List of hornbills

Female great hornbill

Hornbills are birds in the families Bucerotidae and Bucorvidae. There are currently 62 extant species of hornbills recognised by the International Ornithologists' Union, two in Bucorvidae and 60 in Bucerotidae. ^[1] Many species of fossil hornbills are known from the Miocene onwards; however, their exact number and taxonomy are unsettled due to ongoing discoveries.

Conventions

IUCN Red List categories

Conservation status
EX	Extinct (0 species)
EW	Extinct in the wild (0 species)
CR	Critically Endangered (3 species)
EN	Endangered (4 species)
VU	Vulnerable (18 species)
NT	Near threatened (5 species)
LC	Least concern (17 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the hornbill's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IOC World Bird List for that species unless otherwise noted. Population estimates are of the number of mature individuals and are taken from the IUCN Red List.

This list follows the taxonomic treatment (designation and order of species) and nomenclature (scientific and common names) of version 13.2 of the IOC World Bird List. ^[1] Where the taxonomy proposed by the IOC World Bird List conflicts with the taxonomy followed by the IUCN ^{[lower-alpha 1]} or the 2023 edition of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, ^[3] the disagreement is noted next to the species's common name (for nomenclatural disagreements) or scientific name (for taxonomic disagreements).

Classification

The International Ornithologists' Union (IOU) recognises 62 species of hornbills in across two families and fifteen genera. ^[1] This list does not include hybrid species, extinct prehistoric species, or putative species not yet accepted by the IOU.

• Family Bucorvidae
  • Genus Bucorvus : two species
• Family Bucerotidae
  • Genus Tockus : ten species
  • Genus Lophoceros : eight species
  • Genus Bycanistes : six species
  • Genus Ceratogymna : two species
  • Genus Horizocerus : two species
  • Genus Berenicornis : one species
  • Genus Buceros : three species
  • Genus Rhinoplax : one species
  • Genus Anthracoceros : five species
  • Genus Ocyceros : three species
  • Genus Anorrhinus : three species
  • Genus Aceros : one species
  • Genus Rhyticeros : six species
  • Genus Rhabdotorrhinus : four species
  • Genus Penelopides : five species

Hornbills

Bucorvidae

Genus Bucorvus – Lesson, 1830 – 2 species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	IUCN status and estimated population
Abyssinian ground hornbill	B. abyssinicus (Boddaert, 1783)	Africa	VU  Unknown [4]
Southern ground hornbill	B. leadbeateri (Vigors, 1825)	Southern and East Africa	VU  Unknown [5]

Bucerotidae

Genus Tockus – Lesson, R. P., 1830 – 10 species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	IUCN status and estimated population
Tanzanian red-billed hornbill	T. ruahae Kemp and Delport, 2002	Central Tanzania	NE  Unknown
Western red-billed hornbill	T. kempi Tréca & Érard, 2000	West Africa	NE  Unknown
Damara red-billed hornbill	T. damarensis (Shelley, 1888)	Southern Africa	LC  Unknown [6]
Southern red-billed hornbill	T. rufirostris (Sundevall, 1850)	Southern Africa	NE  Unknown
Northern red-billed hornbill	T. erythrorhynchus (Temminck, 1823)	Africa	NE  Unknown
Monteiro's hornbill	T. monteiri Hartlaub, 1865	Angola and Namibia	LC  Unknown [7]
Von der Decken's hornbill	T. deckeni (Cabanis, 1868)	East Africa	LC  Unknown [8]
Jackson's hornbill	T. jacksoni (Ogilvie-Grant, 1891)	East Africa	LC  Unknown [9]
Southern yellow-billed hornbill	T. leucomelas (Lichtenstein, M. H. C., 1842) Two subspecies T. l. elegans T. l. leucomelas	Southern Africa	LC  Unknown [10]
Eastern yellow-billed hornbill	T. flavirostris (Rüppell, 1835)	East Africa	LC  Unknown [11]

