This is a list of the sizes, shapes, and general characteristics of some common primary and secondary battery types in household, automotive and light industrial use.
The complete nomenclature for a battery specifies size, chemistry, terminal arrangement, and special characteristics. The same physically interchangeable cell size or battery size may have widely different characteristics; physical interchangeability is not the sole factor in substituting a battery.[1]
The full battery designation identifies not only the size, shape and terminal layout of the battery but also the chemistry (and therefore the voltage per cell) and the number of cells in the battery. For example, a CR123 battery is always LiMnO2 ('Lithium') chemistry, in addition to its unique size.
The following tables give the common battery chemistry types for the current common sizes of batteries. See Battery chemistry for a list of other electrochemical systems.
U16 or HP16 (In the UK) Micro Microlight MN2400 MX2400 MV2400 Type 286 (Soviet Union/Russia) UM 4 (JIS)(carbon-zinc) [2] 単4 AM-4 (JIS)(alkaline) #7 (China)
U12 or HP7 (In the UK) Pencil-sized Penlight Mignon MN1500 MX1500 MV1500 Type 316 (Soviet Union/Russia) UM 3 単3 (JIS)(carbon-zinc) AM-3 (JIS)(alkaline) #5 (China)
Introduced 1907, but added to ANSI standard sizes in 1947.
Used in many household electronic devices. Various fractional sizes are available; e.g.: 4⁄5AA (FLYCO Ni-Cd, Ni-Mh, 600–1,500 capacity, 14.0 × 40.0, used in small electronics, such as electric shavers. 1⁄2AA (see below)
Same diameter as AA battery, used in small electronics, including pulse oximeters, as well as use in some computer models (such as most pre-Intel Macintosh models and some older IBM PC compatibles) as the CMOS battery. Also used in US military MILES gear and DAGR. Also used in Renishaw Probes, commonly used in CNC machines, such like ones from Haas Automation.
A
R23 (carbon‑zinc) LR23 (alkaline) #4 (China)
1.5
17 × 50
More common as a NiCd or NiMH cell size than a primary size, popular in older laptop batteries and hobby battery packs.
Various fractional sizes are also available; e.g., 2⁄3 A and 4⁄5 A.
U11 or HP11 (In the UK) MN1400 MX1400 Baby Type 343 (Soviet Union/Russia) BA-42 (US Military Spec WWII–1980s)[citation needed] UM 2 (JIS) 単2 #2 (China)
Can be replaced with an AA cell or up to four AAA cells in parallel using a plastic sabot (size adaptor), with proportional loss of capacity.
Sub-C
SC
Type 332 (Soviet Union/ Russian Federation)
KR22C429 (NiCd) HR22C429 (NiMH)
1,200–2,400 (NiCd) 1,800–5,000 (NiMH)
1.2
22.2 ×42.9 (0.87 ×1.69)
A common size for cells inside cordless tool battery packs. This size is also used in radio-controlled scale vehicle battery packs and some Soviet multimeters.
1⁄2-, 4⁄5- and 5⁄4-sub-C sizes (differing in length) are also available. Soviet 332 type can be replaced with R10 (#4, 927, BF, U8) or 1.5V elements from 3V 2xLR10 packs.[43][44]
Introduced 1898 as the first flashlight battery. Can be replaced with an AA cell or a C cell using a plastic sabot (size adaptor), with proportional loss of capacity.
F
R25 (carbon‑zinc) LR25 (alkaline)
60
10,500 (carbon‑zinc) 26,000 (alkaline)
1.5
33 × 91
Four F cells are often found within 6 volt rectangular lantern batteries.
6.5mm2 flat contacts, +: chamfered corner, −: top side
H: 48.5 L: 35.6 W: 9.18
Typically used in applications where the device in question must be flat, or where one should not be able to insert the battery in reverse polarity.
Often contains four LR61 cells, which are similar AAAA cells.
Camera batteries
As well as other types, digital and film cameras often use specialized primary batteries to produce a compact product. Flashlights and portable electronic devices may also use these types.
A lithium primary battery, not interchangeable with zinc types. A rechargeable lithium-ion version is available in the same size and is interchangeable in some uses. According to consumer packaging, replaces (BR)2⁄3A.
In Switzerland as of 2008[update], these batteries accounted for 16% of lithium camera battery sales.[74] Used in flashlights and UV water purifiers.[134]
Coin-shaped cells are thin compared to their diameter. Polarity is usually stamped on the metal casing.
