Mercer Girls

Last updated

The Mercer Girls or Mercer Maids were women who chose to move from the east coast of the United States to the Seattle area in the 1860s at the invitation of Asa Mercer. Mercer, an American who lived in Seattle, wanted to "import" women to the Pacific Northwest to balance the gender ratio. [1] The women were drawn by the prospect of moving to a boomtown with a surplus of bachelors. [2] These events formed the basis of the television series Here Come the Brides . [3]

Contents

First expedition

Frontier Seattle attracted numerous men to work in the timber and fishing industries, but very few single women were willing to relocate by themselves to the remote Pacific Northwest. Only one adult out of ten was a woman, and most girls over 15 were already engaged. White men, and women of the Salish tribes, did not always feel mutually attracted. Prostitutes were also scarce, until the arrival of John Pennell and his brothel from San Francisco.

In 1864, Asa Mercer decided to go east to find women willing to relocate to Puget Sound. [4] [5] Mercer first enlisted prominent local married couples to act as hosts for the women once they arrived to assuage Victorian era moral concerns over the propriety of importing single women to the frontier. Mercer also had support from the governor of Washington Territory, but the government could not offer any money.

Mercer proceeded to travel to Boston and later to the textile town of Lowell and recruited eight young women from Lowell and two from the nearby community of Townsend, willing to move to the other side of the country. [6] They traveled back through the Isthmus of Panama, although in San Francisco locals tried to convince the girls to stay there instead. They arrived in Seattle on May 16, 1864, where the community staged a grand welcome on the grounds of the Territorial University. [7]

Only eleven women undertook the journey, well under the fifty initially reported in The Seattle Gazette. The Mercer Girls of the first voyage were Annie May Adams, Antoinette Josephine Baker, Sarah Cheney, Aurelia Coffin, Sarah Jane Gallagher, Maria Murphy, Elizabeth Ordway, Georgia Pearson, Josephine Pearson, Catherine Stevens, and Katherine Stickney. [1] Daniel Pearson and Rodolphus Stevens, the fathers of three of the young women, completed the westward party.

All but two of the women were married in short order: Josie Pearson who died unexpectedly a short time after she arrived, and Lizzie Ordway, the oldest of the ladies who was 35 when she arrived in Seattle with Mercer. Mercer was subsequently elected to the Territorial Legislature. [8]

Second expedition

Mercer decided to try again on a larger scale in 1865, and again collected donations from willing men. He asked for $300 to bring a suitable wife and received hundreds of applications. However, in the aftermath of Abraham Lincoln's assassination, his next trip east went wrong, until speculator Ben Holladay promised to provide transport for the women. However, the New York Herald found out about the project and wrote that all the women were destined to waterfront dives or to be wives of old men. Authorities in Massachusetts were not sympathetic, either.

The Mercer Girls on deck aboard the Continental, sketched by A.R. Waud for Harper's Weekly, 1866. Mercer Girls illustration in 1866 Harper's Weekly (WARNER 0).jpeg
The Mercer Girls on deck aboard the Continental, sketched by A.R. Waud for Harper's Weekly, 1866.

Due to the bad publicity by the time Mercer was to depart on January 16, 1866, he had fewer than 100 recruits, when he had promised five times that many. His ship, the former Civil War transport S.S. Continental, sailed for the West Coast around Cape Horn.

Three months later, the ship stopped in San Francisco, where the captain refused to go any further. Mercer failed to convince him otherwise, and when he telegraphed to Washington governor Pickering to ask for more money, the governor could not afford it. Finally, he convinced crewmen on lumber schooners to transport them for free. Among the financiers of the expedition had been Hiram Burnett, a lumber mill manager for Pope & Talbot, who was bringing out his sister and wanted wives for his employees. A few of the women decided to stay in California instead.

When Mercer returned to Seattle, he had to answer a number of questions about his performance. At a meeting on May 23, public dismay softened, probably because the women were with him.

Mercer ended up marrying one of the women, Annie Stephens, a week later, and most of the others found husbands as well.

See also

Related Research Articles

Two conflicting perspectives exist for the early history of Seattle. There is the "establishment" view, which favors the centrality of the Denny Party, and Henry Yesler. A second, less didactic view, advanced particularly by historian Bill Speidel and others such as Murray Morgan, sees David Swinson "Doc" Maynard as a key figure, perhaps the key figure. In the late nineteenth century, when Seattle had become a thriving town, several members of the Denny Party still survived; they and many of their descendants were in local positions of power and influence. Maynard was about ten years older and died relatively young, so he was not around to make his own case. The Denny Party were generally conservative Methodists, teetotalers, Whigs and Republicans, while Maynard was a drinker and a Democrat. He felt that well-run prostitution could be a healthy part of a city's economy. He was also on friendly terms with the region's Native Americans, while many of the Denny Party were not. Thus Maynard was not on the best of terms with what became the Seattle Establishment, especially after the Puget Sound War. He was nearly written out of the city's history until Morgan's 1951 book Skid Road and Speidel's research in the 1960s and 1970s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Asa Mercer</span> American politician

Asa Shinn Mercer was the first president of the Territorial University of Washington and a member of the Washington State Senate.