Genus Lophoceros – Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833 – 8 species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	IUCN status and estimated population
Bradfield's hornbill	L. bradfieldi (Roberts, 1930)	Southern Africa	LC  Unknown [12]
Crowned hornbill	L. alboterminatus Büttikofer, 1889	Africa	LC  Unknown [13]
West African pied hornbill	L. semifasciatus (Hartlaub, 1855)	West Africa	LC  Unknown [14]
Congo pied hornbill	L. fasciatus (Shaw, 1812)	Central Africa	LC  Unknown [15]
Hemprich's hornbill	L. hemprichii (Ehrenberg, 1833)	East Africa	LC  Unknown [16]
African grey hornbill	L. nasutus (Linnaeus, 1766) Two subspecies L. n. nasutus L. n. epirhinus	Africa	LC  Unknown [17]
Red-billed dwarf hornbill	L. camurus (Cassin, 1857)	East Africa	LC  Unknown [18]
Pale-billed hornbill	L. pallidirostris (Hartlaub and Finsch, 1870) Two subspecies L. p. pallidirostris L. p. neumanni	Southern Africa	LC  Unknown [19]

Genus Bycanistes – Cabanis and Heine, 1860 – 6 species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	IUCN status and estimated population
Piping hornbill	B. fistulator (Cassin, 1850) Three subspecies B. f. fistulator B. f. sharpii B. f. duboisi	West and Central Africa	LC  Unknown [20]
Trumpeter hornbill	B. bucinator (Temminck, 1824)	Southern and East Africa	LC  Unknown [21]
Brown-cheeked hornbill	B. cylindricus (Temminck, 1831)	West Africa	VU  Unknown [22]
White-thighed hornbill	B. albotibialis (Cassin and Reichenow, 1877)	Central Africa	LC  Unknown [23]
Black-and-white-casqued hornbill	B. subcylindricus (Sclater, P. L., 1871) Two subspecies B. s. subcylindricus B. s. subquadratus	Central and West Africa	LC  Unknown [24]
Silvery-cheeked hornbill	B. brevis Friedmann, 1929	East Africa	LC  Unknown [25]

Genus Ceratogymna – Bonaparte, 1854 – 2 species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	IUCN status and estimated population
Black-casqued hornbill	C. atrata (Temminck, 1835)	West and Central Africa	VU  8,000–9,000 [26]
Yellow-casqued hornbill	C. elata (Temminck, 1831)	West and Central Africa	LC  Unknown [27]

Genus Horizocerus – Oberholser, 1899 – 2 species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	IUCN status and estimated population
Black dwarf hornbill	H. hartlaubi (Gould, 1861) Two subspecies H. h. hartlaubi H. h. granti	Central and West Africa	LC  Unknown [28]
White-crested hornbill	H. albocristatus (Cassin, 1848) Three subspecies H. a. albocristatus H. a. macrourus H. a. cassini	Central and West Africa	LC  Unknown [29]

Genus Berenicornis – Bonaparte, 1850 – 1 species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	IUCN status and estimated population
White-crowned hornbill	B. comatus (Raffles, 1822)	Southeast Asia	EN  Unknown [30]

Genus Buceros – Linnaeus, 1758 – 3 species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	IUCN status and estimated population
Rhinoceros hornbill	B. rhinoceros Linnaeus, 1758 Three subspecies B. r. borneoensis B. r. rhinoceros B. r. silvestris	Southeast Asia	VU  Unknown [31]
Great hornbill	B. bicornis Linnaeus, 1758	South and Southeast Asia	VU  13,000–27,000 [32]
Rufous hornbill	B. hydrocorax Linnaeus, 1766 Three subspecies B. h. hydrocorax B. h. semigaleatus B. h. mindanensis	Philippines	VU  Unknown [33] [34]

Genus Rhinoplax – Gloger, 1841 – 1 species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	IUCN status and estimated population
Helmeted hornbill	R. vigil (Pennant, 1781)	Southeast Asia	CR  Unknown [35]

Genus Anthracoceros – Reichenbach, 1849 – 5 species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	IUCN status and estimated population
Palawan hornbill	A. marchei Oustalet, 1885	Palawan and surrounding islands	VU  2,500–9,999 [36]
Oriental pied hornbill	A. albirostris (Shaw, 1808) Two subspecies A. a. albirostris A. a. convexus	South and Southeast Asia	LC  Unknown [37]
Malabar pied hornbill	A. coronatus (Boddaert, 1783)	India and Sri Lanka	NT  Unknown [38]
Sulu hornbill	A. montani (Oustalet, 1880)	Sulu Archipelago	CR  1–49 [39]
Black hornbill	A. malayanus (Raffles, 1822)	Southeast Asia	VU  Unknown [40]