The IEC prefix "CR" denotes lithium manganese dioxide chemistry. Since LiMnO2 cells produce 3 volts there are no widely available alternative chemistries for a lithium coin battery. The "BR" prefix indicates a round lithium/carbon monofluoride cell. See lithium battery for discussion of the different performance characteristics. One LiMnO2 cell can replace two alkaline or silver-oxide cells.
IEC designation numbers indicate the physical dimensions of the cylindrical cell. Cells less than one centimeter in height are assigned four-digit numbers, where the first two digits are the diameter in millimeters, while the last two digits are the height in tenths of millimeters. Taller cells are assigned five-digit numbers, where the first two digits are the diameter in millimeters, followed by the last three digits indicating the height in tenths of millimeters.
All these lithium cells are rated nominally 3 volts (on-load), with open-circuit voltage about 3.6 volts. Manufacturers may have their own part numbers for IEC standard size cells. The capacity listed is for a constant resistance discharge down to 2.0 volts per cell.[142]
Used in a variety of LED art. Also used in some Lego toys.
CR1025
5033LC
30
0.1
10 × 2.5
CR1130
70
0.1
11.5 × 3.0
A rare battery, sometimes used in car security (car alarm/keyfob batteries), organizer (backup battery for PDA such as Psion etc.), and some pedometers.
Also known as DL1130, BR1130, KL1130, L1130, ECR1130, KCR1130, E-CR1130, KECR1130[143][144]
CR1216
5034LC
25
0.1
12.5 × 1.6
Used in some lighted watches and some LED decorator lights (electronic tea candles).
CR1220
5012LC
35–40
0.1 (CR) 0.03 (BR)
12.5 × 2.0
Used in keychain LED flashlights, and in some digital cameras to keep the time and date function running even when the main battery is taken out of the camera.[145][146]
CR1225
5020LC
50
0.2
12.5 × 2.5
Maximum discharge current: 1 mA. Maximum pulse discharge current: 5 mA.
CR1616
50–55
0.1
16 × 1.6
Used in automobile key remotes and in Game Boy cartridges (for powering the RAM for saved games).
CR1620
5009LC
75–78
0.1
16 × 2.0
Used in automobile key remotes and early digital watches.
CR1632
140 (CR) 120 (BR)
0.1 (CR) 0.03 (BR)
16 × 3.2
Used in automobile key remotes; e.g., Toyota Prius 2012.
CR2012
55
0.1
20 × 1.2
CR2016
5000LC
90
0.1 (CR) 0.03 (BR)
20 × 1.6
Frequently used in digital watches. Often used in pairs instead of CR2032 for devices that require more than 3V, like blue/white LED flashlights.
CR2020
115–125
20 × 2
CR2025
5003LC
160–165
0.2
20 × 2.5
Frequently used in digital watches and automobile remotes.
CR2032
5004LC
225 (CR) 190 (BR)
0.2 (CR) 0.03 (BR)
20 × 3.2
Maximum discharge current: 3 mA. Maximum pulse discharge current: 15 mA.
This is also the most common lithium cell. Commonly used on computer motherboards as nonvolatile BIOS memory and real-time clock (RTC) backup batteries, device remote controls, remote key fobs for cars and other vehicles. Also in other devices such as key finders like Apple's AirTag. Weighs around 2.9 g.[147]
CR2040
280
20 × 4.0
Used in Skytronic PRO Audible Altimeter but also flow meters and organizers (as a memory backup battery). Has become obsolete and hard to find. Other names are BR2040, DL2040, ECR2040, E-CR2040, KCR2040, KECR2040, KL2040, L2040, L24.
Used in XBand Modem to save updates and profile data.
CR2450
5029LC
610–620
24.5 × 5.0
Portable devices requiring high current (3.0 mA) and long shelf life (up to 10 years)
CR2477
1,000
0.2
24.5 × 7.7
Has the highest capacity of lithium button cell batteries.[152]
CR3032
500–560 (CR) 500 (BR)
0.1–0.2 (CR) 0.03 (BR)
30.0 × 3.2
Continuous discharge current taken from Panasonic Catalog.
