| Gyerim Territory Area Command | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese name | |||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 鷄林州都督府 | ||||||
| |||||||
| Korean name | |||||||
| Hangul | 계림대도독부 | ||||||
| Hanja | 鷄林州都督府 | ||||||
| |||||||
The Gyerim Territory Area Command was a proposed autonomous administration to be established in Silla territory by the Tang dynasty. In the place of Baekje and Goguryeo,the Tang created the Protectorate General to Pacify the East,Ungjin Commandery.
In 660,when a joint Silla-Tang alliance destroyed Baekje,the Tang dynasty established a protectorate named Ungjin Commandery in its stead. Furthermore,the Tang emperor offered to Munmu of Silla that he take over a proposed protectorate called the "Great Commandery of Gyerim",which was refused. [1]
Following the offer Silla launched a surprise attack against the Tang forces and destroyed the Ungjin commandery. Over the course of several battles Tang forces would be driven north of the Taedong river by the Silla army. [2]
In the south of Silla another administrative subdivision named Jimizhou was to be set up. Munmu of Silla was to be nominated as first "commander" [3] [4] After that the position was to be inherited by the line of rulers of Silla.
In the 8th century,An Lushan Rebellion began,Ping Lu Fanzhen (Hanja:平盧藩鎮) was moved to Shandong Peninsula and renamed as Zi Qing Ping Lu Fanzhen (Hanja:淄青平盧藩鎮),Fanzhen attempted to hold a post of Commander of Gyerim Protectorate and crossed the sea for it.
Silla or Shilla was a Korean kingdom located on the southern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula. Silla,along with Baekje and Goguryeo,formed the Three Kingdoms of Korea.
Jeolla Province was one of the historical Eight Provinces of Korea during the Kingdom of Joseon in today Southwestern Korea. It consisted of the modern South Korean provinces of North Jeolla,South Jeolla and Gwangju Metropolitan City as well as the Jeju Province. The provincial capital was Jeonju,the current capital of North Jeolla. The entire inland region was called Honam,which is still commonly used today.
Sabi was the third and final capital of the Korean kingdom of Baekje,from 538 until Baekje’s fall in 660 CE. The site of Sabi is located in modern-day Buyeo County,South Chungcheong Province,in South Korea.
Munmu of Silla was the thirtieth king of the Korean kingdom of Silla. He is usually considered to have been the first ruler of the Unified Silla period. Munmu was the son of King Muyeol and Munmyeong,who was the younger sister of Kim Yu-shin. Under his father's reign,he held the office of pajinchan,who apparently was responsible for maritime affairs,and played a key role in developing the country's diplomatic links with Tang China. He was born Prince Beopmin,and took the name Munmu when he succeeded his father to the throne. After his death,he was known by the title of Dragon King.
Kim Yu-sin was Korean military general and politician in 7th-century Silla. He led the unification of the Korean Peninsula by Silla under the reign of King Muyeol and King Munmu. He is said to have been the great-grandchild of King Guhae of Geumgwan Gaya,the last ruler of the Geumgwan Gaya state. This would have given him a very high position in the Silla bone rank system,which governed the political and military status that a person could attain.
Jinhan was a loose confederacy of chiefdoms that existed from around the 1st century BC to the 4th century AD in the southern Korean Peninsula,to the east of the Nakdong River valley,Gyeongsang Province. Jinhan was one of the Samhan,along with Byeonhan and Mahan. Apparently descending from the Jin state of southern Korea,Jinhan was absorbed by the later Silla,one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.
Geom Mojam (?-670) was the military leader of a short-lived movement to restore Goguryeo after its fall to Silla in the later 7th century CE. After the kingdom fell to Tang and Silla in 668,he kindled an opposition movement in the Taedong River valley and in 670 established Anseung as the new King of Goguryeo. Anseung is believed to have been the illegitimate son of King Bojang,the last ruler of that kingdom. The capital was set up in modern-day Chaeryŏng-gun,South Hwanghae,North Korea. The rebellion is briefly described in the Samguk Sagi,Goguryeo Book 10.
The Protectorate-General to Pacify the East was a protectorate established by the Tang dynasty in the northeast after defeating the kingdom of Goguryeo. In the place of Baekje and Goguryeo,the Tang created the Protectorate General to Pacify the East and the Ungjin Commandery. A proposal to set up the Great Commandery of Gyerim by the Tang emperor to Munmu of Silla was refused.
Bojang of Goguryeo was the 28th and last monarch of Goguryeo the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was placed on the throne by the military leader Yeon Gaesomun. His reign ended when Goguryeo fell to the allied forces of the southern Korean kingdom of Silla and the Chinese Tang Dynasty.
Buyeo Yung (615–682) was the eldest son of King Uija,the last king of Baekje. He was appointed crown prince in 644,and would have been the kingdom's 32nd ruler. He is known as the progenitor of Buyeo Seo Clan where he changed his surname to Seo.
