HMS Urchin (1917)

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HMS Undine 1917.jpg
Sister ship HMS Undine
History
Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svgUnited Kingdom
NameHMS Urchin
Namesake Sea urchin
OrderedMarch 1916
Builder Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company, Jarrow
Launched7 June 1917
CompletedAugust 1917
Out of service7 January 1930
FateSold to be broken up
General characteristics
Class and typeModified Admiralty R-class destroyer
Displacement1,035 long tons (1,052 t) (normal)
Length276 ft (84.1 m) (o.a.)
Beam27 ft (8.2 m)
Draught11 ft (3.4 m)
Propulsion
Speed36 knots (41.4 mph; 66.7 km/h)
Range3,450  nmi (6,390 km) at 15 kn (28 km/h)
Complement82
Armament

HMS Urchin was a Modified Admiralty R-class destroyer which served with the Royal Navy during the First World War. The Modified R class added attributes of the Yarrow Later M class to improve the capability of the ships to operate in bad weather. The destroyer was the third ship in the Navy to be named after the sea urchin and the first in the class to be built by Palmers in Jarrow. Launched in 1917, Urchin served with the Grand Fleet, seeing action in the Second Battle of Heligoland Bight. After the war, the destroyer was remained in service until being retired and sold to be broken up in 1930.

Contents

Design and development

Urchin was one of eleven Modified R-class destroyers ordered by the British Admiralty in March 1916 as part of the Eighth War Construction Programme. [1] The design was a development of the existing R class, adding features from the Yarrow Later M class which had been introduced based on wartime experience. [2] The forward two boilers were transposed and vented through a single funnel, enabling the bridge and forward gun to be placed further aft. Combined with hull-strengthening, this improved the destroyers' ability to operate at high speed in bad weather. [3]

Urchin was 276 feet (84.1 m) long overall and 265 feet (80.8 m) long between perpendiculars, with a beam of 27 feet (8.2 m) and a draught of 11 feet (3.4 m). [2] Displacement was 1,035 long tons (1,052  t ) normal and 1,085 long tons (1,102 t) at deep load. Power was provided by three Yarrow boilers feeding two Brown-Curtis geared steam turbines rated at 27,000 shaft horsepower (20,000 kW) and driving two shafts, to give a design speed of 36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph). Two funnels were fitted. A total of 296 long tons (301 t) of fuel oil were carried, giving a design range of 3,450 nautical miles (6,390  km ; 3,970  mi ) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph). [4] [3]

Armament consisted of three single 4-inch (102 mm) Mk V QF guns on the ship's centreline, with one on the forecastle, one aft on a raised platform and one between the funnels. Increased elevation extended the range of the gun by 1,800 metres (2,000 yd) to 11,000 metres (12,000 yd). A single 2-pounder 40 mm (1.6 in) "pom-pom anti-aircraft gun was carried on a platform between two twin mounts for 21 in (533 mm) torpedoes. The ship had a complement of 82 officers and ratings. [3]

Construction and career

Laid down by Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company at Jarrow at Greenock, Urchin was launched on 7 June 1917 and completed in August. The vessel was the first of the class to be completed by the yard and was followed by sister ship Ursa. [2] On commissioning, Urchin joined the Thirteenth Destroyer Flotilla of the Grand Fleet. [5]

On 17 November 1917, Urchin took part in the Second Battle of Heligoland Bight in support of the 1st Cruiser Squadron, led by Vice-Admiral Trevylyan Napier in Courageous. [6] The destroyer formed part of small flotilla led by Ursa, commanded by John Tovey, that attacked the German ships with torpedoes. [7]

At the end of the First World War, the destroyer was still part of the Thirteenth Destroyer Flotilla under the cruiser Champion. [8] but was reduced on 8 February 1919. [9] On 6 August 1928, the destroyer transported a Spanish naval delegation to the Cowes Regatta. [10] Soon after the vessel was retired and, on 7 January 1930, Urchin was sold to Metal Industries of Charlestown, Fife to be broken up. [11]

Pennant numbers

Pennant Number Date
F99January 1917 [12]
F04January 1918 [13]
H62January 1922 [14]

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HMS <i>Linnet</i> (1913) Laforey-class destroyer

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HMS <i>Paladin</i> (1916) British M-Class destroyer, WW1

HMS Paladin was a Admiralty M-class destroyer which served with the Royal Navy during the First World War. The M class were an improvement on the previous L-class destroyer, capable of higher speed. Launched on 27 March 1916. Paladin took part in the Royal Navy sorties against German minesweepers in 1917, which culminated in the Second Battle of Heligoland Bight on 17 November, although the destroyer did not engage with any enemy warships during the battle. After the end of the war, the ship was placed in reserve before being decommissioned and sold to be broken up on 9 May 1921.

