 | This article needs additional citations for verification .(December 2019) |
The following is a list of spans, either used for overhead line crossings of rivers, sea straits or valleys, as antenna or for aerial tramways.
 |
At these spans the sag of the conductors is less than the height of the pylons
At these spans, the pylons are situated on the tops of mountains, so the topography determines the height of the lines. Because of this it is possible that the span pylons can be lower than the height of the line at point of largest sag.
| Crossing | Country | Location | Height of pylons | Span width, leaning straight line [meter] | Span width, horizontal measurement [meter] | Height of conductors over ground | Year of inauguration | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ameralik Span | Greenland | Ameralik Fjord | 18 m | 5376 m | ? | 128 m | 1993 | |
| Sognefjord Span 1 (66 kV) | Norway | Sognefjord | 13 m | 4850 m | ? | 60 m | 1956 | |
| Sognefjord Span 2 (300 kV) | Norway | Sognefjord | 15–22 m | 4520 m | ? | 60 m | 1967 | |
| Sognefjord Span 3 (300 kV) | Norway | Sognefjord | 18–20 m | 4500 m | ? | 67 m | 1975 | |
| Langfjorden Span (132 kV) | Norway | Langfjorden | 26 m | 3973 m | ? | 55 m | 1968 | |
| Sunndalsfjorden Span (300/420 kV) | Norway | Sunndalsfjorden | 19–24 m | 3920 m | ? | 45 m | 1972/2004 | Two parallel powerlines. 8 cables, 2 reserve. |
| Igaliku Span | Greenland | Igaliku Fjord | ? | 3599 m | 2007? | 63.4 m | ? | |
| Kootenay Lake Crossing | Canada | Kootenay Lake | 19 m (until 1962: 112 m tower at eastern shore) | 3421 m (until 1962: 3248 m) | ? | 37 m | 1952 | large tower at eastern end destroyed by terrorist attack in 1962, replaced by higher-elevated small towers resulting in a longer span |
| Fjærlandsfjorden Span 2 (132 kV) | Norway | Fjærlandsfjorden | 20–21 m | 3350 m | ? | 330 m | 1985? | |
| Hjørundfjorden Span (420 kV) | Norway | Hjørundfjorden | 26–28 m | 3270 m | ? | 70 m | 2015 | Replaced a 132 kV line in same position |
| Nordfjord Span 3 (420 kV) | Norway | Nordfjorden | 25 m | 3150 m | ? | 170 m | 2015 | |
| Saltery Bay Span | Canada | Powell River, British Columbia | ? m | 3100 m | ? | ? m | ? | |
| Nordfjord Span 2 (132 kV) | Norway | Nordfjorden | 11 m | 3050 m | ? | ? | 2015 | |
| Fjærlandsfjorden Span 3 (420 kV) | Norway | Fjærlandsfjorden | 25–30 m | 3030 m | ? | 74 m | 2016 | Replaced a 132 kV line in almost same position |
| Holandsfjord Span (420 kV) | Norway | Holandsfjord | 21 m | 3020 m | ? | 228 m | 1992 | |
| Storfjord Span (420 kV) | Norway | Storfjorden | 26–27 m | 2970 m | ? | 69 m | 2015 | Replaced a 132 kV line in almost same position |
| Austefjord Span (420 kV) | Norway | Austefjorden | 26–29 m | 2950 m | ? | 151 m | 2015 | |
| Glomfjord Span (420 kV) | Norway | Glomfjorden | 24–25 m | 2950 m | ? | 51 m | 1994 | |
| Hardangerfjord Span (300 kV) | Norway | Hardangerfjord | 18–20 m | 2880 m | ? | 65 m | 1968 | 3.5 km southwest of Jondal |
| Glomfjord Span (132 kV) | Norway | Glomfjorden | 14 m | 2830 m | ? | 42 m | 1969 | |
| Granvinfjord Span (420 kV) | Norway | Granvinfjord | 26–30 m | 2830 m | ? | 345 m | 2013 | Part of Sima-Samnanger line |
| Hellmofjord Span (420 kV) | Norway | Hellmofjord | 25–26 m | 2810 m | ? | 227 m | 1987 | |
