HD 74180 is a single [12] star in the constellation Vela. It is a yellow-white F-type supergiant with a mean apparent magnitude of +3.81 and a spectral classification F8Ib. Estimates of its distance to Earth vary between 3,200 and 8,300 light-years.
b Velorum has been classified as a suspected α Cygni variable star which varies by only 0.06 magnitude. There are possible periods near 53, 80, and 160 days, but the variation is largely irregular. [4] It lies less than a degree from the small open cluster NGC 2645, but is not a member. [3]
Several studies have considered b Velorum to be a highly luminous supergiant or hypergiant with an early F spectral type, for example F2 Ia+, [4] F0 Ia, [5] and F4 I. [13] There were corresponding luminosity estimates of several hundred thousand L☉. A 2015 study used the Barbier-Chalonge-Divan (BCD) system to derive a luminosity of 34,000 L☉ and a cooler less luminous F8 Ib spectral type. [3]
Multiple papers give different distances for b Velorum. Bailer-Jones et al. (2021) give a distance of about 2,530 pc (8,300 ly ). [9] The Hipparcos spacecraft give a parallax of 0.67±0.16 mas , translating into a distance of 1,492.5 pc (4,868 ly). [1] Aidelman et al. (2015) give a distance of 990 pc (3,200 ly). [3] At the Hipparcos distance, b Velorum has its apparent brightness diminished by 1.11 magnitudes due to interstellar extinction. [11]
b Velorum has an angular diameter estimated at 1.824 mas . [14] The physical size depends on the star's distance, and could be 190 R☉ assuming the distance of Aidelman et al., 290 R☉ assuming the Hipparcos distance, or even 500 R☉ assuming the Bailer-Jones et al. distance. [15]
In Chinese, 天社 (Tiān Shè), meaning Celestial Earth God's Temple , refers to an asterism consisting of Kappa Velorum, Gamma2 Velorum, b Velorum and Delta Velorum. [16] Consequently, Kappa Velorum itself is known as 天社五 (Tiān Shè wǔ), "the Fifth Star of Celestial Earth God's Temple". [17]
Tau Sagittarii is a star in the southern zodiac constellation of Sagittarius.
θ Trianguli Australis, Latinized as Theta Trianguli Australis, is a single star in the southern constellation of Triangulum Australe. It is visible to the naked eye as a dim, yellow-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of +5.50. The star is located about 334 light years from the Sun based on parallax, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +10 km/s.
Chi Aquarii, Latinized from χ Aquarii, is the Bayer designation of a star in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. The distance to this star, based upon parallax measurements with a 7% margin of error, is roughly 610 light-years. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of about 5.
3 Aquarii is a variable star in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. 3 Aquarii is the Flamsteed designation; it also bears the Bayer designation k Aquarii and the variable star designation EN Aquarii. With a mean apparent visual magnitude of 4.429, it is visible to the naked eye in dark skies. It has an annual parallax shift of 5.57 milliarcseconds with a 5% margin of error, which translates to a physical distance of around 590 light-years from Earth.
15 Arietis is a single variable star in the northern constellation of Aries. 15 Arietis is the Flamsteed designation; it also bears the variable star designation AV Arietis. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 5.74, which is just bright enough to be visible to the naked eye from dark suburban skies. An annual parallax shift of 5.84 mas corresponds to a physical distance of approximately 560 light-years from Earth. At that distance, the star's brightness is reduced by 0.33 in magnitude because of extinction from interstellar gas and dust.
Phi1 Cancri, Latinised from φ1 Cancri, is a solitary, orange-hued star in the constellation Cancer. It is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of +5.57. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 8.74 mas, it is approximately 370 light-years from the Sun.
Psi2 Aurigae, Latinized from ψ2 Aurigae, is a star in the constellation Auriga. It is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.79. Based upon parallax measurements, this star is approximately 420 light-years away from the Earth. At that distance, the brightness of the star is diminished by 0.07 in magnitude from extinction caused by interstellar gas and dust.
