List of alcoholic drinks

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A fully supplied bar with various types of drinks Munich - A bar with full drink supply - 8491.jpg
A fully supplied bar with various types of drinks

This is a list of alcoholic drinks. An alcoholic drink is a drink that contains ethanol, commonly known as alcohol. Alcoholic drinks are divided into three general classes: beers, wines, and distilled beverages. They are legally consumed in most countries, and over one hundred countries have laws regulating their production, sale, and consumption. [1] In particular, such laws specify the minimum age at which a person may legally buy or drink them. This minimum age varies between 15 and 21 years, depending upon the country and the type of drink. Most nations set it at 18 years of age. [1]

Contents

Drinks by raw material

The names of some alcoholic drinks are determined by their raw material.

GrainsName of fermented beverage Name of distilled beverage
Barley beer, barley wine gin, Scotch whisky, Irish whiskey, jenever (Central Europe), ginebra (Spain, Argentina, Philippines), shōchū (mugijōchū) (Japan), soju (Korea), baijiu (China)
Buckwheat buckwheat whisky (Brittany), shōchū (sobajōchū) (Japan)
Corn chicha, corn beer, tesguino bourbon whiskey, moonshine, also vodka (rare)
Millet millet beer (Sub-Saharan Africa), tongba (Nepal), boza (the Balkans, Turkey)
Rice beer, brem (Indonesia), ruou gao (Vietnam), tuak (Borneo Island), sato (Thailand), huangjiu and choujiu (China), sake (Japan), makgeolli and cheongju (Korea), sonti, handia, and chuak (India), thwon (Nepal) aila (Nepal), rice baijiu (China), shōchū (komejōchū) and awamori (Japan), soju (Korea), hkaung rai (Myanmar), arrack (Indonesia), lao khao (Thailand)
Rye rye beer, kvass rye whiskey, vodka (Russia), korn (Germany)
Sorghum burukutu (Nigeria), pito (Ghana), merisa (southern Sudan), bilibili (Chad, Central African Republic, Cameroon) Maotai, Kaoliang liquor, certain other types of baijiu (China).
Wheat wheat beer horilka (Ukraine), vodka, wheat whiskey, weizenkorn (Germany), soju (Korea)
Fruit juice Name of fermented beverageName of distilled beverage
Apples cider (U.S.: "hard cider"), apfelwein jabukovača (Serbia), applejack (or apple brandy), calvados, cider
Apricots kajsijevača (Serbia), kaisieva rakia (Bulgaria), pálinka (Hungary)
Bananas or plantains chuoi hot (Vietnam), cauim (Kuna Indians of Panama), urgwagwa (Uganda, Rwanda), mbege (with millet malt; Tanzania), kasikisi (with sorghum malt; Democratic Republic of the Congo) majmunovača (Balkans)
Blueberries borovnica (Croatia)
Cashews feni (India)
Cherries cherry wine (Denmark) Kirsch (Germany, Switzerland)
Coconuts or palm palm wine arrack, lambanog (Sri Lanka, India, Philippines)
Gouqi gouqi jiu (China) gouqi jiu (China)
Ginger with sugar, ginger with raisins ginger ale, ginger beer, ginger wine
Grapes wine, Cachina (Perú) brandy, cognac (France), vermouth, armagnac (France), branntwein (Germany), pisco (Peru), rakija (The Balkans, Turkey), singani (Bolivia), arak (Syria, Lebanon, Jordan), törkölypálinka (Hungary), zivania (Cyprus)
Juniper berries gin, jenever (Netherlands/Belgium), borovička (Slovakia)
Mulberries oghi (Armenia)
Myrica rubra yangmei jiu (China)yangmei jiu (China)
Pears perry, or pear cider; poiré (France)kruškovac (Croatia), viljamovka (Serbia), Poire Williams, pear brandy, eau-de-vie (France), pálinka (Hungary), krushova rakia / krushevitsa (Bulgaria)
Pineapples tepache (Mexico), Pineapple Wine (Hawaii)
Plums plum wine, plum jerkum šljivovica (Balkans and Central Europe), slivovitz, țuică, umeshu (Japan), pálinka, slivova rakia / slivovitsa (Bulgaria)
Pomace pomace wine raki/ouzo/pastis/sambuca (Turkey/Greece/France/Italy), tsipouro/tsikoudia (Greece), grappa (Italy/Argentina/Uruguay), trester (Germany), marc (France), orujo (Spain), zivania (Cyprus), bagaço (Portugal), tescovină (Romania), arak (Iran)
Pomegranates pomegranate wine (Armenia)
Quinces dunjevača (Serbia)
Raspberries raspberry wine [2] (US, Canada) Himbeergeist (Germany, Switzerland)
Sausage tree fruitmuratina wine [3] (Kenya)
FlowersName of fermented beverageName of distilled beverage
Madhuca longifolia mahudo and mahuda no daru (Gujarat), mahuva ki sharaab, madhvi, and tharra (Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh)
VegetablesName of fermented beverageName of distilled beverage
Agave juice tequila, mezcal, raicilla, bacanora
Agave sap pulque
Cassava

