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References
- 1 2 Hardin, Robin; Marcie Hinton (2001). "Speech in Memphis: The Life of a Black Post-Reconstruction Newspaper". Race, Gender & Class. 8 (4, Race, Gender & Class in Media): (78–95): 82. JSTOR 41674996 – via JSTOR.
- 1 2 3 Goings, Kenneth W. (October 7, 2019) [October 8, 2017]. "Memphis Free Speech". Tennessee Encyclopedia. Tennessee Historical Society . Retrieved November 11, 2020.
- ↑ Hardin and Hinton (2001), p. 83.
- ↑ Wormser, Richard (2002). "The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow – Jim Crow Stories". Thirteen/WNET. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
- ↑ Hardin and Hinton (2001), p. 91.
- ↑ Duster, Alfreda (ed.), Crusade for Justice: The Autobiography of Ida B. Wells, University of Chicago Press, 1970; quoted in Hardin and Hinton, p. 91.
