The Group of Eight (G8) was an inter-governmental political forum from 1997 until 2014. It had formed from incorporating Russia into the Group of Seven,or G7,and returned to its previous name after Russia was expelled in 2014.
The Group of Seven (G7) is an intergovernmental political &economic forum consisting of Canada,France,Germany,Italy,Japan,the United Kingdom and the United States;additionally,the European Union (EU) is a "non-enumerated member". It is organized around shared values of pluralism,liberal democracy,and representative government. G7 members are the major IMF advanced economies.
Peer Steinbrück is a German politician who was the Chancellor-candidate of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) in the 2013 federal election. Steinbrück served as the eighth Minister-President of North Rhine-Westphalia from 2002 to 2005,a member of the Bundestag from 2009 to 2016,and as Federal Minister of Finance in the first Cabinet of Chancellor Angela Merkel from 2005 to 2009.
The G20 or Group of 20 is an intergovernmental forum comprising 19 sovereign countries,the European Union (EU),and the African Union (AU). It works to address major issues related to the global economy,such as international financial stability,climate change mitigation and sustainable development.
Theodor Waigel is a German politician of the Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU). He represented Neu-Ulm in the Bundestag from 1976 to 2002.
Axel Alfred Weber is a German economist,professor,and banker. He is currently a board member and chairman of Swiss investment bank and financial services company,UBS Group AG,and has announced his resignation effective 7 April 2022.
John James Kirton is professor emeritus of political science and the director and founder of the G7 Research Group,director and founder of the G20 Research Group,founder and co-director of the Global Health Diplomacy Program,and founder and co-founder of the BRICS Research Group,based at University of Trinity College in the University of Toronto.
Jihad Azour (born 4 May 1966) is a Lebanese economist and politician,he served as Lebanon's minister of finance under Fouad Saniora's government from 2005 to 2008. He is a candidate for the 2023 Lebanese presidential elections.
The 2008 G20 Washington Summit on Financial Markets and the World Economy took place on November 14–15,2008,in Washington,D.C.,United States. It achieved general agreement amongst the G20 on how to cooperate in key areas so as to strengthen economic growth,deal with the 2008 financial crisis,and lay the foundation for reform to avoid similar crises in the future. The Summit resulted from an initiative by the French and European Union President,Nicolas Sarkozy,Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd,and the British Prime Minister,Gordon Brown. In connection with the G7 finance ministers on October 11,2008,United States President George W. Bush stated that the next meeting of the G20 would be important in finding solutions to the economic crisis. Since many economists and politicians called for a new Bretton Woods system to overhaul the world's financial structure,the meeting has sometimes been described by the media as Bretton Woods II.
The Financial Stability Forum (FSF) was a group consisting of major national financial authorities such as finance ministries,central bankers,and international financial bodies. It was first convened in April 1999 in Washington. At the 2009 G20 London summit,the G20 nations established a successor to the FSF,called the Financial Stability Board with an expanded membership and broadened mandate.
Malcolm D. Knight is a Canadian economist,policymaker and banker. He is currently Visiting Professor of Finance at the London School of Economics and Political Science and a Distinguished Fellow at the Center for International Governance Innovation. From 2008 to 2012,Knight was Vice Chairman of Deutsche Bank Group where he was responsible for developing and coordinating the bank's global approach to issues in financial regulation,supervision,and financial stability. He served as general manager of the Bank for International Settlements from 2003 to 2008 and as Senior Deputy Governor of the Bank of Canada (1999-2003),after holding senior positions at the International Monetary Fund (1975-1999).
The 2009 G20 London Summit was the second meeting of the G20 heads of government/heads of state,which was held in London on 2 April 2009 at the ExCeL Exhibition Centre to discuss financial markets and the world economy. It followed the first G20 Leaders Summit on Financial Markets and the World Economy,which was held in Washington,D.C.,on 14–15 November 2008. Heads of government or heads of state from the G20 attended,with some regional and international organisations also represented. Due to the extended membership,it has been referred to as the London Summit.
The Financial Stability Board (FSB) is an international body that monitors and makes recommendations about the global financial system. It was established in the 2009 G20 Pittsburgh Summit as a successor to the Financial Stability Forum (FSF). The Board includes all G20 major economies,FSF members,and the European Commission. Hosted and funded by the Bank for International Settlements,the board is based in Basel,Switzerland,and is established as a not-for-profit association under Swiss law.
Domenico Lombardi is a former director of the Global Economy program at the Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI),a non-partisan global governance think tank in Waterloo,Ontario,Canada. He is also chair of the Oxford Institute for Economic Policy. Until 2013 he was a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution.
This article is a list of all notable reaction to James Tobin's 1972 proposal of what is now known as the Tobin tax.
Pier Carlo Padoan is an Italian economist who served as Minister of Economy and Finance of Italy from 2014 to 2018.
Nicolás Dujovne is an Argentine economist and former Minister of the Treasury between 2017 and 2019 under the administration of Mauricio Macri.
Fabrizio Pagani is an Italian economist and public policy expert. He is working in the financial sector in Italy and internationally and serves in corporate boards. He is professor at Sciences Po,Paris and Libera UniversitàInternazionale degli Studi Sociali Guido Carli,Rome.
Ludger Schuknecht is a German economist who has been serving as Vice President and Corporate Secretary of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank since 2021.
David Lipton is an American economist who served as the Acting Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund from July 2,2019,following Christine Lagarde's nomination as President of the European Central Bank,until Kristalina Georgieva was appointed in the office on October 1,2019. Prior to this,Lipton had been serving as the IMF's First Deputy Managing Director since September 2011. Lipton has been featured in,and interviewed by,numerous publications including The Financial Times,Euromoney,Bloomberg News,and The Guardian.