Korea's military history spans thousands of years,beginning with the ancient nation of Gojoseon and continuing into the present day with the countries of North Korea and South Korea,and is notable for its many successful triumphs over invaders. Throughout its history,Korea has boasted numerous exceptional leaders who gained outstanding victories against numerically superior enemies. Famed leaders credited with defending Korea against foreign invasions include:Eulji Mundeok of Goguryeo,who defeated Sui China during the Goguryeo–Sui War;Yeon Gaesomun of Goguryeo,who defeated Emperor Taizong of Tang China during the Goguryeo–Tang War;Gang Gam-chan of Goryeo,who defeated the Khitan Empire during the Goryeo-Khitan War;Choe Yeong and Yi Seong-gye of Goryeo,who defeated the Red Turbans,who later established Ming China,during the Red Turban Invasions;and Yi Sun-shin of Joseon,who defeated the Japanese at sea during the Imjin War. Other notable leaders include:Gwanggaeto the Great of Goguryeo,who created a great empire in Northeast Asia through conquest,and subjugated the other Korean kingdoms of Baekje,Silla and Gaya to bring about a brief unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea;Geunchogo of Baekje,who captured Pyongyang and established overseas territories to control much of the Korean peninsula and dominate the seas;Munmu and Kim Yu-sin of Silla,who united the Three Kingdoms of Korea and defeated Tang China to gain complete control of the Korean peninsula;Dae Jo-yeong,who created Balhae from Goguryeo's ashes and reconquered Goguryeo lands lost during the Goguryeo-Tang War;Jang Bogo of Later Silla,who created a maritime empire and commanded a powerful fleet;Wang Geon,who united the Later Three Kingdoms of Korea and established Goryeo as the successor to Goguryeo;and Yun Gwan of Goryeo,who defeated the Jurchens and constructed nine fortresses in Manchuria.
The Gyerim is a small woodland in Gyeongju National Park,Gyeongju,South Korea. The name literally means "rooster forest." The grove lies near the old site of the Silla kingdom palace in central Gyeongju. Nearby landmarks include the Banwolseong fortress,Cheomseongdae,the Gyeongju National Museum,and the Royal Tombs Complex.
Li Yan,courtesy name Zhengfang,also known as Li Ping,was a military general of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He climbed to the zenith of his career when he was asked by the Shu emperor Liu Bei to be the military paramountcy and co-regent alongside Zhuge Liang for his son and successor,Liu Shan. After the death of Liu Bei,Li Yan was given the rank of General of the Vanguard which was last held by Guan Yu back in 220. Li served most of his career in the mid and late 220s as the area commander for the Eastern Front centered in Yong An with Chen Dao as his deputy;he never faced any major battles in his position. However,during the 230s and the 4th of Zhuge Liang's Northern Expeditions,Li Yan was given a higher rank of General of the Agile Cavalry,below only Zhuge Liang. He was assigned to handle logistics,but he was unable to deliver supplies to Zhuge Liang's army in a timely manner. After his attempt to fraudulently cover his inability to follow commands,Li Yan was stripped from positions and power.
LüDai,courtesy name Dinggong,was a military general of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. Born in the late Eastern Han dynasty,LüDai started his career as a minor official in his home commandery in present-day Taizhou,Jiangsu before migrating south to the Jiangdong region,where he became an assistant magistrate and later a county chief under the warlord Sun Quan. He rose to prominence after his successes in suppressing some rebellions in Sun Quan's territories. Around the beginning of the Three Kingdoms period,Sun Quan,who later became the founding emperor of Eastern Wu,appointed LüDai as the governor of the restive Jiao Province in the south. During his ten-year-long tenure in Jiao Province,LüDai quelled a number of revolts,maintained peace in the area,and contacted some foreign kingdoms in Mainland Southeast Asia and made them pay tribute to Eastern Wu. In 231,he was recalled to Wuchang to oversee civil and military affairs in Jing Province alongside his colleague Lu Xun. Throughout the 230s,he suppressed a few rebellions in Wu territories. By 240,as he neared the age of 80,he was still in good physical health and competent enough to perform his duties. He rose to the position of Senior General-in-Chief in 246 and later Grand Marshal in 252 during the reign of Sun Quan's successor Sun Liang. He died at the old age of 95 and was one of the longest-living notable persons of the Three Kingdoms period.
Little Goguryeo or Lesser Goguryeo (699-820) is a hypothetical term for a state proposed by Japanese scholar Kaizaburo Hino. The existence of the state has been debated among scholars. The existence of the state was mentioned in historical records,but the leaders were recorded as Governors-General subject to the Tang dynasty in Tang's record.
The Ungjin Commandery was a Tang administrative subdivision that lasted from 660 to 671. It was created in place of Baekje in present-day Chungcheong Province after its defeat by a joint Silla-Tang alliance. The Tang dynasty incorporated the Ungjin Commandery into the Protectorate General to Pacify the East and furthermore proposed to Munmu of Silla to set up the Great Commandery of Gyerim in place of Silla. Those political organizations renamed the newly conquered areas under the Jimi system.
Zhou Tai was a military general who served in the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China.
Lu Yin,courtesy name Jingzong,was a military general of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was the younger brother of Lu Kai and a relative of Lu Xun,who respectively served as the eighth and third Imperial Chancellors of Eastern Wu.
Yang Xi,courtesy name Wenran,was an official of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He is best known for writing the Ji Han Fuchen Zan,a collection of praises of notable persons who served in the Shu Han state. Chen Shou,the third-century historian who wrote the Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi),extensively quoted and annotated Yang Xi's collection.
Tao Huang,courtesy name Shiying,was a military officer of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period and later for the Jin dynasty (266–420). Tao Huang was most notable for his thirty years administration of Jiaozhou during Wu and Jin. He was also responsible for Wu's victory against Jin during the latter's campaign in Jiao between 268 and 271,one of the few major victories Wu had over Jin in the final years of the Three Kingdoms.