| Holandsfjord Span (132 kV) | Norway | Holandsfjord | 13 m | 2690 m | ? | 64 m | 1968 | |
| Langenuen Span (300 kV) | Norway | Langenuen | 30 m | 2620 m | ? | 140 m | 1982 | |
| Fjærlandsfjorden Span 1 (66 kV) | Norway | Fjærlandsfjorden | 12–15 m | 2510 m | ? | 50 m | 1950 | |
| Lake Eildon | Australia | Eildon | ? | 2222 m | 2222 m | 40.5 m | ? | [3] |
| Osafjord Span (420 kV) | Norway | Osafjord | 30–32 m | 2220 m | ? | 540 m | 2013 | Part of Sima-Samnanger line |
| Hornindal Lake Span (420 kV) | Norway | Hornindal lake | 24 m | 2200 m | ? | ? | 2015 | |
| Fyksesund Span (420 kV) | Norway | Fyksesund | 28–30 m | 2070 m | ? | ? | 2013 | Part of Sima-Samnanger line |
| Nordfjord Span 1 (66 kV) | Norway | Nordfjorden | 6–9 m | 2030 m | ? | 60 m | 1963? | |
| Tory Channel Crossing | New Zealand | Tory Channel | ? m | 2029 m | ? | 60 m | 1982 | Longest span in New Zealand. |
| Kobbefjord Span | Greenland | Kobbefjord | ? | 1912 m | ? | 63.4 m | 1993 | |
| Bjærangfjorden Span (132 kV) | Norway | Bjærangfjorden | 13 m | 2010 m | ? | 32 m | 1968? | |
| Kangerlluarsuk Span | Greenland | Kangerlluarsuk | ? | 2005 m | ? | 23.5 m | ? | |
| Tunulliarfik Span | Greenland | Tunulliarfik | ? | 2005 m | ? | 23.5 m | ? | |
| Sansum Narrows HVDC Powerline Crossing | Canada | Sansum Narrows | ? m | 1900 m | ? | ? | 1968 | Part of HVDC Vancouver Island |
| Eyachtal Span | Germany | Höfen | 70 m | 1444 m | ? | ? | 1992 | Longest span of Germany |
| Enztal Crossing Calmbach | Germany | Calmbach | 72.27 m (eastern end), 70.59 m (western end) | 1372.65 m | ? | ? | 1992 | |
| Carquinez Strait Powerline Crossing | United States | Benicia | 68 m + 20 m | 1350 m | ? | ? | 1901 | |
| Künzelsau Kocher Valley Span | Germany | Künzelsau | 67.03 m (southern end), 67.8 m (northern end) | 995 m | ? | ? | ? | |
| Nagold Valley Span | Germany | Bad Liebenzell | 40 m (western end), 54 m (eastern end) | 941 m | ? | ? | ? | |
| Neckar Crossing Sulz | Germany | Sulz | 61 m | 891 m | ? | ? | 1976 | Powerline for traction current (single phase AC, 16.67 Hz, 110 kV) |
| Neckar Crossing Weitingen | Germany | Weitingen | 61 m | 864 m | ? | ? | 1976 | Powerline for traction current (single phase AC, 16.67 Hz, 110 kV) |
| Rhine Powerline Crossing Hirzenach-Oberkestert | Germany | Hirzenach/Oberkestert | ? m | 734 m | ? | ? | ? | |
| Wiesensteig Fils Valley Crossing | Germany | Wiesensteig | 47 m (northern end), 52.52 m (southern end) | 725 m | ? | ? | 1954 |
| Crossing | Country | City | Height of pylons | Span width, leaning straight line | Span width, horizontal measurement | Height of conductors over ground | Year of inauguration | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Herzogstand Radio Station | Germany | Kochel am See | ? | 2700 m | 2580 m | ? | 1920 | dismantled in 1934 |
| Jim Creek Naval Radio Station | U.S. | Oso, Washington | 61 m | ? | 2500 m | ? | 1953 | |
| Omega transmitter Bratland | Norway | Bratland | ? | 3500 m / 3300 m | ? | ? | 1966 | dismantled |
| Omega transmitter Trinidad | Trinidad | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | dismantled |
| Omega transmitter Haiku | U.S. | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | dismantled |
| Malabar Radio Station | Indonesia | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | dismantled |