Genus Ocyceros – Hume, 1873 – 3 species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	IUCN status and estimated population
Malabar grey hornbill	O. griseus (Latham, 1790)	Southwestern India	VU  Unknown [41]
Sri Lanka grey hornbill	O. gingalensis (Shaw, 1812)	Sri Lanka	LC  Unknown [42]
Indian grey hornbill	O. birostris (Scopoli, 1786)	India and Nepal	LC  Unknown [43]

Genus Anorrhinus – Reichenbach, 1849 – 3 species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	IUCN status and estimated population
Tickell's brown hornbill	A. tickelli (Blyth, 1855)	Myanmar and Thailand	NT  2,500–9,999 [44]
Austen's brown hornbill	A. austeni Jerdon, 1872	Indochina	NT  Unknown [45]
Bushy-crested hornbill	A. galeritus (Temminck, 1831)	Southeast India	NT  Unknown [46]

Genus Aceros – Hodgson, 1844 – 1 species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	IUCN status and estimated population
Rufous-necked hornbill	A. nipalensis (Vigors, 1825)	Northwest India and Indochina	VU  7,000–10,000 [47]

Genus Rhyticeros – Reichenbach, 1849 – 6 species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	IUCN status and estimated population
Blyth's hornbill	R. plicatus (Pennant, 1781)	Moluccas and Oceania	VU  Unknown [48]
Narcondam hornbill	R. narcondami Hume, 1873	Narcondam Island	VU  300–650 [49]
Wreathed hornbill	R. undulatus (Shaw, 1811)	South and Southeast Asia	VU  Unknown [50]
Sumba hornbill	R. everetti Rothschild, 1898	Sumba Island	VU  1,000–2,000 [51]
Plain-pouched hornbill	R. subruficollis (Blyth, 1843)	Southeast Asia	VU  1,500–7,000 [52]
Knobbed hornbill	R. cassidix (Temminck, 1823)	Sulawesi and surrounding islands	VU  Unknown [53]

Genus Rhabdotorrhinus – Meyer, A. B. and Wiglesworth, 1898 – 4 species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	IUCN status and estimated population
Walden's hornbill	R. waldeni (Sharpe, 1877)	Panay and Negros	CR  1,000–2,499 [54]
Writhed hornbill	R. leucocephalus (Vieillot, 1816)	Mindanao	NT  Unknown [55]
Sulawesi hornbill	R. exarhatus (Temminck, 1823) Two subspecies R. e. exarhatus R. e. sanfordi	Sulawesi	VU  Unknown [56]
Wrinkled hornbill	R. corrugatus (Temminck, 1832)	Southeast Asia	EN  Unknown [57]

Genus Penelopides – Reichenbach, 1849 – 5 species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	IUCN status and estimated population
Luzon hornbill	P. manillae (Boddaert, 1783) Two subspecies P. m. manillae P. m. sanfordi	Luzon and surrounding islands	LC  Unknown [58]
Mindoro hornbill	P. mindorensis Steere, 1890	Mindoro	EN  250–999 [59]
Mindanao hornbill	P. affinis Tweeddale, 1877 Two subspecies P. a. affinis P. a. basilanicus	Mindanao and surrounding islands	LC  Unknown [60]
Samar hornbill	P. corrugatus Steere, 1890	Eastern Visayas	NE  Unknown
Visayan hornbill	P. panini (Boddaert, 1783) Two subspecies P. p. ticaensis P. p. panini	Western Visayas	EN  1,200 [61]

