Gary J. Bass | |
---|---|
Occupation(s) | Professor, academic, reporter |
Academic background | |
Alma mater | Harvard University (BA, PhD) |
Academic work | |
Discipline | International Relations |
Sub-discipline | International security,human rights,international justice,international law |
Institutions | Princeton University |
Gary Jonathan Bass is an American author and academic. [1] [2] He is a professor of politics and international relations in the Princeton School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University. [3] [4]
Bass graduated from Harvard University [4] with a BA and PhD. Bass is the William P. Boswell Professor of World Politics of Peace and War [5] at Princeton University,where he teaches politics and international relations. [6] His book about the 1971 Bangladesh genocide, The Blood Telegram:Nixon,Kissinger,and a Forgotten Genocide ,was a Pulitzer prize non-fiction finalist in 2014. [7] [8] [9] The Council on Foreign Relations awarded the book the Arthur Ross Book Award. [10] It also won the Lionel Gelber Prize [11] and the Cundill Prize in Historical Literature. [8]
A former reporter for The Economist, [12] Bass has also written articles for the New York Times, [13] [14] [15] The Harvard Crimson, [16] Foreign Policy, [17] The New Yorker, [18] The Boston Globe, [19] The New Republic, [20] [21] and The Atlantic. [22]
Henry Alfred Kissinger was an American diplomat,political scientist,geopolitical consultant,and politician who served as the United States secretary of state and national security advisor in the presidential administrations of Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford between 1969 and 1977.
Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan was a Pakistani military officer,who served as the third president of Pakistan from 1969 to 1971. He also served as the Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army from 1966 to 1971. Along with Tikka Khan,he was considered the chief architect of the 1971 Bangladesh genocide.
The Indo-Pakistani war of 1971,also known as the third India-Pakistan war,was a military confrontation between India and Pakistan that occurred during the Bangladesh Liberation War in East Pakistan from 3 December 1971 until the Pakistani capitulation in Dhaka on 16 December 1971. The war began with Pakistan's Operation Chengiz Khan,consisting of preemptive aerial strikes on eight Indian air stations. The strikes led to India declaring war on Pakistan,marking their entry into the war for East Pakistan's independence,on the side of Bengali nationalist forces. India's entry expanded the existing conflict with Indian and Pakistani forces engaging on both the eastern and western fronts. Thirteen days after the war started,India achieved a clear upper hand,and the Eastern Command of the Pakistan military signed the instrument of surrender on 16 December 1971 in Dhaka,marking the formation of East Pakistan as the new nation of Bangladesh. Approximately 93,000 Pakistani servicemen were taken prisoner by the Indian Army,which included 79,676 to 81,000 uniformed personnel of the Pakistan Armed Forces,including some Bengali soldiers who had remained loyal to Pakistan. The remaining 10,324 to 12,500 prisoners were civilians,either family members of the military personnel or collaborators (Razakars).
The Bangladesh Liberation War,also known as the Bangladesh War of Independence,or simply the Liberation War in Bangladesh,was a revolution and armed conflict sparked by the rise of the Bengali nationalist and self-determination movement in East Pakistan,which resulted in the independence of Bangladesh. The war began when the Pakistani military junta based in West Pakistan—under the orders of Yahya Khan—launched Operation Searchlight against the people of East Pakistan on the night of 25 March 1971,initiating the Bangladesh genocide.
Robert Jervis was an American political scientist who was the Adlai E. Stevenson Professor of International Politics in the Department of Political Science at Columbia University. Jervis was co-editor of the Cornell Studies in Security Affairs,a series published by Cornell University Press.
Archer Kent Blood was an American career diplomat and academic. He served as the last American Consul General to Dhaka,Bangladesh. He is famous for sending the strongly worded "Blood Telegram" protesting against the atrocities committed in the Bangladesh Liberation War. He also served in Greece,Algeria,Germany,Afghanistan and ended his career as chargéd'affaires of the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi,India,retiring in 1982.
The 1972 visit by United States president Richard Nixon to the People's Republic of China was an important strategic and diplomatic overture that marked the culmination of the Nixon administration's establishment of relations between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China after years of American diplomatic policy that favored the Republic of China in Taiwan. The seven-day official visit to three Chinese cities was the first time a U.S. president had visited the PRC;Nixon's arrival in Beijing ended 25 years of no communication or diplomatic ties between the two countries and was the key step in normalizing relations between the U.S. and the PRC. Nixon visited the PRC to gain more leverage over relations with the Soviet Union,following the Sino-Soviet split. The normalization of ties culminated in 1979,when the U.S. established full diplomatic relations with the PRC.