Saliva-fermented beverages:

  • cauim
  • chicha: Throughout the Amazon Basin, including the interiors of Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela, chicha is made most often with cassava; in Peruvian Amazonia chichia is known as masato .
  • kasiri (Sub-Saharan Africa)
  • nihamanchi (South America) a.k.a. nijimanche (Ecuador and Peru)
  • parakari (Guyana)
  • sakurá (Brazil, Surinam)
 tiquira (Brazil)
Ginger root juiceginger beer (Botswana)
Potato potato beer horilka (Ukraine), vodka (Poland), Kartoffelschnaps (Germany), akvavit (Scandinavia), poitín (poteen) (Ireland), tuzemák (Czech Republic), brennivín (Iceland)
Sugarcane juice, or molasses basi, betsa-betsa (regional) rum (Caribbean), rhum agricole (Haiti, Martinique, Guadeloupe and the rest of the French Caribbean), clairin (Haiti), cachaça (Brazil), desi daru (India), aguardiente de caña (Spain), aguardiente, guaro, lavagallo, pinga (Venezuela, Colombia, Nicaragua), mamajuana (Dominican Republic), gongo and konyagi (Tanzania), cocoroco (Bolivia), caña (Argentina, Uruguay), espinillar (Uruguay), caña blanca (Paraguay), ginebra (Philippines)
Sweet potato shōchū (imojōchū) (Japan), soju (Korea)
Ti root okolehao (Hawai'i)
Other raw materialsName of fermented beverageName of distilled beverage
Sap of palm coyol wine (Central America), tembo (Sub-Saharan Africa), toddy (Indian subcontinent), namtanmao (Thailand)
Sap of Arenga pinnata, coconut, Borassus flabellifer palm wine, tubâ (Philippines), namtanmao (Thailand) arrack, lambanog (Philippines)
Honey mead, horilka (Ukraine), sima (Finland), tej (Ethiopia)medica (Croatia), distilled mead, honey-flavored liqueur
Milk kumis, kefir, blaand arkhi (Mongolia)
Sugar kilju (Finland) shōchū (kokutō shōchū): made from brown sugar (Japan) or rum
Walnuts orahovac (Croatia, Serbia)

Alcoholic fermented drinks

Founders Old Curmudgeon old ale Founders Curmudgeon (Old Ale).jpg
Founders Old Curmudgeon old ale
A hard cider produced in Michigan, U.S. JK Scrumpy cider bottle and glass.jpg
A hard cider produced in Michigan, U.S.
Palm wine is collected, fermented and stored in calabashes in Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Refreshing palm wine.jpg
Palm wine is collected, fermented and stored in calabashes in Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Desi daru from India Factory made legal desi daru.jpg
Desi daru from India

Distilled beverages

A reservoir glass filled with a naturally colored verte absinthe, next to an absinthe spoon Absinthe-glass.jpg
A reservoir glass filled with a naturally colored verte absinthe, next to an absinthe spoon
Various views of a bottle of mezcal. The "worm", which is actually the larval form of the moth Hypopta agavis that lives on the agave plant, can be seen in the middle image, at the bottom of the bottle. Mezcal.jpg
Various views of a bottle of mezcal. The "worm", which is actually the larval form of the moth Hypopta agavis that lives on the agave plant, can be seen in the middle image, at the bottom of the bottle.
Various bottles and containers of Russian vodka Wodkaflaschen.JPG
Various bottles and containers of Russian vodka

Definition

A distilled beverage , spirit drink, or liquor is an alcoholic drink containing ethanol that is produced by distillation (i.e., concentrating by distillation) of ethanol produced by means of fermenting grains, fruits, botanicals, vegetables, seeds, or roots. [4] Vodka, gin, baijiu, shōchū, soju, tequila, rum, whisky, brandy, and singani are examples of distilled drinks. Beer, wine, cider, sake, and huangjiu are examples of fermented drinks.

Hard liquor is used in North America, and India, to distinguish distilled drinks from undistilled ones, and to suggest that undistilled are implicitly weaker.

List of known liquors

The following are liquors being produced around the world (by type, then alphabetically):

Cane sugar/sugar beet/honey distillations

Fruit distillations

Grain-based distillations

Herbal distillations

Plant-based distillations

Seed or botanical distillations

Where the seed or botanical is the dominant flavorant:

Tree distillations

Vegetable distillations

Complex or multiple distillations

Liqueur

See also

Related Research Articles

<i>Soju</i> Distilled alcoholic beverage from Korea

Soju is a clear and colorless Korean distilled alcoholic beverage. It is usually consumed neat. Its alcohol content varies from about 12.9% to 53% alcohol by volume (ABV), although since 2007 low alcohol soju below 20% has become more popular.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alcoholic drinks in China</span> Chinese alcoholic beverages

There is a long history of alcoholic drinks in China. They include rice and grape wine, beer, whisky and various liquors including baijiu, the most-consumed distilled spirit in the world.