HMS <i>Obdurate</i> (1916) British M-Class destroyer, WW1

HMS Obdurate was an Admiralty M-class destroyer which served with the Royal Navy during the First World War. The M class were an improvement on the previous L-class, capable of higher speed. Launched on 21 January 1916 by Scotts of Greenock, the vessel served as part of the Grand Fleet in the Battle of Jutland in May 1916. The destroyer formed part of the cover for the British battlecruisers and was involved in attacks on German battleships and destroyers, but recorded no hits. The destroyer was also part of attack by Zeppelin L 43 on Sydney and the distant cover for the Second Battle of Heligoland Bight, but received only minor damage from the German airship. After the armistice, Obdurate was assigned to the Local Defence Force at Nore and sold to be broken up on 9 May 1921.

HMS <i>Penn</i> (1916) British M-Class destroyer, WW1

HMS Penn was a Admiralty M-class destroyer which served with the Royal Navy during the First World War. The M class were an improvement on the preceding L class, capable of higher speed. The ship was named after William Penn, the father of the founder of Pennsylvania. Launched on 8 April 1916, the vessel served with the Grand Fleet forming part of the screen for the dreadnought battleships of the 1st Battle Squadron and escorting the aircraft carrier Furious in battle. The destroyer participated in the Actions of 19 August 1916 and 16 October 1917, as well as forming part of the distant support during the Second Battle of Heligoland Bight. Penn was also instrumental in rescuing the survivors from the light cruiser Nottingham, sunk by a German submarine. After the Armistice that ended the war, the destroyer was placed in reserve and subsequently sold to be broken up on 9 May 1921.

HMS <i>Napier</i> (1915) British M-Class destroyer

HMS Napier was an Admiralty M-class destroyer which served in the Royal Navy during the First World War. The M class were an improvement on the previous L-class destroyer, capable of higher speed. The vessel was launched on 27 November 1915 and joined the Grand Fleet. Napier had a varied war career, acting as part of the destroyer screen for the First Battle Squadron during the Second Battle of Heligoland Bight and searching for the survivors of losses like the armoured cruiser HMS Hampshire. The vessel was usually based at Scapa Flow but spent a brief time seconded to the Harwich Force in 1917. After the Armistice that marked the end of the First World War, Napier was placed in reserve before being decommissioned and sold to be broken up on 8 November 1921.

References

Citations

  1. Friedman 2009, p. 310.
  2. 1 2 3 Parkes & Prendergast 1969, p. 107.
  3. 1 2 3 Preston 1985, p. 82.
  4. Friedman 2009, p. 296.
  5. "Destroyer Flotillas of the Grand Fleet". Supplement to the Monthly Navy List: 12. October 1917. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
  6. ADM 137/584 Heligoland Bight Operation, 17 November 1917, Reports, 1917, retrieved 8 July 2018
  7. ADM 137/293 Gunnery and Torpedo Orders, 1917, 1917
  8. "Destroyer Flotillas of the Grand Fleet". Supplement to the Monthly Navy List: 12. January 1919. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
  9. "Urchin". Supplement to the Monthly Navy List: 879. April 1920. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
  10. "Spanish Naval Squadron At Portsmouth: Visit to Cowes Regatta". The Times . No. 44958. 30 July 1928. p. 14.
  11. Colledge & Warlow 2006, p. 367.
  12. Dittmar & Colledge 1972, p. 70.
  13. Bush & Warlow 2021, p. 45.
  14. Bush & Warlow 2021, p. 74.

Bibliography

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  • Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006). Ships of the Royal Navy: a Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy from the 15th Century to the Present. London: Chatham. ISBN   978-1-85367-566-9.
  • Dittmar, F.J.; Colledge, J.J. (1972). British Warships 1914–1919. Shepperton: Ian Allan. ISBN   0-7110-0380-7.
  • Friedman, Norman (2009). British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the First World War. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN   978-1-84832-049-9.
  • Parkes, Oscar; Prendergast, Maurice (1969). Jane's Fighting Ships 1919. Newton Abbott: David & Charles. OCLC   907574860.
  • Preston, Antony (1985). "Great Britain and Empire Forces". In Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal (eds.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 1–104. ISBN   978-0-85177-245-5.