CR11108
160
11.6 × 10.8
Also called CR1/3N because it is 1⁄3rd the height of an alkaline N cell, and a stack of three of them will form a battery with the same dimensions as an N cell, but with 9V terminal voltage. Such 9V batteries in a single package do exist but are rare and only usually found in specialist applications; they can be referred to as 3CR1/3N. However, 2CR1/3N, a 6V battery consisting internally of a stack of two CR1/3N and standardized by ANSI as 1406LC and by IEC as 2CR13252 (though some datasheets state it as 2CR11108 instead), is sold by Duracell (PX28L[153]), Energizer (L544, now obsolete[154]), and others.
A CR1/3N is also used by photographers instead of two LR44 batteries in cameras.
Silver oxide and alkaline cells
In the following table, sizes are shown for the silver-oxide IEC number; types and capacity are identified as "(L)" for alkaline, "(M)" for mercury (no longer manufactured), and "(S)" for silver-oxide. Some sizes may be interchangeably used in battery holders. For example, the 189/389 cell is 3.1mm high and was designated 1131, while the 190/390 size is 3.0mm high and was designated 1130, but a battery holder will accept either size.
Rarely used independently. 8 of these in series are used to form an A23 battery.
LR9
625
V625U
190 (L)
15.5 × 6.0
Its diameter is smaller on the other end.
Zinc air cells (hearing aid)
Zinc-air hearing aid batteries
Miniature zinc-air batteries are button cells that use oxygen in air as a reactant and have very high capacity for their size. Each cell needs around 1cm3 of air per minute at a 10mA discharge rate. These cells are commonly used in hearing aids. A sealing tab keeps air out of the cell in storage; a few weeks after breaking the seal the electrolyte will dry out and the battery becomes unusable, regardless of use. Nominal voltage on discharge is 1.2V.
Lithium-ion rechargeable batteries are generally not interchangeable with primary types using a different chemistry, due to their higher voltage. Many are also available with protection circuits that can increase their physical length; for example, an 18650 is around 65mm (2.56in) long, but may be around 68mm (2.68in) long with a protection circuit. Some such circuits increase cell diameter instead. The increased dimensions may mean the cell will no longer fit in battery compartments intended for cells without such circuitry.
Commonly-used designation numbers indicate the physical dimensions of the cylindrical cell, as given in IEC standard 60086-1 for cylindrical primary cells. The first two digits are the nominal diameter of the cell in millimetres, and the two following digits are generally the height in millimeters, with the fifth digit indicating cylindrical shape. Alternately, the last three digits can refer to the height in tenths of a millimeter. Manufacturers may use non-IEC designations for their products.
Not widely available, used in some pen flashlights to replace two AAA cells in series.
13400
550
13
40
Commonly used in disposable electronic cigarettes.
14250
Lithium ion 1⁄2 AA
300
14
25
Same size as 1⁄2 AA cell. Used in the flashlight Lummi RAW.
14300
Lithium ion 3⁄5 AA
520, 540
14
30
Slightly longer than a 14250 due to an integrated Micro-USB receptacle and charging controller. Semi-proprietary, used in FOLOMOV C2 and EDC C2 mini flashlights.
Widely regarded as the most produced lithium-ion cell size.[208] This cell type is used in many laptop computer batteries, cordless power tools, many electric cars, electric scooters,[209] most e-bikes, older portable powerbanks, electronic cigarettes,[210][211] portable fans and LED flashlights. Nominal voltage is 3.6-3.7V.[185]
Introduced by Sanyo/Panasonic for use in portable power tools as higher-power and higher-capacity successor for 18650 cells. [citation needed] Quickly superseded by 21700. Also used for larger electronic cigarettes.
Announced by Samsung[216] and LG Chem in 2015 for use in electric bikes.[217] By January 2017, was being produced at Tesla Gigafactory 1 for the Tesla Model 3,[218] reaching a production rate of 1.8 billion cells annually (20 GWh per year) by mid-2018.[219] Also used for stationary storage (Tesla Powerwall 2 and Powerpack 2)[220] and larger electronic cigarettes.
Popular size as[227] ANR26650 LiFePO 4 cell from A123 Systems for radio control hobby use. Also used in larger, high-powered LED flashlights and some electronic cigarettes. This size is sometimes used in devices that can take either one 26650 or three AAA cells in series in a cylindrical 3-cell battery carrier.
