018 and made the peace agreements with the FARC-EP that earned him the 2016 Nobel Peace Prize. Son of journalist Enrique Santos Castillo and his wife, Clemencia Calderón Nieto, and great-nephew of Eduardo Santos through the line of his brother, Enrique Santos Montejo.42
Vice president
Francisco Santos Calderón (born 1961). Vice President of Álvaro Uribe from 2002 to 2010. He is the son of the journalist Hernando Santos Castillo and his wife Elena Calderón Nieta, and cousin of president Juan Manuel Santos.
Uniónː Ricaurte-Camachoː Juan Manuel Santos's maternal great-great-grandmother, Francisca Ricaurte Camacho, from whom the Calderón Nietos descend, was the great-niece of José Joaquín Camacho (1766–1816), president of Colombia between 1814 and 1815.42
Mariana Ortega Sanz de Santamaría spouse of Crisanto Valenzuela president of the United Provinces of New Granada, as a member of the Triumvirate of the United Provinces.[10]
Urdaneta family
The Urdanetas are originally from Guipúzcoa, Spain.
Roberto Urdaneta Arbelaez. (1890–1972). Son of the soldier Roberto Urdaneta Gómez and his wife Mercedes Arbeláez. He was designated presidential of Laureano Gómez, after his retirement due to his poor health. However, he ended up holding the position for almost two years. He was deposed by Gustavo Rojas Pinilla the same day that Gómez wanted to resume power. He was the great-great-grandson of the Uruguayan soldier Francisco Urdaneta, Rafael's cousin.
The Valencias have their business center and political and family activity in the city of Popayán in Cauca. The origins go back to the Italian nobility, passing through the Castilian kings Alfonso X el Sabio, his son, the infante Juan de Castilla, and his great-great-grandson Alfonso de Valencia, from whom the Colombian branch and surname come.43
President
Guillermo León Valencia Muñoz (1909–1971), son of the poet Guillermo Valencia Castillo and his wife Josefina Muñoz. He governed between August 7, 1962, and August 7, 1966, for the Conservative Party, during the National Front.
Presidential candidates
Guillermo Valencia Castillo (1873–1943), was a presidential candidate in 1918 for the Republican Union44 and in 1930 for a rebel sector of the Conservative Party4546. He did not win in either of the two elections.
Paloma Valencia Laserna (born 1978), was a presidential candidate in 2021 for the internal consultation of the Centro Democrático party474849. The candidacy was won by Óscar Iván Zuluaga. She is the granddaughter of Guillermo León Valencia as the daughter of Ignacio Valencia López; and Mario Laserna Pinzón, as the daughter of Dorotea Laserna.
Luis de Ayala y Vergara (1812) held the presidency of Colombia, and exercised the executive power as State Councilor in 1812 due to the absence of President Antonio Nariño.
Tomás Cipriano Ignacio Maria de Mosquera y Figueroa Arboleda Salazar, Prieto de Tovar, Vergara, Silva, Hurtado de Mendoza, Urrutia y Guzmán was a Colombian general, political figure. He was president of Colombia four times. The first time was as president of Republic of New Granada from 1845 to 1849. During the Colombian Civil War of 1860–1862 he led liberal forces in a civil war against conservative factions. After the liberals won, a new, federalist constitution was implemented, which established a two-year presidency, and the nation renamed the United States of Colombia. Mosquera served twice as president of the new government. From 1861 to 1862 he served in a non-elected, interim manner, while the constitution was written. From 1862 to 1864 he served in an elected manner. He had a fourth term from 1866 to 1867. Due to the liberal reforms carried out under his leadership, he is considered one of the most important persons in Colombian history of the 19th century.
The Colombian Conservative Party is a conservative political party in Colombia. The party was formally established in 1849 by Mariano Ospina Rodríguez and José Eusebio Caro.
Gustavo Rojas Pinilla was a Colombian army general, civil engineer and politician who ruled as 19th President of Colombia in a military dictatorship from June 1953 to May 1957.
Colombian Conservatism is a system of conservative political beliefs in Colombia that is characterized by protectionism, support of Catholic values, social stability and anti-totalitarianism. Its history began with the creation of two conservative political parties in Colombia. One characteristic of the Colombian Conservatism, in contrast to many other geographic subsets of conservatism, is its strong emphasis on protectionism, which is considered by many Colombian conservatives to be necessary to create a fair market.
