Use | Civil and state flag |
---|---|
Proportion | 2:3 |
Adopted | March 15, 1925 |
Design | The red and gold (yellow) of old Spain. The ancient Zia sun symbol in red on a field of yellow. |
Designed by | Reba Mera [1] [2] |
The official flag of New Mexico, a subnational polity of the United States, consists of a red sun symbol of the Zia people on a field of gold (yellow). It was officially adopted in 1925 to highlight the state's Native American and Hispano heritage: It combines a symbol of the Puebloan people, who have ancient roots in the state, with the colors of the flag of Spain, which established and ruled Nuevo México for over two and a half centuries.
The New Mexico flag is among the most unique and iconic in the U.S., [3] and has been noted for its simple and aesthetic design. [4] It is one of four U.S. state flags without the color blue (along with Alabama, California, and Maryland) and the only one among the four without the color white. [5] [note 1] Along with Oklahoma, New Mexico is the only state that depicts Native American iconography in its flag. [note 2]
The proportions of the symbol are fixed by New Mexico law: the four groups of rays are set at right angles, with the two inner rays one-fifth longer than the outer rays, and the diameter of the circle in the center is one-third the width of the symbol. [6]
During its first thirteen years as a state, New Mexico did not have an official flag. The San Diego World's Fair of 1915, which occurred three years after New Mexico's admission to the union, featured an exhibit hall where all U.S. state flags were displayed; lacking an official flag, New Mexico displayed an unofficial one designed by Ralph Emerson Twitchell, the mayor of the state capital, Santa Fe. [7] [8] Known as the "Twitchell flag", it consisted of a blue field with the U.S. flag in the upper left corner, the words "New Mexico" in silver lettering in the center of the flag, the number "47" in the upper right corner (in reference to New Mexico being the 47th state), and the state seal in the bottom right corner (which in some historical references is wrapped with the words "The Sunshine State"). [9] As of 2005, the only known Twitchell flag in existence was displayed at the Palace of the Governors in Santa Fe. [7]
In 1920, the New Mexico chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) called for the creation of an official flag that would reflect the state's unique heritage and culture. [6] A statewide contest was held in 1923 to solicit new designs. [8] Eventually, a design made by Dr. Harry Mera of Santa Fe and sewn by his wife Reba Mera was selected. In 1925, Governor Arthur T. Hannett signed legislation proclaiming the Mera design the official state flag, which remains in use and unchanged to this day. [10] [2]
Dr. Mera was a physician and archaeologist who was familiar with the Zia sun symbol, initially found at Zia Pueblo on a 19th century pottery jar (which was later revealed to have been taken from a tribal secret society by James and Matilda Stevenson in the 1890s, likely without permission). The symbol has sacred meaning to the Zia people. Four is a sacred number symbolizing the Circle of Life: the four directions, the four times of day, the four stages of life, and the four seasons; the circle binds these four elements of four together.
The symbol was used without the permission of the Zia people, [11] [12] and they have fought to prevent it from being used without their permission, including via attempting to copyright it, during and after its adoption as a symbol of the state, and due to concerns over desecration of the symbol. [13] A 2012 joint memorial by the state and the Zia people later acknowledged the state had appropriated the image without permission. [14] Due to its longstanding use, the symbol is now unlikely to be eligible for copyright, falling into the public domain, which remains a point of contention between the state and the Zia people, as the tribe was unaware of the specifics of such laws at the time the symbol was co-opted, and had only been considered U.S. citizens since the 1924 Indian Citizenship Act.
The salutation, "I salute the flag of the State of New Mexico and the Zia symbol of perfect friendship among united cultures", [1] is commonly recited in New Mexico public schools after the United States pledge of allegiance.
The New Mexico flag was rated first in a 2001 survey of 72 U.S. and Canadian flags by the North American Vexillological Association. [3] [15]
The flag is officially defined in law as:
That a flag be and the same is hereby adopted to be used on all occasions when the state is officially and publicly represented, with the privilege of use by all citizens upon such occasions as they may deem fitting and appropriate. Said flag shall be the ancient Zia sun symbol of red in the center of a field of yellow. The colors shall be the red and yellow of old Spain. The proportion of the flag shall be a width of two-thirds its length. The sun symbol shall be one-third of the length of the flag. Said symbol shall have four groups of rays set at right angles; each group shall consist of four rays, the two inner rays of the group shall be one-fifth longer than the outer rays of the group. The diameter of the circle in the center of the symbol shall be one-third of the width of the symbol. Said flag shall conform in color and design described herein.
The flag is worn on uniforms by sailors aboard the submarine USS New Mexico (SSN-779). [17]
The pledge to the state flag is available in English and Spanish:
I salute the flag of the state of New Mexico, the Zia symbol of perfect friendship among united cultures.
Saludo la bandera del estado de Nuevo México, el símbolo zia de amistad perfecta, entre culturas unidas.
