Livestreamed crime

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Livestreamed crime is a phenomenon in which people publicly livestream, (upload video and/or audio in real time) criminal acts on social media platforms such as Twitch or Facebook Live.

Contents

Due to the fact that livestreams are accessible instantaneously, it is difficult to quickly detect and moderate violent content, and almost impossible to protect the privacy of victims or bystanders. [1] [2] [3] [4] Livestreaming crime allows anyone from the public to become a distant witness. [5]

History

In April 2016, Marina Lonina, age 18; and Raymond Gates, age 29, were arrested in Ohio, US on charges that Gates raped an underage friend of Lonina's while Lonina live streamed the crime on Periscope. [6] [7] The prosecutor pointed out that Lonina, who was taken advantage of by a much older man, had become "caught up" in her excitement over the number of "likes" she was getting, and is shown on screen "laughing and giggling". [6] Joss Wright of the Oxford Internet Institute pointed out that, given the "volume of content being created and uploaded every day, [there] is almost no practical way to prevent content like this being uploaded and shared". [7]

By May, The New York Times was including the Periscope rape as one of a series of recent cases in which crimes were live streamed. These included one in which a young woman in Égly, France, speaks via Periscope about her distress and suicidal thoughts and is apparently encouraged by viewers to kill herself, which she does by throwing herself under a train. Also included was the case of two teenagers who live stream themselves bragging and laughing as they beat up a drunken man in a bar in Bordeaux, France. [8]

Types

Cybersex trafficking

Cybersex trafficking, also referred to as live streaming sexual abuse, [9] [10] [11] involves sex trafficking and the live streaming of coerced sexual abuse and or rape on webcam. [12] [13] [14] Victims are abducted, threatened, or deceived and transferred to "cybersex dens". [15] [16] [17] The dens can be in any location where the cybersex traffickers have a computer, tablet, or phone with Internet connection. [13] Perpetrators use social media networks, videoconferences, pornographic video sharing websites, dating pages, online chat rooms, apps, dark web sites, [18] and other platforms. [19] They use online payment systems [18] [20] [21] and cryptocurrencies to hide their identities. [22] Millions of reports of its occurrence are sent to authorities annually. [23] New laws and police procedures are needed to combat this type of cybercrime. [24]

War crimes and cyberterrorism

A war crime is the act of breaking the laws of war, and in recent years, there have been more instances of people or groups live-streaming such acts to instill fear into the public. Some groups create websites or use the dark web to host these live streams.[ citation needed ][ examples needed ] Many times, the videos are of hostages or prisoners of war that are used as leverage or as a means of exerting fear and control.[ examples needed ]

Instances

2008

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

See also

Related Research Articles

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References

  1. ↑ Lehigh University (3 August 2016). "Live-streaming crime How will Facebook Live and Periscope challenge US privacy law?". ScienceDaily . Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  2. ↑ Stewart, D. R. C.; Littau, J. (2016). "Up, Periscope: Mobile Streaming Video Technologies, Privacy in Public, and the Right to Record". Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly . 93 (2): 312. doi:10.1177/1077699016637106. S2CID   147375255.
  3. ↑ Phippen, J. Weston (6 January 2017). "The Desire to Live-Stream Violence". The Atlantic . Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  4. ↑ Surette, Raymond (2015). "Performance Crime and Justice". Current Issues in Criminal Justice. 21 (2). Australasian Legal Information Institute: 195. doi:10.1080/10345329.2015.12036041. S2CID   148367691 . Retrieved 26 September 2018.
  5. ↑ Gregory, Sam (6 June 2021). "Live-streaming for frontline and distant witnessing: A case study exploring mediated human rights experience, immersive witnessing, action, and solidarity in the Mobil-Eyes Us project". NECSUS European Journal of Media Studies.
  6. 1 2 McPhate, Mike (18 April 2016). "Teenager Is Accused of Live-Streaming a Friend's Rape on Periscope". The New York Times . Retrieved 28 January 2017.
  7. 1 2 "Woman accused of live-streaming rape on Periscope". BBC News. 14 April 2016. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
  8. ↑ Blaise, Lilia; Morenne, Benoît (11 May 2016). "Suicide on Periscope Prompts French Officials to Open Inquiry". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
  9. ↑ Sullivan, Michael (8 April 2020). "Child Sex Abuse Livestreams Increase During Coronavirus Lockdowns". NPR. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  10. ↑ Guilbert, Kieran (28 March 2018). "Philippines child slavery survivors fight to heal scars of abuse". Reuters . Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  11. ↑ "What is Online Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation?". Child Exploitation and Online Protection Command . Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  12. ↑ "IJM Seeks to End Cybersex Trafficking of Children and #RestartFreedom this Cyber Monday and Giving Tuesday" (Press release). International Justice Mission. 28 November 2016. Retrieved 21 May 2020– via PR Newswire.
  13. 1 2 "Cybersex Trafficking". International Justice Mission UK. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
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  28. ↑ "Korryn Gaines case: Video posting by suspects poses new challenges for police". The Baltimore Sun. August 4, 2016.
  29. ↑ "Korryn Gaines Blackout Signals Expansion of Law Enforcement's Special Relationship with Facebook". The District Sentinel. 5 August 2016. August 5, 2016.
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