Manuel María Mallarino Ibargüen was the 8th Vice President of New Granada, and as such served as Acting President from 1855 to 1857.
Colombian literature, as an expression of the culture of Colombia, is heterogeneous due to the coexistence of Spanish, African and Native American heritages in an extremely diverse geography. Five distinct historical and cultural traditions can be identified, with their own socioeconomic history: the Caribbean coast, Greater Antioquia, the Cundinamarca-Boyacá Highlands, Greater Tolima and the Western Valley. Colombia produced one of the richest literatures of Latin America, as much for its abundance as for its variety and innovation during the 19th and 20th centuries. Colombian intellectuals who forged the literature of this period also contributed decisively to the consolidation of Latin American literature.
Germán Vargas Lleras is a Colombian politician who recently served as Vice President of Colombia under President Juan Manuel Santos Calderón. A member of the Radical Change political party, he served four consecutive terms in the Senate, having been elected in 1994. German Vargas also served in the Cabinet as the Minister of Interior and then as the Minister of Housing, City and Territory. He was elected Vice President of Colombia in 2014, running alongside Juan Manuel Santos who was seeking re-election for a second term as President. On 15 March 2017, Vargas Lleras resigned as Vice President in order to be eligible to run for President in the 2018 presidential elections. He finished in fourth place.
Mauricio Cárdenas Santamaría is a Colombian economist and politician who served as the 69th Minister of Finance and Public Credit and former Minister of Mines and Energy of Colombia in the administration of President Juan Manuel Santos Calderón. Prior to this, he was a Senior Fellow and Director of the Latin America Initiative at the Brookings Institution.
María Ángela Holguín Cuéllar is a Colombian politician and diplomat who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Colombia from 2010 to 2018. She has also served as the 25th Permanent Representative of Colombia to the United Nations, and as Ambassador of Colombia to Venezuela.
Juan José Nieto Gil was a Colombian politician, Army general and writer. A Liberal party caudillo of Cartagena, he served interimly as Governor of the Province of Cartagena, and was later elected President of the Sovereign State of Bolívar from 1859 to 1864. In 1861, during the Colombian Civil War, he fought on the side of the Liberal rebels against the Administration of President Mariano Ospina Rodríguez, and acting in rebellion proclaimed himself President of the Granadine Confederation in his right as the Presidential Designate, relinquishing power four months later to the Liberal leader, General Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera y Arboleda, who led a successful coup d'état against the Conservative Government in Bogotá.
The first lady of Colombia is the title held by the hostess of the Casa de Nariño, usually the wife of the president of Colombia, concurrent with the president's term in office. Although the first lady's role has never been codified or officially defined, she figures prominently in the political and social life of Colombia.
The Arboleda family is Colombian political and aristrocratic family originally from the city of Popayán, which had its period of greatest influence between the 17th and 20th centuries in the South American country and whose origins date back to the Arboleya region in Asturias, Spain.
Luis de Ayala y Vergara was a criollo lawyer, politician from the capital of the Viceroyalty of the New Granada. During the South American independence he held the presidency of Colombia, and exercised the executive power as State Councilor in 1812 due to the absence of President Antonio Nariño. Ayala y Vergara is considered one of the first heads of state of the young Colombia.
José de Ayala y Vergara was a neogranadine Martyr of the independence, lawyer, lieutenant colonel and commander of different patriot insurgent battalions who fought against the Spanish rule in The viceroyalty of New Granada. In 1812 Ayala y Vergara signed the act of Sogamoso; Obeying the government of Tunja disavowing the Government of Cundinamarca. four years later he was killed by order of Pablo Morillo while the country's first civil war was being fought.
Felipe de Vergara Azcarate y Caycedo (1745-1818) was a Colombian lawyer, professor, rector, Senator and Congressional Representative who held the presidency of Colombia from November 26, 1812, to December 14, 1812, also Lieutenant Governor of Cartagena de Indias and Prosecutor of the same, Royal Accountant of the treasury of Panamá, served as Secretary of State, War and Foreign Relations. He was principal member of the Government Junta appointed by General Antonio Nariño to govern Cundinamarca in his absence. Felipe was considered one of the best patriots who have distinguished themselves in all their vows and personal services.
José Gregorio Ignacio Gutiérrez Vergara Azcárate was a Colombian politician and journalist, who served as Designated President of Colombia in 1861, during the War of Sovereignties. He was also Secretary (Minister) of Finance and President (Governor) of the Sovereign State of Cundinamarca.
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