| Noviken VLF Transmitter | Norway | Gildeskål | ? | 2375 m | ? | ? | ? | VLF-transmitter |
| ICV-transmitter on Tavolara, Span 1 | Italy | Tavolara | 133 m/114 m | ? | 1000 m | ? | 1962 | VLF-transmitter |
| ICV-transmitter on Tavolara, Span 2 | Italy | Tavolara | 133 m/114 m | ? | 1100 m | ? | 1962 | VLF-transmitter |
| ICV-transmitter on Tavolara, Span 3 | Italy | Tavolara | 133 m /<100 m | ? | 1100 m | ? | 1962 | VLF-transmitter |
| 3SA-transmitter | China | Changde | ? | 2470 m | ? | VLF-transmitter with multiple spans | ||
| Portofino transmitter | Italy | Portofino | 130 m / 5 m | ? | 590 m | ? | ? | Mediumwave broadcasting antenna fixed on span |
| Tramway | Country | City | Height of pylons | Span width, leaning straight line | Span width, horizontal measurement | Height of cable over ground | Year of inauguration | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zugspitze Cable Car | Germany | Garmisch-Partenkirchen | 127 m | 3213 m | ? | ? | 2017 | Constructed by Doppelmayr Garaventa Group |
| Peak 2 Peak Gondola | Canada | Whistler | 65 m | 3024 m | 3019 m | 436 m | 2008 | 3S Aerial Tramway constructed by Doppelmayr |
| Aiguille du Midi | France | Chamonix | none | 2867 m | 2500 m | ? | 1955 | 2nd Section |
| Vallee Blanche Aerial Tramway | France | Mont Blanc | none | 2831 m | 2830 m | appr. 300 m | 1958 | Rock anchored support structure; main span is almost horizontal |
| Pic du Midi - Taoulet cable car | France | Pic du Midi de Bigorre | none | 2628 m | 2580 m | ? | 1998 | [4] [5] |
| 3S Aerial Tramway | Austria | Kitzbühel | 0 m, 80 m | 2507 m | ? | 400 m | 2004 | |
| Sandia Peak Tramway | USA | Albuquerque | 70.7 m, 21.33 m | 2353 m | ? | 274 m | 1966 | |
| Vanoise Express | France | Vanoise | none | 1850 m | 1800 m | 380 m | 2003 | |
| Black Angel Ropeway | Greenland | Maamorilik | none | ? m | 1220 m | 18 m | ||
| Hut of Regensburg Material Transport Aerial Railway | Austria | Falbeson | ? | ? | ? | 430 m | ? | |
| Feldmoos-Chli-Titlis Aerial Tramway | Switzerland | Titlis | 37.6 m | (3476,2 m) | ? | ? | 1979 | Temp. site tramway, demolished in 1986 |
| Tyrolean | Country | City | Height of pylons | Span width, leaning straight line | Span width, horizontal measurement | Height of cable over ground | Year of inauguration | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tyrolienne Millau 2013 | France | Millau | N/A | 2 163 m | 2 131 m | 170 m unloaded rope | 2013 | Longest tyrolean with caving ropes from May 2013. Crossing residential zones, main road, 20 kV powerline. Near to Viaduc de Millau |
| Tyrolean | Bulgaria | N/A | N/A | 1 594 m | 1 550 m | N/A m | 2008 | Longest tyrolean with caving ropes from October 2008. |
| Tyrolienne Pierre Rias | France | Vercors | N/A | 1 122 m | 1 096 m | Mini 35 m | 2008 | Longest tyrolean with caving ropes before October 2008, calculated and built by Speleo Secours Français |
| Velky Traversz | Slovakia | Zadiel Gorge | N/A | 850 m | 847 m | 320 m | 1996 | Previous longest tyrolean with caving ropes |
| Tyrolienne MJC Rodez | France | Rodez | N/A | 800 m | 795 m | around 80 m | 2010 | Longest tyrolean in urban site with caving ropes |