USS <i>Young</i> (DD-312) Clemson-class destroyer

The first USS Young (DD-312) was a Clemson-class destroyer in the United States Navy following World War I. She was named for John Young.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of Washington (state)</span> History article

The history of Washington includes thousands of years of Native American history before Europeans arrived and began to establish territorial claims. The region was part of Oregon Territory from 1848 to 1853, after which it was separated from Oregon and established as Washington Territory following the efforts at the Monticello Convention. On November 11, 1889, Washington became the 42nd state of the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Puget Sound War</span>

The Puget Sound War was an armed conflict that took place in the Puget Sound area of the state of Washington in 1855–56, between the United States military, local militias and members of the Native American tribes of the Nisqually, Muckleshoot, Puyallup, and Klickitat. Another component of the war, however, were raiders from the Haida and Tlingit who came into conflict with the United States Navy during contemporaneous raids on the native peoples of Puget Sound. Although limited in its magnitude, territorial impact and losses in terms of lives, the conflict is often remembered in connection to the 1856 Battle of Seattle and to the execution of a central figure of the war, Nisqually Chief Leschi. The contemporaneous Yakima War may have been responsible for some events of the Puget Sound War, such as the Battle of Seattle, and it is not clear that the people of the time made a strong distinction between the two conflicts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Edmond S. Meany</span> American politician

Edmond Stephen Meany was a professor of botany and history at the University of Washington (UW). He was an alumnus of the university, having graduated as the valedictorian of his class in 1885 when it was the Territorial University of Washington. Meany also earned a Master of Science from the University of Washington in 1899, and a Master of Letters from the University of Wisconsin in 1901.

Seattle Repertory Theatre is a major regional theatre located in Seattle, Washington, at the Seattle Center. It is a member of Theatre Puget Sound and Theatre Communications Group. Founded in 1963, it is led by Artistic Director Braden Abraham and Managing Director Jeffrey Herrmann. It received the 1990 Regional Theatre Tony Award.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">George Kinnear</span>

George Kinnear was an early Seattle real estate developer, responsible for some of the early residential development of Queen Anne Hill. He also had a brief military career.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lake Washington steamboats and ferries</span> Defunct ferry system in Washington state

Lake Washington steamboats and ferries operated from about 1875 to 1951, transporting passengers, vehicles and freight across Lake Washington, a large lake to the east of Seattle, Washington. Before modern highways and bridges were built, the only means of crossing the lake, other than the traditional canoe or rowboat, was by steamboat, and, later, by ferry. While there was no easily navigable connection to Puget Sound, the Lake Washington Ship Canal now connects Lake Washington to Lake Union, and from there Puget Sound is reached by way of the Hiram M. Chittenden Locks.

PS <i>Eliza Anderson</i>

The PS Eliza Anderson operated from 1858 to 1898 mainly on Puget Sound, the Strait of Georgia, and the Fraser River but also for short periods in Alaska. She was generally known as the Old Anderson and was considered slow and underpowered even for the time. Even so, it was said of her that "no steamboat ever went slower and made money faster." She played a role in the Underground Railroad and had a desperate last voyage to Alaska as part of the Klondike Gold Rush.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hiram Burnett</span>

Hiram Burnett was a well-known pioneer of the Puget Sound country, and an honored citizen of Seattle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Puget Sound region</span> Region around Puget Sound in Washington

The Puget Sound region is a coastal area of the Pacific Northwest in the U.S. state of Washington, including Puget Sound, the Puget Sound lowlands, and the surrounding region roughly west of the Cascade Range and east of the Olympic Mountains. It is characterized by a complex array of saltwater bays, islands, and peninsulas carved out by prehistoric glaciers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jacob Furth</span> American banker and businessman

Jacob Furth was an Austrian Empire-born American entrepreneur and prominent Seattle banker. He played a key role in consolidating Seattle's electric power and public transportation infrastructure, and was a member of Ohaveth Sholum Congregation, Seattle's first synagogue. Bill Speidel called him "the city's leading citizen for thirty years," adding that Furth "may even have been the most important citizen Seattle ever had."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Francis X. Prefontaine</span>

Monsignor Francis Xavier Prefontaine (1838–1909) was a French Canadian priest and missionary, an early resident in the pioneer days of Seattle, Washington, and a figure in the history of Seattle and the Puget Sound region of Washington State. He was Seattle's first resident Roman Catholic priest and built Seattle's first Catholic church.

<i>Issaquah</i> (steam ferry)

Issaquah was a steam ferry built in 1914 that operated on Lake Washington and in San Francisco Bay.