LiFePO4 3.2V. LiFePO4 properties: long lasting (2000+ cycles), safer, more stable, good continuous/peak discharge rates (3C/10C), less energy dense. These cylindrical cells are widely used in EVs including electric bikes, electric scooters, electric cars / hybrid electric cars, UPS batteries, storage batteries for solar power systems, starter batteries for cars and motorbikes etc. The Headway 38120HP cells are used in high discharge environments as they have very good continuous/peak discharge rates (10C/25C). Because four cells in series produces a voltage range similar to 6 cells of Lead-acids and their fire-resistant properties, they can be used to replace a 12V lead acid car battery.[234]
38140
38140s
12,000
38
140
LiFePO4 3.2V. Slightly taller version of the 38120 cells, most often used in electric bikes. Height including the screw terminals: 154mm[citation needed]
40152
40152s
15,000
40
152
LiFePO4 3.2V. Largest cylindrical LiFePO4 cells. Height including the screw terminals: 167mm[citation needed]
Concept introduced by Tesla in 2020 as a high energy capacity cell for use in EVs,[236][237] and entered production in 2023.[238][239] Also planned by JAC/Volkswagen in joint-development with CBAK as of early 2021.[240] Manufacturers include Panasonic and LG.[241][needs update]
4695
46950
10,200
46
95
Occasionally found in larger LED flashlights.
Obsolete batteries
These types are associated with legacy applications, such as for vacuum tube equipment (A, B, and Cbatteries), or are no longer manufactured.
Used in cameras and Apple Macintosh computers (such as the 128K through 512K and similar). As the IEC name suggests, this is often just 3 LR50 batteries stacked together.
531
PX19
3LR50
1307AP
580 (alkaline)
4.5 V
D: 17.1 H: 58.3
A 523 with snap connectors attached to either end. Used in some older cameras, notably the Polaroid Automatic Land Camera packfilm models.
No. 6
Ignition Cell, 6135-99-114-3446 (NSN) FLAG (in UK)
R40
905
35,000–40,000 (carbon‑zinc)
1.5 V
D: 67 H: 172
Typical 20th century uses for this high capacity dry cell named for its 6-inch height include school science experiments, and starting glow plugmodel engines and in antique equipment. This dry cell is commonly used in the UK for remote level crossing telephone handsets, where solar cells and rechargeable batteries have not been specified or retrofitted. These were formerly used in primary cell powered alarms (those without mains power) and associated bell ringing, servant or nurse call systems, ignition systems, telephones,[242] to improve voice quality on long lines to the local switch by increasing the off hook line voltage, impulse wound clocks (once a minute a mechanical movement pulses to advance electrically driven hands), and (in pairs) in WWII US Navy battle lanterns.
Modern cells identified as alkaline may be one or more 'D'cells in a holder.
The terminal posts are threaded 8–32 (Unified Thread Standard), insulated terminal nuts are normally provided, conical profile helical spring terminals are added for specific applications. Stamped and formed sheet metal spring terminals for bare wire connections (fahnestock clips) were supplied for use with telephones; e.g., the Western Electric 'Blue Bell' KS-6456 printed in blue ink on a grey paper and the Eveready 'Colombia Gray Label' printed in red ink on grey paper.
+: centre; −: edge.
A Battery
Eveready 742
1.5 V
Metal tabs
H: 101.6 L: 63.5 W: 63.5
Used to provide power to the filament of a vacuum tube.
B Battery
Eveready 762-S
45 V
Threaded posts
H: 146 L: 104.8 W: 63.5
Used to supply plate voltage in vintage vacuum tube equipment. Origin of the term B+ for plate voltage power supplies.
Multiple B batteries may be connected in series to provide voltages as high as 300V DC.
Used in older instruments.[245] the RegencyTR-1 (first transistor radio) and old battery–capacitor flashes. These are also sometimes known as B batteries, but are very distinct from actual B cell batteries.
30-volt
Eveready 413
20F20 (Zn/MnO2)
210
140
30 V (20cells)
Flatround (one each end)
H: 64 L: 25 W: 15
Used in older instruments.[246] These were sometimes sold as Bbatteries for hearing aids and small radios.
45-volt
Eveready 415
30F20 (Zn/MnO2)
213
140
45 V (30cells)
Both on same end
H: 91 L: 26 W: 15
Used in older instruments.[247] Sometimes were sold as Bbatteries.
67.5-volt
Eveready 416
217
140
67.5 V (45cells)
Both on same end
H: 88 L: 33 W: 25
Used in older instruments.[248] Many of these were sold as Bbatteries for early transistor radios (before their function was replaced by the 9-volt PP3 battery).