<i>Shōchū</i> Distilled alcoholic beverage from Japan

Shōchū is a Japanese distilled beverage. It is typically distilled from rice, barley, sweet potatoes, buckwheat, or brown sugar, though it is sometimes produced from other ingredients such as chestnut, sesame seeds, potatoes, or even carrots.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ethanol fermentation</span> Biological process that produces ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products

Ethanol fermentation, also called alcoholic fermentation, is a biological process which converts sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products. Because yeasts perform this conversion in the absence of oxygen, alcoholic fermentation is considered an anaerobic process. It also takes place in some species of fish where it provides energy when oxygen is scarce.

<i>Baijiu</i> Distilled alcoholic beverage from China

Baijiu, or shaojiu (烧酒/燒酒), is a colorless Chinese liquor typically coming in between 35% and 60% alcohol by volume (ABV). Each type of baijiu uses its own type of qū for fermentation to create a distinct and characteristic flavor profile.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Liquor</span> Alcoholic drink produced by distillation

Liquor is an alcoholic drink produced by the distillation of grains, fruits, vegetables, or sugar that have already gone through alcoholic fermentation. Other terms for liquor include: spirit, distilled beverage, booze, spirituous liquor or hard liquor. The distillation process concentrates the liquid to increase its alcohol by volume. As liquors contain significantly more alcohol (ethanol) than other alcoholic drinks, they are considered "harder." In North America, the term hard liquor is sometimes used to distinguish distilled alcoholic drinks from non-distilled ones, whereas the term spirits is more commonly used in the UK. Some examples of liquors include vodka, rum, gin, and tequila. Liquors are often aged in barrels, such as for the production of brandy and whiskey, or are infused with flavorings to form flavored liquors, such as absinthe.

HiteJinro Co., Ltd. is a South Korean multinational drink, brewing and distiller company, founded in 1924. It is the world's leading producer of soju, accounting for more than half of that beverage's domestic sales. It also manufactures a variety of other alcoholic beverages including red wine and whiskey. Distilleries are located in Icheon, Cheongwon, and Masan, with the Masan plant geared toward exports. In addition, Jinro produces the Soksu brand of bottled water at a factory in Cheongwon. In 2006, the company was acquired by Hite, a popular beverage company whose main product is beer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Korean alcoholic drinks</span>

Korean cuisine has a wide variety of traditional alcoholic drinks, known as sul (술). Many of these drinks end with the Sino-Korean word -ju, and some end with the native Korean word -sul. The Sino-Korean -ju is not used as an independent noun.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of alcoholic drinks</span>

Purposeful production of alcoholic drinks is common and often reflects cultural and religious peculiarities as much as geographical and sociological conditions.

Flavored liquors are liquors that have added flavoring and, in some cases, a small amount of added sugar. They are distinct from liqueurs in that liqueurs have a high sugar content and may also contain glycerine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beer cocktail</span> Cocktail made by mixing beer with a distilled beverage

A beer cocktail is a cocktail that is made by mixing beer with other ingredients or another style of beer. In this type of cocktail, the primary ingredient is usually beer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Korn (liquor)</span> German colorless grain spirit

Korn, also known as Kornbrand or Kornbranntwein, is a German colorless distilled beverage produced from fermented cereal grain seed. The production of Korn uses only five grains: most of the production is based on rye or wheat; barley is mainly used to obtain the required malt for the brewing process; oats and buckwheat are rarely used. The addition of food colorings, flavorings, or sweeteners is not permitted. Korn is distilled to lower alcoholic proofs and less rigorously filtered than vodka, which leaves more of the cereal grain flavor in the finished spirit.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alcoholic beverage</span> Drink with a substantial ethanol amount

An alcoholic beverage is a drink that contains ethanol, a type of alcohol and is produced by fermentation of grains, fruits, or other sources of sugar. The consumption of alcoholic drinks, often referred to as "drinking", plays an important social role in many cultures. Alcoholic drinks are typically divided into three classes—beers, wines, and spirits—and typically their alcohol content is between 3% and 50%.

St. George Spirits is an artisanal distillery located in Alameda, California that produces a range of alcoholic beverages under the direction of Master Distiller Lance Winters. They are known for producing vodka, absinthe, whiskey, gin, brandy, liqueurs, and a range of exotic spirits.

References

  1. 1 2 "Minimum Legal Age Limits". Iard.org. International Alliance for Responsible Drinking. Archived from the original on 4 May 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
  2. ↑ "winemaking: Red Raspberry Wine". Winemaking.jackkeller.net. Retrieved 5 February 2019.[ permanent dead link ]
  3. ↑ "muratina: A Kenyan alcoholic drink made from the dried fruit of sausage tree (Kigelia africana)" . Retrieved 18 April 2021.
  4. ↑ "Distilled spirit - alcoholic beverage". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
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