— New Mexico Statutes and Court Rules, Section 12-3-7 [19]
The state flag of Alaska displays eight gold stars, forming the Big Dipper and Polaris, on a dark blue field. The Big Dipper is an asterism in the constellation Ursa Major, which symbolizes a bear, indigenous to Alaska. As depicted on the flag, its stars can be used as a guide by the novice to locate Polaris and determine true north.
The flag of South Africa was designed in March 1994 and adopted on 27 April 1994, during South Africa's 1994 general election, to replace the previous flag used from 1928–1994.
The flag of the state of North Carolina, often referred to as the North Carolina flag, N.C. flag, or North Star, is the state flag of the U.S. state of North Carolina.
The Bear Flag is the official flag of the U.S. state of California. The precursor of the flag was first flown during the 1846 Bear Flag Revolt and was also known as the Bear Flag. A predecessor, called the Lone Star Flag, was used in an 1836 independence movement; the red star element from that flag appears in the Bear Flag of today.
The flags of the U.S. states, territories, and the District of Columbia exhibit a variety of regional influences and local histories, as well as different styles and design principles. Modern U.S. state flags date from the turn of the 20th century, when states considered distinctive symbols for the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois. Most U.S. state flags were designed and adopted between 1893 and World War I.
The Ohio Burgee is the official flag of the U.S. state of Ohio. It is a triangular swallowtail flag. Its red, white, and blue elements symbolize the state's natural features and order of admission into the Union. A prominent disc in the flag's triangular canton is suggestive of the state's name. The flag was adopted in 1902.
A solar symbol is a symbol representing the Sun. Common solar symbols include circles, crosses, and spirals. In religious iconography, personifications of the Sun or solar attributes are often indicated by means of a halo or a radiate crown.
The current flag of Indiana was designed by Paul Hadley and officially adopted by the State of Indiana in May 1917.
The flag of Oklahoma, also known as the Oklahoma flag, is a rectangular field of sky blue on which is placed an Osage war shield with six crosses and seven pendant eagle feathers above the word 'Oklahoma' in white. Superimposed onto the crosses of the war shield is a calumet and an olive branch.
The current flag of South Dakota was adopted in 1992 to represent the U.S. state of South Dakota. It consists of a field of sky blue charged with a version of the state seal in the center, surrounded by gold triangles representing the sun's rays, surrounded in turn by inscriptions in gold sans-serif capitals of "south dakota" on top and "the mount rushmore state" on the bottom. The sun represents the common weather in South Dakota.
The flag of Tennessee displays an emblem on a field of red, with a strip of blue bordered by white on the fly. The emblem in the middle consists of three stars on a blue circle also with a white border. The central emblem portion of the flag has been adopted as the state's unofficial logo, and appears in the logos of some Tennessee-based companies and sports teams. Examples include the First Horizon Bank and the Tennessee Titans.
The Blue Sky with a White Sun is the national emblem of the Republic of China (Taiwan).
The New Mexico State Capitol is the seat of government of the U.S. state of New Mexico, located in its capital city of Santa Fe. It houses both chambers of the New Mexico Legislature and the offices of the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, and Secretary of State. The building is one of only eleven state capitols without a dome, and the only circular state capitol in the United States, for which it is commonly known as "the Roundhouse".
The Zia or Tsʾíiyʾamʾé are an indigenous nation centered at Zia Pueblo (Tsi'ya), a Native American reservation in the U.S. state of New Mexico. The Zia are known for their pottery and use of the sun symbol. They are one of the Keres Pueblo peoples and speak the Eastern Keres language.
The state flag of Ingushetia, a republic in the Russian Federation, is a horizontal tricolour that shows a red triskelion solar sign on a white background, with narrow green horizontal stripes above and below. The white symbolizes purity of thoughts and actions, the green—the awakening of nature, abundance, fertility of the land of Ingushetia, as well as Islam, which the Ingush profess, red—the difficult struggle of the Ingush people against injustice, for the right to live on the land of their ancestors in peace and harmony with neighboring peoples throughout centuries; the solar symbol symbolizes the endless development leading to the prosperity of the Ingush people.
The flag of Madison, Wisconsin, includes a sky blue background with a diagonal white stripe that goes from the bottom left corner to the top right which symbolizes Lake Mendota, Lake Monona and the isthmus between them. At the center of the flag is a black cross, which symbolizes the four lakes, as well as the cross shape of the Wisconsin State Capitol. The gold circle in the middle represents the Wisconsin State Capitol's dome.
The flag of Pittsburgh is a triband flag featuring vertical bands of black and gold and Pittsburgh's coat of arms in the center.
New Mexico – Mi Lindo Nuevo México is a song written and composed by Pablo Mares, which was adopted as the official bilingual song of New Mexico in 1995.
Gun laws in New Mexico regulate the sale, possession, and use of firearms and ammunition in the state of New Mexico in the United States.
The flag of Albuquerque, New Mexico, is the official municipal flag of Albuquerque, New Mexico. The design is a red field with yellow elements.