The Bangladesh genocide was the ethnic cleansing of Bengalis,especially Bengali Hindus,residing in East Pakistan during the Bangladesh Liberation War,perpetrated by the Pakistan Armed Forces and the Razakars. It began on 25 March 1971,as Operation Searchlight was launched by West Pakistan to militarily subdue the Bengali population of East Pakistan;the Bengalis comprised the demographic majority and had been calling for independence from the Pakistani state. Seeking to curtail the Bengali self-determination movement,erstwhile Pakistani president Yahya Khan approved a large-scale military deployment,and in the nine-month-long conflict that ensued,Pakistani soldiers and local pro-Pakistan militias killed between 300,000 and 3,000,000 Bengalis and raped between 200,000 and 400,000 Bengali women in a systematic campaign of mass murder and genocidal sexual violence. In their investigation of the genocide,the Geneva-based International Commission of Jurists concluded that Pakistan's campaign involved the attempt to exterminate or forcibly remove a significant portion of the country's Hindu populace.
The Lionel Gelber Prize is a literary award for English non-fiction books on foreign policy. Founded in 1989 by Canadian diplomat Lionel Gelber,the prize awards "the world’s best non-fiction book in English on foreign affairs that seeks to deepen public debate on significant international issues." A prize of CA$50,000 is awarded to the winner. The award is presented annually by the Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy at the University of Toronto.
The Indo–Soviet Treaty of Peace,Friendship and Cooperation was a treaty signed between India and the Soviet Union in August 1971 that specified mutual strategic cooperation. This was a significant deviation from India's previous position of non-alignment during the Cold War and was a factor in the 1971 Indo-Pakistani war.
Bangladesh-United States relations are the bilateral relations between the People's Republic of Bangladesh and the United States of America. For the United States,Bangladesh is the 38th largest goods supplier and 60th largest export market. For Bangladesh,the United States is the largest export market. The two countries signed a bilateral investment treaty in 1986. U.S. companies are the largest foreign investors in Bangladesh. The U.S. government is the leading contributor of humanitarian assistance in response to the Rohingya crisis. Both nations have announced similar views for a Free and Open Indo-Pacific. Bangladesh has nurtured amicable relationships with all nations,prioritizing the enhancement of the socio-economic well-being of its people.
The Arthur Ross Book Award is a politics-related literary award.
A Great Wall:Six Presidents and China:An Investigative History (1999) is a history of international relations written by journalist Patrick Tyler. The book details high level relations between the United States and China from the Nixon administration to the Clinton Administration. Primarily focused on the actions and motives of members of the president's cabinet and their counterparts in China,the book illustrates the large role personal politics and bureaucratic infighting had on the direction of China policy in the United States. Well received in the popular press,the book garnered mixed reviews in scholarly journals. However,the book won both the Lionel Gelber Prize and the New York Public Library's Helen Bernstein Book Award in 2000.
The independence of Bangladesh was declared on 26 March 1971,at the onset of the Bangladesh Liberation War by Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman;the following day the declaration was broadcast by Major Ziaur Rahman from Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra radio station in kalurghat,Chattogram. On 10 April,the Provisional Government of Bangladesh issued a proclamation on the basis of the previous declaration and established an interim constitution for the independence movement.
Greg Grandin is an American historian and author. He is a professor of history at Yale University. He previously taught at New York University.
Genocide Remembrance Day is a national day of remembrance in Bangladesh observed on 25 March in commemoration of the victims of the Bangladesh genocide during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971.
The Blood Telegram:Nixon,Kissinger,and a Forgotten Genocide is a 2013 book by American journalist and academic Gary J. Bass about The Blood telegram,a state department dissent memo on American policy during the 1971 Bangladesh genocide sent by Archer Blood the American Consul General to Dhaka,East Pakistan.
Srinath Raghavan is an Indian historian of contemporary history. He is a professor of history and international relations at Ashoka University and a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. He is also a visiting senior research fellow at the India Institute of the King's College London and previously,was a senior fellow at the Centre for Policy Research,specialising in contemporary and historical aspects of India's foreign and security policies.
The Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Awards are one of the awards in India in the field of journalism. Named after Ramnath Goenka,the awards have been held annually since 2006,with the 12th edition being held in 2017. The awards are given for both print journalism as well as broadcast journalism,with a total of 25 different prizes being awarded in 2017 for excellence in journalism during 2016. In Fact Indian Express group started,Ramnath Goenka India Press Photo Award in 2004. This award was only for media photographers and the winners was announced in December 2004 at Nariman House,Express tower in Mumbai and Photo Journalist Shailendra Pandey won The First Picture of the year award.
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