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Industry | Business services Financial services Financial markets Technology |
---|---|
Founded | 2007 |
Founder | Thomas P. Gallagher |
Headquarters | , U.S. |
Key people | Thomas P Gallagher (Chairman and CEO) |
Products | Clearing Exchange Listing Financial Data |
Subsidiaries | MIAX MIAX Pearl MIAX Pearl Equities MIAX Emerald Bermuda Stock Exchange Minneapolis Grain Exchange Dorman Trading |
Website | www |
Miami International Holdings, Inc. (MIH) is an American company formed in 2007 that operates global financial exchanges and execution services.
The company owns several U.S. exchanges for equities, equity options, and commodities. These include the MIAX Exchange Group — which is composed of MIAX, MIAX Pearl, MIAX Pearl Equities, MIAX Emerald, and MIAX Sapphire — and the Minneapolis Grain Exchange (MGEX). It also owns the Bermuda Stock Exchange and Dorman Trading, a Futures Commission Merchant. MIH also has a subsidiary, Miami International Technologies, which is focused on the sale and licensing of trading technology developed by MIAX Exchange Group. [1]
The firm is also the owner of LedgerX, the first-ever approved exchange and clearinghouse for derivatives contracts in digital currencies in the U.S. [2]
Despite its name, MIH is headquartered in Princeton, New Jersey. [3]
MIH launched the Miami International Securities Exchange (MIAX) in 2012, after receiving approval from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). [4] [5]
In 2019, MIH acquired a majority stake in the Bermuda Stock Exchange.
The company received approval from the SEC and launched MIAX Pearl Equities, MIH's first equities exchange, in 2020. [6] MIAX Pearl Equities received backing and support from member firms such as IMC Financial Markets, Susquehanna International Group, Two Sigma Investments, Hudson River Trading, and Chicago Trading Company. [7] [8] The exchange also became a participant in the UTP Plan.
In 2022, MIH acquired Dorman Trading, a full-service Futures Commission Merchant registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). [9] [10] Subsequently, the company filed for a U.S. initial public offering with the SEC. [11] MIH's equities exchange, MIAX Pearl Equities, reached a market share of 0.99% at the end of the same year. [12]
On April 25, 2023, MIH entered into an agreement to acquire LedgerX, a subsidiary of FTX and a CFTC-regulated exchange and clearinghouse for Bitcoin and Ethereum options and futures, in connection with the bankruptcy proceedings of FTX. [13]
On October 17, 2023, MIH announced that it had filed the Form 1 application to the SEC to register MIAX Sapphire, a new exchange for U.S. options. The exchange is expected to commence trading operations in the second quarter of 2024. [14]
In November 2023, MIH announced plans to open a new options trading pit and offices in Miami's Wynwood neighborhood, which would house MIH's new trading venue, MIAX Sapphire. [15] [16] The new exchange, MIH's fourth options exchange, would include a physical trading floor in Miami, the first of its kind. [3]
In 2024, the firm named former Citadel Securities executive Troy Kane CEO of its newly-formed futures business, MIAX Futures. [17]
Through its MIAX options exchanges, MIH also provides the Spikes Volatility Index and Spikes futures, the only other volatility index used to measure US stock market volatility other than Cboe's VIX index. [18]
In 2017, Nasdaq brought forward a lawsuit against MIH claiming the latter used trade secrets to create MIAX's trading platforms and obtain a patent. [19] [20] In its suit, Nasdaq alleged that at least 15 of its former employees joined MIH and that three of them had forwarded technical documents to their personal emails before joining the rival firm. [21] MIH countered with its own suits, arguing that seven of Nasdaq's existing patents tried asserted claim over the invention of options trading. [22]
In 2020, after the SEC granted MIH to offer its SPIKES futures product on its MIAX options exchanges, rival firm Cboe Global Markets sued to stop the product from being listed. [23]
A binary option is a financial exotic option in which the payoff is either some fixed monetary amount or nothing at all. The two main types of binary options are the cash-or-nothing binary option and the asset-or-nothing binary option. The former pays some fixed amount of cash if the option expires in-the-money while the latter pays the value of the underlying security. They are also called all-or-nothing options, digital options, and fixed return options (FROs).
The Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE), located at 433 West Van Buren Street in Chicago, is the largest U.S. options exchange with an annual trading volume of around 1.27 billion at the end of 2014. CBOE offers options on over 2,200 companies, 22 stock indices, and 140 exchange-traded funds (ETFs).
VIX is the ticker symbol and the popular name for the Chicago Board Options Exchange's CBOE Volatility Index, a popular measure of the stock market's expectation of volatility based on S&P 500 index options. It is calculated and disseminated on a real-time basis by the CBOE, and is often referred to as the fear index or fear gauge.
Options Clearing Corporation (OCC) is a United States clearing house based in Chicago. It specializes in equity derivatives clearing, providing central counterparty (CCP) clearing and settlement services to 16 exchanges. It was started by Wayne Luthringshausen and carried on by Michael Cahill. Its instruments include options, financial and commodity futures, security futures, and securities lending transactions.