<i>C.C. Calkins</i>

C.C. Calkins was a small steamboat built in 1890 which served on Lake Washington.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">A. W. Piper</span> American politician

A. W. Piper was a Seattle, Washington pioneer whose name was given to Piper Orchard, Pipers Creek and Piper's Canyon in Carkeek Park, and who was elected in 1877–1878 a socialist Seattle City Council member. He owned a bakery known for its artistic confections that served Seattle and the Puget Sound region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Leary (politician)</span> American politician

John Leary was an American businessman and politician who was a key civic leader in Seattle, Washington. He made contributions to virtually all civic and business activities during the city's early years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elizabeth Ordway</span> Advocate for womens suffrage

Mary Elizabeth Ordway, an early advocate for women's suffrage in Washington territory, was one of the first group of young women recruited to become teachers and wives in pioneer Seattle in the 1860s. Despite the expectation that these "Mercer Girls" would marry, Ordway remained single and became a successful teacher, school administrator, and suffrage activist. The suffrage activism of Ordway and some of the other "Mercer Girls" reflected their educational levels, professional status, and the values associated with personal autonomy that promoted their decisions to migrate across the continent to build new lives.

Clara Stanwood Pearson was an American pioneer in the Washington Territory and the eponym of the town of Stanwood.

References

  1. 1 2 Bagley, Clarence B. (March 1904). "The Mercer Immigration: Two Cargoes of Maidens for the Sound Country". The Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society . Vol. 5, no. 1. Retrieved February 18, 2022. On Puget Sound the scarcity of women was a serious matter. It affected the social, industrial and moral condition of the several communities. It was a subject of frequent discussion and a matter of earnest regret.
  2. Jones; Williams; Saez (December 2019). "3 Seattle Pioneers You Need to Know – Lizzie Ordway". Seattle Metropolitan . Retrieved 2020-02-18. Eager to escape a town crippled by the Civil War—men lost to soldierhood, Lowell's mills starved of southern cotton—the cadre of spunky young women found Seattle's bachelor surplus and boomtown prospects appealing. They traveled by ship to Panama, crossed Central America overland, then sailed again to the Northwest. Most of the Mercer Girls wed soon after taking up their west coast teaching positions (one to Mercer himself), but Lizzie [Ordway] never did.
  3. Marmor, Jon (June 1, 1995). "First UW president is best known for bringing women to the Northwest". Columns. Retrieved February 18, 2022. Asa Shinn Mercer helped build the University of Washington with his bare hands, personally recruited students, was the school's first teacher and its first president. But he is much more famous for bringing shiploads of women around Cape Horn to the then-wild Puget Sound area in the 1860s than for first presiding over one of the nation's great research universities. The ABC TV show Here Come the Brides (which aired 1968-1970) was based on Mercer's 1860s voyages.
  4. 1 2 "Emigration to Washington Territory of Four Hundred Women on the Steamer "Continental."". Harper's Weekly. Vol. 10, no. 471. January 6, 1866. pp. 8–9. Retrieved February 18, 2022. No more curious or more suggestive Exodus ever took place than The Exodus of Women to Washington Territory under the leadership of Mr. Asa S. Mercer.
  5. Speidel, William C. (1967). "Immorality and Immortality – The Matchmaker". Sons of the Profits or There's No Business Like Grow Business The Seattle Story 1851–1901. Nettle Creek. pp. 107–109. ISBN   9780914890065. At this point, Asa Mercer, the rosy cheeked, naive young man who had scoured the logging camps hiring "students" for the University, came up with what he thought was a brilliant idea. He approached the Reverend Mr. Bagley with a notion about bringing a load of decent unmarried young ladies from the East out to the town for purposes of clearing the air with wholesale marriages.
  6. Engle, Flora A. P. (October 1915). "The Story of the Mercer Expeditions". The Washington Historical Quarterly. Vol. 6, no. 4. Retrieved February 21, 2022. The two Mercer expeditions were without doubt important events in the history of the Puget Sound basin: First, they resulted in attracting to Washington Territory many who otherwise would not have sought homes on the Pacific Coast, and who in their turn were instrumental in bringing others to this north-northwest corner of our United States.
  7. Morgan, Murray (1951). "Mercer's Maidens". Skid Road: An Informal Portrait of Seattle. University of Washington Press. pp. 61–69. ISBN   9780295743509. Lowell was a textile town, racked with depression since the Civil War had cut off Southern cotton from its looms, and there Mercer found eleven virgins willing to forsake the land of the cod. They sailed from New York, crossed the Panama Isthmus, rested briefly in San Francisco, and went by schooner to the Sound. They debarked at Yesler's wharf about midnight, May 16, 1864, and were welcomed by a delegation headed by Doc Maynard.
  8. "Seattle at 150: Ordway, the unwed 'Mercer Girl,' was still well-loved". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. 15 October 2001. Retrieved 30 June 2012.