Notes

1. The IUCN follows the taxonomy proposed by the HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist. ^[2]

References

1. Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (July 2023). "Mousebirds, cuckoo roller, trogons, hoopoes, hornbills". IOC World Bird List. v 13.2. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
2. "Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 7". HBW and BirdLife International. 2022. Archived from the original on 25 September 2019. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
3. Clements, James F.; Schulenberg, T. S.; Iliff, M. J.; Fredericks, T. A.; Gerbracht, J. A.; Lepage, Denis; Billerman, S. M.; Sullivan, B. L.; Wood, C. L. (2022). "The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2022". Clements Checklist. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
4. BirdLife International (2018). "Bucorvus abyssinicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T22682632A132204438. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22682632A132204438.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
5. BirdLife International (2016). "Bucorvus leadbeateri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22682638A92955067. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682638A92955067.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
6. BirdLife International (2016). "Tockus damarensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22725940A94906853. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22725940A94906853.en . Retrieved 7 September 2023.
7. BirdLife International (2016). "Tockus monteiri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22682367A92942465. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682367A92942465.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
8. BirdLife International (2016). "Tockus deckeni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22682392A92943252. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682392A92943252.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
9. BirdLife International (2016). "Tockus jacksoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22682388A92943069. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682388A92943069.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
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11. BirdLife International (2016). "Tockus flavirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22682379A92942633. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682379A92942633.en . Retrieved 13 November 2021.
12. BirdLife International (2016). "Lophoceros bradfieldi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22682400A92943713. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682400A92943713.en . Retrieved 11 November 2021.
13. BirdLife International (2016). "Lophoceros alboterminatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22682396A92943440. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682396A92943440.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
14. BirdLife International (2017). "Lophoceros semifasciatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T61612971A118859362. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T61612971A118859362.en . Retrieved 16 July 2023.
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20. BirdLife International (2018). "Bycanistes fistulator". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T22725962A132234122. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22725962A132234122.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
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26. BirdLife International (2016). "Ceratogymna atrata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22682621A92954110. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682621A92954110.en . Retrieved 11 November 2021.
27. BirdLife International (2016). "Ceratogymna elata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22682627A92954374. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682627A92954374.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
28. BirdLife International (2016). "Horizocerus hartlaubi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22727003A94938049. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22727003A94938049.en . Retrieved 13 November 2021.
29. BirdLife International (2016). "Horizocerus albocristatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22725946A94907044. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22725946A94907044.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
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33. BirdLife International (2020). "Buceros hydrocorax". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T22727019A184595905. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22727019A184595905.en . Retrieved 18 January 2022.
34. BirdLife International (2020). "Buceros mindanensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T22727029A184597693. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22727029A184597693.en . Retrieved 18 January 2022.
35. BirdLife International (2020). "Rhinoplax vigil". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T22682464A184587039. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682464A184587039.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
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37. BirdLife International (2020). "Anthracoceros albirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T22682437A184925767. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682437A184925767.en . Retrieved 26 January 2022.
38. BirdLife International (2016). "Anthracoceros coronatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22682433A92945240. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682433A92945240.en . Retrieved 13 November 2021.
39. BirdLife International (2020). "Anthracoceros montani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T22682447A178062684. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682447A178062684.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
40. BirdLife International (2018). "Anthracoceros malayanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T22682441A132372259. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22682441A132372259.en . Retrieved 18 November 2021.
41. BirdLife International (2020). "Ocyceros griseus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T22682421A182384253. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682421A182384253.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
42. BirdLife International (2020). "Ocyceros gingalensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T22682425A184955003. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682425A184955003.en . Retrieved 11 November 2021.
43. BirdLife International (2020). "Ocyceros birostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T22682429A184951065. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682429A184951065.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
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47. BirdLife International (2020). "Aceros nipalensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T22682510A176267243. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
48. BirdLife International (2020). "Rhyticeros plicatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T22682544A184674368. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682544A184674368.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
49. BirdLife International (2020). "Rhyticeros narcondami". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T22682531A182554475. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682531A182554475.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
50. BirdLife International (2018). "Rhyticeros undulatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T22682528A132400385. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22682528A132400385.en . Retrieved 26 January 2022.
51. BirdLife International (2020). "Rhyticeros everetti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T22682535A184201170. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682535A184201170.en . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
52. BirdLife International (2017). "Rhyticeros subruficollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T22682541A117572163. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22682541A117572163.en . Retrieved 13 November 2021.
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