HR 3803 or N Velorum is a 3rd-magnitude star on the border between the southern constellations Carina and Vela. Based upon parallax measurements, it is approximately 239 light-years from Earth. It is an orange-hued K-type giant star and has twice the mass of the Sun. The measured angular diameter of this star, after correction for limb darkening, is 7.13 ± 0.08 mas. At the estimated distance of HR 3803, this yields a physical size of about 29 times the radius of the Sun.
HD 197036 is a single star in the northern constellation Cygnus. It has an absolute magnitude of −1.15 and an apparent magnitude of 6.61, below the max naked eye visibility. Located 1,310 light years away, it is approaching Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −15 km/s.
Lambda Mensae, Latinized from λ Mensae, is an orange-hued star in the southern constellation of Mensa. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 6.53, which places it at or near the limit on stars visible to the naked eye. According to the Bortle scale, it requires a dark night from rural skies for this star to be viewed. Though it has the designation Lambda, it is actually the twenty-fourth-brightest star in the constellation and not the eleventh-brightest.
HD 200661 is a solitary star in the equatorial constellation Equuleus. It has an apparent magnitude of 6.41, placing it near the max naked eye visibility. The star is situated at a distance of 430 light years but is approaching with a heliocentric radial velocity of −12.1 km/s.
Pi Eridani, Latinized from π Eridani, is a star in the constellation Eridanus. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 4.40, which is bright enough to be seen on a dark, clear night. Based upon parallax measurements, it is located roughly 480 light years from the Sun.
61 Leonis is a possible binary star system in the zodiac constellation of Leo. It is faintly visible to the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 4.73. The star is moving closer to the Sun with a heliocentric radial velocity of −12.7 km/s. It is located roughly 580 light-years from the Sun, as determined from its annual parallax shift of 5.58 mas.
Rho Orionis, Latinised from ρ Orionis, is the Bayer designation for an orange-hued binary star system in the equatorial constellation of Orion. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of +4.44. The star shows an annual parallax shift of 9.32 mas due to the orbital motion of the Earth, which provides a distance estimate of roughly 350 light-years from the Sun. It is moving away from the Sun with a radial velocity of +40.5 km/s. About 2.6 million years ago, Rho Orionis made its perihelion passage at a distance of around 10 light-years.
HD 74772 is a single star in the southern constellation of Vela. It is positioned near the Vela SNR, which gives it an intense X-ray background. The star is of apparent visual magnitude 4.05, and hence is visible to the naked eye. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 15.8 mas, it is located 207 light years from the Sun. It is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −2 km/s.
GZ Velorum is a single, orange-hued star in the southern constellation of Vela. It is a faint star but visible to the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 4.58. The star is located around 1,300 light years from Earth, as determined from its annual parallax shift of 2.4 mas. It is moving further away with a heliocentric radial velocity of +13 km/s.
HD 89998 is a single star in the southern constellation of Vela. It is a faint star but visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.82. The distance to HD 89998, as determined from its annual parallax shift of 15.9 mas, is 205 light years. The star is moving further from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of +21 km/s, having come within 140 ly some 1.552 million years ago.
3 Piscis Austrini, also known as HD 201901 or simply 3 PsA, is an astrometric binary located in the southern constellation Microscopium. It was once part of Piscis Austrinus, the southern fish. The system has a combined apparent magnitude of 5.39, making it faintly visible to the naked eye under ideal conditions. Gaia DR3 parallax measurements imply a distance of 404 light years and it is currently approaching the Solar System with a heliocentric radial velocity of −46.2 km/s. At its current distance, 3 PsA's brightness is diminished by 0.12 magnitudes due to extinction from interstellar dust and it has an absolute magnitude of +0.19.
HD 166006, also known as HR 6778, is a solitary orange-hued star located in the southern constellation Telescopium. It has an apparent magnitude of 6.07, making it barely visible to the naked eye. Based on Gaia DR2 parallax measurements, the object is located 582 light years away. It is currently approaching the Solar System with a somewhat constrained heliocentric radial velocity of −15 km/s.
HD 30479 is a solitary star in the southern circumpolar constellation Mensa. It has an apparent magnitude of 6.04, making it barely visible to the naked eye even under ideal conditions. It is located at a distance of 540 light years but is receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of 10.3 km/s.