In the United States,banking had begun by the 1780s,along with the country's founding. It has developed into a highly influential and complex system of banking and financial services. Anchored by New York City and Wall Street,it is centered on various financial services,such as private banking,asset management,and deposit security.
The Community Reinvestment Act is a United States federal law designed to encourage commercial banks and savings associations to help meet the needs of borrowers in all segments of their communities,including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods. Congress passed the Act in 1977 to reduce discriminatory credit practices against low-income neighborhoods,a practice known as redlining.
The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) is an independent bureau within the United States Department of the Treasury that was established by the National Currency Act of 1863 and serves to charter,regulate,and supervise all national banks and thrift institutions and the federally licensed branches and agencies of foreign banks in the United States. The acting Comptroller of the Currency is Michael J. Hsu,who took office on May 10,2021.
Basel II is the second of the Basel Accords,which are recommendations on banking laws and regulations issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. It is now extended and partially superseded by Basel III.
The Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS) was a United States federal agency under the Department of the Treasury that chartered,supervised,and regulated all federally chartered and state-chartered savings banks and savings and loans associations. It was created in 1989 as a renamed version of the Federal Home Loan Bank Board,another federal agency. Like other U.S. federal bank regulators,it was paid by the banks it regulated. The OTS was initially seen as an aggressive regulator,but was later lax. Declining revenues and staff led the OTS to market itself to companies as a lax regulator in order to get revenue.
John C. Dugan is an American attorney who served as the 29th comptroller of the currency from August 2005 to August 14,2010. He has since worked as the chairman of Citigroup.
The Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC) is a formal U.S. government interagency body composed of five banking regulators that is "empowered to prescribe uniform principles,standards,and report forms to promote uniformity in the supervision of financial institutions". It also oversees real estate appraisal in the United States. Its regulations are contained in title 12 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
The Senate Banking Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Protection is one of five subcommittees within the Senate Committee on Banking,Housing,and Urban Affairs.
Eugene A. "Gene" Ludwig is an American business leader and expert on banking regulation,risk management,and fiscal policy. From 1993 to 1998 he served as Comptroller of the Currency.
Robert L. Clarke was Comptroller of the Currency of the United States from 1985-1992. He was born in Tulsa,Oklahoma.
C. Todd Conover was Comptroller of the Currency in the United States from 1981 to 1985 He was born in Bronxville,New York.
Promontory Financial Group,a wholly owned subsidiary of IBM,is a global consulting firm that advises clients on a variety of financial services matters,including regulatory issues,compliance,risk management,liquidity,restructuring,acquisitions,due diligence,internal investigations and cyber security.
Matthew David Roberts is an American lawyer.
A bank examiner is a financial professional who has the task of making sure that banks and savings and loan associations are operating legally and safely,in accordance with the bank regulations imposed on these institutions by the chartering level of government. In the United States,they may conduct supervision on behalf of a U.S. government agency,the Federal Reserve System,a state banking authority,or for the financial institutions themselves as internal auditors. The main duties of a bank examiner are to ensure that a bank's operations are legal and can provide financial stability. A bank examiner will also review financial statements,evaluate the level of risk associated with loans,and assess the management of a bank.
Thomas James Curry is an American government official who served as the 30th Comptroller of the Currency of the United States from April 9,2012,until May 5,2017. Prior to becoming Comptroller of the Currency,Curry served as a Director of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and as the chairman of the NeighborWorks America Board of Directors. He was born in Greenwich,Connecticut and raised in Stamford,Connecticut.
The independent foreclosure review was an initiative in the United States to attempt to provide aid to homeowners who had either received their Notice of Default,or were in danger of foreclosure in early 2010's. The review was initiated as a result of the Foreclosure Crisis of 2010. The Independent Foreclosure Review provided homeowners the opportunity to request an independent review of their foreclosure process. If the review found that financial injury occurred because of errors or other problems during their home foreclosure process,the homeowners could receive compensation or other remedy.
Joseph M. Otting is an American businessman and government official. He served as the 31st Comptroller of the Currency from November 27,2017 to May 29,2020.
Keith A. Noreika is an American lawyer who specializes in the regulation of financial institutions. He served as Acting Comptroller of the Currency from May 5,2017,to November 27,2017,following the 30th Comptroller of the Currency,Thomas J. Curry,and preceding the 31st Comptroller of the Currency,Joseph Otting. Noreika rejoined the law firm of Simpson Thacher on January 8,2018. He joined Patomak Global Partners as Executive Vice President and Chairman of its Banking Supervision and Regulation Group on July 5,2022.
Brian P. Brooks is an American lawyer,banker,entrepreneur,technologist,and former government official. He served as Acting Comptroller of the Currency from May 29,2020,succeeding the 31st Comptroller of the Currency Joseph Otting,until January 14,2021. Brooks was nominated twice by President Donald Trump for a five-year term as Comptroller of the Currency,once during the 116th Congress,and once in the 117th Congress.
Saule Tarikhovna Omarova is a Kazakh-American attorney,academic,and public policy advisor. She was the nominee for comptroller of the currency before her nomination was withdrawn at her request on December 7,2021.