PP series
The PP battery range
The PP (Power Pack) series was manufactured by Ever Ready in the UK (Eveready in the US). The series comprised multi-cell carbon-zinc batteries used for portable electronic devices. Most sizes are uncommon today; however, the PP3size (and to a lesser extent PP8, used in electric fencing, and PP9) is readily available.[249] The PP4 was cylindrical; all the other types were rectangular. Most had snap terminals as seen on the common PP3type. These came in two incompatible sizes, as is evident in some of the pictures below, those on larger, mostly older, battery types such as the PP9 being somewhat larger than those on the smaller batteries such as the PP3.
(V) = Nominal voltage
Image (with PP3/E-size for scale)
Names
Typical capacity (mAh)
(V)
Dimensions (mm)
Comments
PP
Other common
PP1
6
H: 55.6 L: 65.5 W: 55.6
This battery had two snap connectors spaced 35mm (1+3⁄8in) apart.
Center distance between terminals is max. 12.95mm with both offset 7mm nominal from the wider battery edge. Mass is 120g.
PP7
266 NEDA 1605 6135-99-914-1778 (NSN) IEC 6F90
2,500
9
H: 63 L: 46 W: 46
Center distance between terminals is max. 19.2mm. Mass is 200g.
PP8
SG8 "Fencer"
6
H: 200.8 L: 65.1 W: 51.6
This battery typically had two snap connectors; however, four[clarification needed] connector versions are available. They were spaced 35mm (1+3⁄8in) apart. This type of battery is sometimes used in electric fencing applications.
PP9
276 NEDA 1603 6135-99-945-6814 (NSN)
IEC 6F100
5,000
9
H: 81.0 L: 66.0 W: 52.0
This battery has two snap connectors spaced 35mm (1+3⁄8in) apart.
PP10
9
H: 226.0 L: 66.0 W: 66.0
This battery had two-pin connectors. They were a single ⌀3.2mm negative pin and a single ⌀4.0mm positive pin spaced 13.0mm apart.
PP11
4.5 + 4.5
H: 91.3 L: 65.1 W: 52.4
This battery contained two independent 4.5V batteries, and had a four-pin connector. 9V with a center tap was available by wiring in series. There were two ⌀3.2mm negative pins spaced 9.5mm apart and two ⌀4.0mm positive pins spaced 14.3mm apart. Negative and positive pins were spaced 18.1mm apart. It was used in some early transistor radio amplifiers with a Class B output stage, allowing the loud speaker to be connected between the amplifier output and the battery center tap.
A nickel–metal hydride battery is a type of rechargeable battery. The chemical reaction at the positive electrode is similar to that of the nickel-cadmium cell (NiCd), with both using nickel oxide hydroxide (NiOOH). However, the negative electrodes use a hydrogen-absorbing alloy instead of cadmium. NiMH batteries can have two to three times the capacity of NiCd batteries of the same size, with significantly higher energy density, although only about half that of lithium-ion batteries.
A lithium-ion or Li-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery that uses the reversible intercalation of Li+ ions into electronically conducting solids to store energy. In comparison with other commercial rechargeable batteries, Li-ion batteries are characterized by higher specific energy, higher energy density, higher energy efficiency, a longer cycle life, and a longer calendar life. Also noteworthy is a dramatic improvement in lithium-ion battery properties after their market introduction in 1991: within the next 30 years, their volumetric energy density increased threefold while their cost dropped tenfold.
Energizer Holdings, Inc. is an American manufacturer and one of the world's largest manufacturers of batteries, headquartered in St. Louis, Missouri. It produces batteries under the Energizer, Ray-O-Vac, Varta, and Eveready brand names and formerly owned several personal care businesses until it separated that side of the business into a new company called Edgewell Personal Care in 2015.
The AAA battery is a standard size of dry cell battery. One or more AAA batteries are commonly used in low-drain portable electronic devices. A zinc–carbon battery in this size is designated by IEC as R03, by ANSI C18.1 as 24, by old JIS standard as UM-4, and by other manufacturer and national standard designations that vary depending on the cell chemistry. The size was first introduced by The American Ever Ready Company in 1911. They're called #7 batteries in China, the name originating from the Burgess Battery Company designating his AAA batteries "Number 7".
The AA battery is a standard size single cell cylindrical dry battery. The IEC 60086 system calls the size R6, and ANSI C18 calls it 15. It is named UM-3 by JIS of Japan. Historically, it is known as D14, U12 – later U7, or HP7 in official documentation in the United Kingdom, or a pen cell.