| Name | Country | City | Height of pylons | Span width, leaning straight line | Span width, horizontal measurement | Height of cable over ground | Year of inauguration | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Star of Moustiers-Sainte-Marie | France | Moustiers-Sainte-Marie | N/A | 227 m | ? | 250 m | ? | |
| Straussee Ferry | Germany | Strausberg | 9.7 m/ 9.6 m | 370 m | 370 m | 5.8 m | 1915 | Longest span used for direct power supply of a vehicle |
| Oberndorf Aircraft Barrier | Germany | Oberndorf am Neckar | N/A | 1000 m | 1000 m | ? | 1942 | 2 spans across Neckar Valley, at which in a distance of 20 metres ropes with weights were fixed in order to protect Mauser works from air raids, dismantled in 1945 |
| Rosary of Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes and Praise | Brazil | Ituporanga | 40 m | 12 m | ? | 2022 | Largest rosary of the world, spun between two towers |
A cable-stayed bridge has one or more towers, from which cables support the bridge deck. A distinctive feature are the cables or stays, which run directly from the tower to the deck, normally forming a fan-like pattern or a series of parallel lines. This is in contrast to the modern suspension bridge, where the cables supporting the deck are suspended vertically from the main cable, anchored at both ends of the bridge and running between the towers. The cable-stayed bridge is optimal for spans longer than cantilever bridges and shorter than suspension bridges. This is the range within which cantilever bridges would rapidly grow heavier, and suspension bridge cabling would be more costly.
The Millau Viaduct is a multispan cable-stayed bridge completed in 2004 across the gorge valley of the Tarn near Millau in the Aveyron department in the Occitanie Region, in Southern France. The design team was led by engineer Michel Virlogeux and English architect Norman Foster. As of October 2023, it is the tallest bridge in the world, having a structural height of 336.4 metres (1,104 ft).
The Rio–Antirrio Bridge, officially the Charilaos Trikoupis Bridge, is one of the world's longest multi-span cable-stayed bridges and longest of the fully suspended type. It crosses the Gulf of Corinth near Patras, linking the town of Rio on the Peloponnese peninsula to Antirrio on mainland Greece by road. It opened one day before the Athens 2004 Summer Olympics, on 12 August 2004, and was used to transport the Olympic flame.
A transmission tower is a tall structure, usually a lattice tower made of steel that is used to support an overhead power line. In electrical grids, transmission towers carry high-voltage transmission lines that transport bulk electric power from generating stations to electrical substations, from which electricity is delivered to end consumers; moreover, utility poles are used to support lower-voltage sub-transmission and distribution lines that transport electricity from substations to electricity customers.
The Pylons of Messina are two free-standing steel towers, the Sicilian one in Torre Faro and the Calabrian one in Villa San Giovanni. They were used from 1955 to 1994 to carry a 220 kilovolt power line across the Strait of Messina, between the Scilla substation in Calabria on the Italian mainland at 38°14′42″N15°40′59″E and the Messina-Santo substation in Sicily at 38°15′57″N15°39′04″E.
