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Irish orthography is the set of conventions used to write Irish. A spelling reform in the mid-20th century led to An Caighdeán Oifigiúil, the modern standard written form used by the Government of Ireland, which regulates both spelling and grammar. The reform removed inter-dialectal silent letters, simplified some letter sequences, and modernised archaic spellings to reflect modern pronunciation, but it also removed letters pronounced in some dialects but not in others.
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Lexicography evolved in order to serve one of two needs i.e. in order to explain in a simple way difficult words and expressions or in order to explain the words and expressions of one language in another. In this case we can trace the tradition of lexicography in Irish back to the 8th century.
References
- ↑ Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media; Údarás na Gaeltachta; The North South Ministerial Council; Department for Communities. "Foras na Gaeilge". Foras na Gaeilge (in Irish and English).
Foras na Gaeilge can be contacted by emailing snicgearailt@forasnagaeilge.ie with queries about Gaeilge.ie.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ Atkinson, Robert, ed. (1880). The Book of Leinster (Lebar na Núachongbála) (in Irish and English) (1954–1983 ed.). Trinity College, Dublin: Royal Irish Academy.
- ↑ Ruaidhrí Ó Cianáin; Doighre Ó hUiginn (1947). McKenna, Lambert (ed.). The Book of Magauran (Leabhar Méig Shamhradháin) (in Old Irish). National Library of Ireland, Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. p. xxvi, 470.
Original date: 14th century
- ↑ Ó Dónaill, Niall, ed. (1977). Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla (in Irish and English). An Gúm. p. 1309. ISBN 1857910370.
- ↑ "Definition of BOG". 12 March 2024.
- ↑ "Why Bother?". Oxford University Press. 15 March 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
- ↑ Meyer, Kuno, ed. (1901). King and hermit: a colloquy between King Guaire of Aidne and his brother Marban, being an Irish poem of the tenth century. David Nutt.
- ↑ Thurneysen, Rudolf (1909). Binchy, Daniel Anthony (ed.). A Grammar of Old Irish by Rudolf Thurneysen. Revised and enlarged edition. Translated from the German by D.A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin. With supplement. Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. p. xxi, 717.
Original edition published in German
- ↑ Bergin, Osborn, ed. (1907–1913). Anecdota from Irish manuscripts (in Irish and English). M. Niemeyer. p. v 25.4.
- ↑ Stokes, Whitley, ed. (1898). The Gaelic abridgement of the Book of Ser Marco Polo. p. II. 245–73, 362–438, 603.
- ↑ Strachan, John, ed. (1901–1903). Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus: a collection of Old-Irish glosses, scholia, prose, and verse (in Irish, English, and Latin). University of Toronto: Cambridge University Press. p. iv, 82.
Note: v. 1. Biblical glosses and scholia; v. 2. Non-Biblical glosses and scholia: Old-Irish prose: Names of persons and places: Inscriptions: Verse: Indexes.
- ↑ O'Connell, Peter, ed. (1819). Peter O'Connell's Irish-English dictionary (transcript in RIA). Trinity College, Dublin: Royal Irish Academy.
- 1 2 3 4 Ó Dónaill, Niall, ed. (1992). Focloir Gaeilge-Bearla. Oifig an tSolathair. p. 1309. ISBN 1857910370.
- ↑ Hickey, Raymond (2007). Irish English: History and Present-Day Forms (in Irish and English). Cambridge University Press. p. 526. ISBN 978-0521174152.
- 1 2 Kluge, F. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache (1989) de Gruyter ISBN 3-11-006800-1
- ↑ Hoad, TF (ed) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology (1993) Oxford University Press ISBN 0-19-283098-8
- ↑ Online Etymology Dictionary by Douglas Harper
- ↑ Ó Muirithe, Diarmaid (1992-12-05). "The Words We Use". The Irish Times . p. 27.; reprinted in Ó Muirithe, Diarmaid (October 2006). The Words We Use. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. pp. 154–5. ISBN 978-0-7171-4080-0.
- ↑ Online Etymology Dictionary by Douglas Harper
- 1 2 Collins English Dictionary 21st Century Edition Harper Collins (2001) ISBN 0-00-472529-8
- 1 2 An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language by Walter W. Skeat (1888) (900 pages). Downloadable at Archive.org.
- ↑ An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English by Ernest Weekley (1921) (850 pages). Downloadable at Archive.org.
- ↑ "kibosh". Etymology online. Retrieved 2010-02-20.
- ↑ Share, Bernard. Slanguage, A Dictionary of Irish Slang.
- ↑ Cohen, Paul S (2011). "The genuine etymological story of phon(e)y". Transactions of the Philological Society. 109 (1): 1–11. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-968X.2011.01247.x . S2CID 170556817.
- ↑ "slogan – Search Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com.
- ↑ Fargnoli, A. Nicholas; Gillespie, Michael Patrick (1995). Critical Companion to James Joyce: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work. Infobase. p. 130. ISBN 0-8160-6232-3 . Retrieved July 2, 2014.