In physics, energy density is the amount of energy stored in a given system or region of space per unit volume. It is sometimes confused with energy per unit mass which is properly called specific energy or gravimetric energy density.
The C battery is a standard size of dry cell battery typically used in medium-drain applications such as toys, flashlights, and musical instruments.
Nonvolatile BIOS memory refers to a small memory on PC motherboards that is used to store BIOS settings. It is traditionally called CMOS RAM because it uses a volatile, low-power complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) SRAM powered by a small "CMOS" battery when system and standby power is off. It is referred to as non-volatile memory or NVRAM because, after the system loses power, it does retain state by virtue of the CMOS battery.
Lithium metal batteries are primary batteries that have metallic lithium as an anode. The name intentionally refers to the metal to as to distinguish them from lithium-ion batteries, which use lithiated metal oxides as the cathode material. Although most lithium metal batteries are non-rechargeable, rechargeable lithium metal batteries are also under development. Since 2007, Dangerous Goods Regulations differentiate between lithium metal batteries and lithium-ion batteries.
The nine-volt battery, or 9-volt battery, is an electric battery that supplies a nominal voltage of 9 volts. Actual voltage measures 7.2 to 9.6 volts, depending on battery chemistry. Batteries of various sizes and capacities are manufactured; a very common size is known as PP3, introduced for early transistor radios. The PP3 has a rectangular prism shape with rounded edges and two polarized snap connectors on the top. This type is commonly used for many applications including household uses such as smoke and gas detectors, clocks, and toys.
VARTA AG is a German company manufacturing batteries for global automotive, industrial, and consumer markets.
A button cell, watch battery, or coin battery is a small single-cell battery shaped as a squat cylinder typically 5 to 25 mm in diameter and 1 to 6 mm high – resembling a button. Stainless steel usually forms the bottom body and positive terminal of the cell; insulated from it, the metallic top cap forms the negative terminal.
The A23 battery is a dry battery consisting of eight LR932 cells, with a nominal voltage of 12 V.
Eneloop is a brand of 1.2-volt low self-discharge nickel–metal hydride (NiMH) rechargeable batteries and accessories developed by Sanyo and introduced in 2005. Panasonic acquired a majority stake in Sanyo in 2009, and Eneloop batteries were thereafter branded, but not manufactured, by Panasonic.
This article is a progressive and labeled list of the SI electric charge orders of magnitude, with certain examples appended to some list objects.
An electric battery is a source of electric power consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external connections for powering electrical devices. When a battery is supplying power, its positive terminal is the cathode and its negative terminal is the anode. The terminal marked negative is the source of electrons that will flow through an external electric circuit to the positive terminal. When a battery is connected to an external electric load, a redox reaction converts high-energy reactants to lower-energy products, and the free-energy difference is delivered to the external circuit as electrical energy. Historically the term "battery" specifically referred to a device composed of multiple cells; however, the usage has evolved to include devices composed of a single cell.
This is a list of commercially-available battery types summarizing some of their characteristics for ready comparison.
Gigafactory Nevada is a lithium-ion battery and electric vehicle component factory in Storey County, Nevada, United States. The facility, located east of Reno, is owned and operated by Tesla, Inc. The factory supplies battery packs and drivetrain components for the company's electric vehicles, produces the Tesla Powerwall home energy storage device, and assembles the Tesla Semi. It is the largest and the first Tesla Gigafactory in the world. If fully built out, the building will have the largest footprint in the world.
The A27 battery is a dry cell-type battery used in some small remote controls and some cigarette lighters.
The lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxides (abbreviated as Li-NCA, LNCA, or NCA) are a group of mixed metal oxides. Some of them are important due to their application in lithium ion batteries. NCAs are used as active material in the positive electrode (which is the cathode when the battery is discharged). NCAs are composed of the cations of the chemical elements lithium, nickel, cobalt and aluminium. The compounds of this class have a general formula LiNixCoyAlzO2 with x + y + z = 1. In case of the NCA comprising batteries currently available on the market, which are also used in electric cars and electric appliances, x ≈ 0.8, and the voltage of those batteries is between 3.6 V and 4.0 V, at a nominal voltage of 3.6 V or 3.7 V. A version of the oxides currently in use in 2019 is LiNi0.84Co0.12Al0.04O2.
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