An overhead line crossing is the crossing of an obstacle—such as a traffic route, a river, a valley or a strait—by an overhead power line. The style of crossing depends on the local conditions and regulations at the time the power line is constructed. Overhead line crossings can sometimes require extensive construction and can also have operational issues. In such cases, those in charge of construction should consider whether a crossing of the obstacle would be better accomplished by an underground or submarine cable.
Navigable aqueducts are bridge structures that carry navigable waterway canals over other rivers, valleys, railways or roads. They are primarily distinguished by their size, carrying a larger cross-section of water than most water-supply aqueducts. Roman aqueducts were used to transport water and were created in Ancient Rome. The 662-metre (2,172 ft) long steel Briare aqueduct carrying the Canal latéral à la Loire over the River Loire was built in 1896. It was ranked as the longest navigable aqueduct in the world for more than a century, until the Magdeburg Water Bridge in Germany took the title in the early 21st century.
An extradosed bridge employs a structure that combines the main elements of both a prestressed box girder bridge and a cable-stayed bridge. The name comes from the word extrados, the exterior or upper curve of an arch, and refers to how the "stay cables" on an extradosed bridge are not considered as such in the design, but are instead treated as external prestressing tendons deviating upward from the deck. In this concept, they remain part of the main bridge superstructure.
The Sungai Johor Bridge is an expressway bridge across Johor River on Senai–Desaru Expressway in Johor, Malaysia. The 1.7 km single plane cable stayed bridge connects Pulau Juling in Johor Bahru District in the west to Tanjung Penyabong in Kota Tinggi District in the east. Opened on 10 June 2011, it has the longest central span of any river bridge in Malaysia, followed by Batang Sadong Bridge in Sarawak. The bridge is also the longest single plane cable-stayed bridge in Malaysia.
The Yangtze River power line crossings are overhead power lines that cross the Yangtze River in China. There are at least three power line crossings on the Yangtze River at Jiangyin, Nanjing, and Wuhu. The towers of the crossing in Jiangyin are among the highest in the world.
Aust Severn Powerline Crossing is the longest overhead power line span in the United Kingdom with a length of 1,618 m (5,308 ft).
The Yangpu Bridge is a sister bridge to the Nanpu Bridge, both crossing the Huangpu River in Shanghai, China. Yangpu is among the world's longest bridges, with a total length of 8354 meters. Its longest span of 602 m makes it one of the longest cable-stayed bridges in the world. It carries the Inner Ring Road from the Yangpu District in Puxi to the Pudong New Area. It was completed in September 1993 and opened in October. It is the last vehicular bridge over the Huangpu River before the river empties into the sea.
This is the timeline of the three longest man-made spans in the world, all categories, that at least have the strength to carry some persons. It can be the span of any type of bridge, aerial tramway, power line, structural ceiling or dome etc.
Nivedita Setu is a multi-span extradosed bridge that was built over Hooghly River connecting Howrah with Kolkata,West Bengal. It runs parallel to and about 50 m downstream of the old Vivekananda Setu opened in 1932. The bridge is named after Sister Nivedita, the social worker-disciple of Swami Vivekananda. Belghoria Expressway that connects the meeting point of NH 16 with NH 19 at Dankuni to NH 12, NH 112, Dumdum/Kolkata Airport and northern parts of Kolkata passes over the bridge. The bridge is designed to carry 48,000 vehicles per day.
Vidyasagar Setu, also known as the Second Hooghly Bridge, is a toll bridge over the Hooghly River in West Bengal, India, linking the cities of Kolkata and Howrah.
Poya Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge in Fribourg, Switzerland. The bridge is 851.6 metres (2,794 ft) in overall length with a 196 m (643 ft) main span over the Sarine River, which is the longest main span in Switzerland. The bridge was built to remove traffic from the Zaehringen Bridge and adjacent neighborhoods and upon opening, on 12 October 2014, the Zaehringen Bridge was closed to most motor vehicles.