In finance, an option is a contract which conveys to its owner, the holder, the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a specific quantity of an underlying asset or instrument at a specified strike price on or before a specified date, depending on the style of the option. Options are typically acquired by purchase, as a form of compensation, or as part of a complex financial transaction. Thus, they are also a form of asset and have a valuation that may depend on a complex relationship between underlying asset price, time until expiration, market volatility, the risk-free rate of interest, and the strike price of the option. Options may be traded between private parties in over-the-counter (OTC) transactions, or they may be exchange-traded in live, public markets in the form of standardized contracts.
The Options Price Reporting Authority (OPRA) oversees the Securities Information Processor (SIP) that provides last sale information and current options quotations from a committee of participant exchanges. In turn, this committee is designated as the Options Price Reporting Authority.
BATS Global Markets is a global stock exchange operator founded in Lenexa, Kansas, with additional offices in London, New York, Chicago, and Singapore. BATS was founded in June 2005, became an operator of a licensed U.S. stock exchange in 2008 and opened its pan-European stock market in October 2008. As of February 2016, it operated four U.S. stock exchanges, two U.S. equity options exchanges, the pan-European stock market, and a global market for the trading of foreign exchange products. BATS was acquired by Cboe Global Markets in 2017.
High-frequency trading (HFT) is a type of algorithmic trading in finance characterized by high speeds, high turnover rates, and high order-to-trade ratios that leverages high-frequency financial data and electronic trading tools. While there is no single definition of HFT, among its key attributes are highly sophisticated algorithms, co-location, and very short-term investment horizons in trading securities. HFT uses proprietary trading strategies carried out by computers to move in and out of positions in seconds or fractions of a second.
Flash trading, otherwise known as a flash order, is a marketable order sent to a market center that is not quoting the industry's best price or that cannot fill that order in its entirety. The order is then flashed to recipients of the venue's proprietary data feed to see if any of those firms wants to take the other side of the order.
The May 6, 2010, flash crash, also known as the crash of 2:45 or simply the flash crash, was a United States trillion-dollar flash crash which started at 2:32 p.m. EDT and lasted for approximately 36 minutes.
Gemini Trust Company, LLC (Gemini) is an American cryptocurrency exchange and custodian bank. It was founded in 2014 by Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss.
Optiver Holding B.V. is a proprietary trading firm and market maker for various exchange-listed financial instruments. Its name derives from the Dutch optieverhandelaar, or "option trader". The company is privately owned. Optiver trades listed derivatives, cash equities, exchange-traded funds, bonds, and foreign exchange.
Securities market participants in the United States include corporations and governments issuing securities, persons and corporations buying and selling a security, the broker-dealers and exchanges which facilitate such trading, banks which safe keep assets, and regulators who monitor the markets' activities. Investors buy and sell through broker-dealers and have their assets retained by either their executing broker-dealer, a custodian bank or a prime broker. These transactions take place in the environment of equity and equity options exchanges, regulated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), or derivative exchanges, regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). For transactions involving stocks and bonds, transfer agents assure that the ownership in each transaction is properly assigned to and held on behalf of each investor.
Cboe Global Markets is an American company that owns the Chicago Board Options Exchange and the stock exchange operator BATS Global Markets.
The Members Exchange (MEMX) is an American technology-driven stock exchange founded by its members to serve the interest of its founders and their collective client base. The founding members, which include nine major financial organizations, claim they seek to transform markets around the goals of transparency, innovation, and competition in order to align exchange services with the interests of market participants. It is a member-formed equities trading platform, and competes with the major equity exchanges: NYSE, Nasdaq, and CBOE.
Jump Trading LLC is a proprietary trading firm with a focus on algorithmic and high-frequency trading strategies. The firm has over 700 employees in Chicago, New York, Austin, London, Tel Aviv, Singapore, Shanghai, Bristol, Gurgaon, Gandhinagar, Sydney, Amsterdam, Hong Kong, and Paris and is active in futures, options, cryptocurrency, and equities markets worldwide.
Citadel Securities LLC is an American market making firm headquartered in Miami. It is one of the largest market makers in the world, and is active in more than 50 countries. It is the largest designated market maker on the New York Stock Exchange.
Mark P. Wetjen is an American lawyer. In 2011, he was nominated by Barack Obama to serve a five-year term as a Commissioner of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). He also served for five months as acting chairman of the CFTC upon the departure of his predecessor, Gary Gensler.
A securities information processor (SIP) is a part of the infrastructure of public market data providers in the United States that process, consolidate, and disseminate quotes and trade data from different US securities exchanges and market centers. An important purpose of the SIPs for US securities is to publish the prevailing National Best Bid Offer (NBBO).
MIAX Pearl Equities (MIAX), is an American stock exchange headquartered in Princeton, New Jersey. The exchange also has offices in Miami, Florida, where its parent company Miami International Holdings is based.