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The number of languages natively spoken in Africa is variously estimated at between 1,250 and 2,100, and by some counts at over 3,000. Nigeria alone has over 500 languages, one of the greatest concentrations of linguistic diversity in the world. The languages of Africa belong to many distinct language families, among which the largest are:
The Kanuri people are an African ethnic group living largely in the lands of the former Kanem and Bornu Empires in Niger, Nigeria, Chad, and Cameroon. As well as a diaspora community residing in Sudan. Those generally termed Kanuri include several subgroups and dialect groups, some of whom identify as distinct from the Kanuri. Most trace their origins to ruling lineages of the medieval Kanem-Bornu Empire, and its client states or provinces. In contrast to the neighboring Toubou or Zaghawa pastoralists, Kanuri groups have traditionally been sedentary, engaging in farming, fishing the Chad Basin, trade, and salt processing.
Masalit is a Nilo-Saharan language of the Maban language group spoken by the Masalit people in West Darfur, Sudan and Ouaddaï Region, Chad.
The Sara people are a Central Sudanic ethnic group native to southern Chad, the northwestern areas of the Central African Republic, and the southern border of North Sudan. They speak the Sara languages which are a part of the Central Sudanic language family. They are also the largest ethnic group in Chad.
Wadi Fira is one of the 23 regions of Chad. Its capital is the town of Biltine. The region corresponds with the former prefecture of Biltine.
Mandoul is one of the 23 regions of Chad. Located in the south of the country, it comprises part of the former prefecture of Moyen-Chari. The regional capital is Koumra.
The Mararit language is a Taman language of the Eastern Sudanic branch spoken in eastern Chad and western Sudan. There are two dialects, Ibiri and Abou Charib, which Blench (2006) counts as distinct languages. The majority speak the Abou Charib dialect. Mararit is reportedly not mutually intelligible with Tama and Sungor despite being part of the same Taman language group.
Guéra is one of the 23 regions of Chad, created in 2002 from the former Guéra prefecture. The region's capital is Mongo. As of 2009, the population of the region was 553,795.
Logone Oriental is one of the 23 regions of Chad, located in the south-west of the country. Its capital is Doba. It is coterminous with the former Logone Oriental Prefecture.
Mayo-Kebbi Ouest is one of the 23 regions of Chad. Its capital is Pala. It is composed of the southern areas of the former prefecture of Mayo-Kebbi.
Moyen-Chari is one of the 23 regions of Chad, located in the south of the country. Its capital is Sarh. The former prefecture of the same name was larger and included modern Mandoul Region.
Ouaddaï or Wadai is a region of Chad, located in the south-east of the country, with its capital at Abéché. Prior to 2002 it was known as Ouaddaï Prefecture; in 2008 the southern portions of Ouaddaï were split off to become the new Sila Region.
Salamat is one of the 23 regions of Chad, located in the south-east of the country. The region's capital is Am Timan. It corresponds to the former prefecture of the same name.
The Andang (Amdang) are an ethnic group of Chad and Sudan who speak the Amdang language. Most Andang are Muslims.
The Fongoro, Kole or Gelege are an ethnic group of Sudan and Chad; about 1,000 members of this ethnic group live in the Sila Region of Chad along the Sudanese border. The primary language is Fongoro.
Sinyar are the members of a minor ethnic minority in Chad and possibly Sudan. Most speak Sinyar, a Nilo-Saharan language, as well as Chadian Arabic and Fur. They are Muslims and culturally Fur.
The population of Chad has numerous ethnic groups. SIL Ethnologue reports more than 130 distinct languages spoken in Chad.
Saya is a Chadic dialect cluster of Nigeria.
Spurious languages are languages that have been reported as existing in reputable works, while other research has reported that the language in question did not exist. Some spurious languages have been proven to not exist. Others have very little evidence supporting their existence, and have been dismissed in later scholarship. Others still are of uncertain existence due to limited research.
References
- ↑ "Mararit language". Ethnologue . Retrieved 27 September 2019.
- ↑ "Mararit language". Ethnologue . Retrieved 27 September 2019.
- ↑ "Mararit language". Ethnologue . Retrieved 27 September 2019.
- ↑ "People Group: Mararit in Chad". Joshua Project. 2014. Retrieved 2014-04-24.
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