Mir-196 microRNA precursor family

Last updated
mir-196 microRNA precursor family
RF00256.jpg
Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of mir-196
Identifiers
Symbolmir-196
Rfam RF00256
miRBase MI0000238
miRBase family MIPF0000031
Other data
RNA type Gene; miRNA
Domain(s) Eukaryota
GO GO:0035195 GO:0035068
SO SO:0001244
PDB structures PDBe

miR-196 is a non-coding RNA called a microRNA that has been shown to be expressed in humans (MI0000238, MI0000279) and mice (MI0000552, MI0000553). [1] [2] miR-196 appears to be a vertebrate specific microRNA and has now been predicted or experimentally confirmed in a wide range of vertebrate species (MIPF0000031). In many species the miRNA appears to be expressed from intergenic regions in HOX gene clusters. The hairpin precursors are predicted based on base pairing and cross-species conservation—their extents are not known. In this case the mature sequence is excised from the 5' arm of the hairpin.

Contents

It has been suggested that a rare SNP (rs11614913) that overlaps hsa-mir-196a-2 has been found to be associated with non-small cell lung carcinoma. [3]

Further reading

Related Research Articles

microRNA Small non-coding ribonucleic acid molecule

MicroRNA (miRNA) are small, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules containing 21 to 23 nucleotides. Found in plants, animals and some viruses, miRNAs are involved in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. miRNAs base-pair to complementary sequences in mRNA molecules, then gene silence said mRNA molecules by one or more of the following processes:

  1. Cleavage of mRNA strand into two pieces,
  2. Destabilization of mRNA by shortening its poly(A) tail, or
  3. Translation of mRNA into proteins.
mir-9/mir-79 microRNA precursor family

The miR-9 microRNA, is a short non-coding RNA gene involved in gene regulation. The mature ~21nt miRNAs are processed from hairpin precursor sequences by the Dicer enzyme. The dominant mature miRNA sequence is processed from the 5' arm of the mir-9 precursor, and from the 3' arm of the mir-79 precursor. The mature products are thought to have regulatory roles through complementarity to mRNA. In vertebrates, miR-9 is highly expressed in the brain, and is suggested to regulate neuronal differentiation. A number of specific targets of miR-9 have been proposed, including the transcription factor REST and its partner CoREST.

mir-10 microRNA precursor family

The mir-10 microRNA precursor is a short non-coding RNA gene involved in gene regulation. It is part of an RNA gene family which contains mir-10, mir-51, mir-57, mir-99 and mir-100. mir-10, mir-99 and mir-100 have now been predicted or experimentally confirmed in a wide range of species. miR-51 and miR-57 have currently only been identified in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.

mir-129 microRNA precursor family

The miR-129 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA molecule that regulates gene expression. This microRNA was first experimentally characterised in mouse and homologues have since been discovered in several other species, such as humans, rats and zebrafish. The mature sequence is excised by the Dicer enzyme from the 5' arm of the hairpin. It was elucidated by Calin et al. that miR-129-1 is located in a fragile site region of the human genome near a specific site, FRA7H in chromosome 7q32, which is a site commonly deleted in many cancers. miR-129-2 is located in 11p11.2.

mir-16 microRNA precursor family

The miR-16 microRNA precursor family is a group of related small non-coding RNA genes that regulates gene expression. miR-16, miR-15, mir-195 and miR-497 are related microRNA precursor sequences from the mir-15 gene family. This microRNA family appears to be vertebrate specific and its members have been predicted or experimentally validated in a wide range of vertebrate species.

mir-172 microRNA precursor family

The mir-172 microRNA is thought to target mRNAs coding for APETALA2-like transcription factors. It has been verified experimentally in the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. The mature sequence is excised from the 3' arm of the hairpin.

mir-17 microRNA precursor family

The miR-17 microRNA precursor family are a group of related small non-coding RNA genes called microRNAs that regulate gene expression. The microRNA precursor miR-17 family, includes miR-20a/b, miR-93, and miR-106a/b. With the exception of miR-93, these microRNAs are produced from several microRNA gene clusters, which apparently arose from a series of ancient evolutionary genetic duplication events, and also include members of the miR-19, and miR-25 families. These clusters are transcribed as long non-coding RNA transcripts that are processed to form ~70 nucleotide microRNA precursors, that are subsequently processed by the Dicer enzyme to give a ~22 nucleotide products. The mature microRNA products are thought to regulate expression levels of other genes through complementarity to the 3' UTR of specific target messenger RNA.

mir-181 microRNA precursor

In molecular biology miR-181 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA molecule. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are transcribed as ~70 nucleotide precursors and subsequently processed by the RNase-III type enzyme Dicer to give a ~22 nucleotide mature product. In this case the mature sequence comes from the 5' arm of the precursor. They target and modulate protein expression by inhibiting translation and / or inducing degradation of target messenger RNAs. This new class of genes has recently been shown to play a central role in malignant transformation. miRNA are downregulated in many tumors and thus appear to function as tumor suppressor genes. The mature products miR-181a, miR-181b, miR-181c or miR-181d are thought to have regulatory roles at posttranscriptional level, through complementarity to target mRNAs. miR-181 which has been predicted or experimentally confirmed in a wide number of vertebrate species as rat, zebrafish, and in the pufferfish.

mir-2 microRNA precursor

The mir-2 microRNA family includes the microRNA genes mir-2 and mir-13. Mir-2 is widespread in invertebrates, and it is the largest family of microRNAs in the model species Drosophila melanogaster. MicroRNAs from this family are produced from the 3' arm of the precursor hairpin. Leaman et al. showed that the miR-2 family regulates cell survival by translational repression of proapoptotic factors. Based on computational prediction of targets, a role in neural development and maintenance has been suggested.

The miR-34 microRNA precursor family are non-coding RNA molecules that, in mammals, give rise to three major mature miRNAs. The miR-34 family members were discovered computationally and later verified experimentally. The precursor miRNA stem-loop is processed in the cytoplasm of the cell, with the predominant miR-34 mature sequence excised from the 5' arm of the hairpin.

mir-126

In molecular biology mir-126 is a short non-coding RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several pre- and post-transcription mechanisms.

mir-22

In molecular biology mir-22 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs are an abundant class of molecules, approximately 22 nucleotides in length, which can post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by binding to the 3' UTR of mRNAs expressed in a cell.

mir-221 microRNA

In molecular biology, mir-221 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms.

miR-150 Family of microRNA precursors found in mammals

miR-150 is a family of microRNA precursors found in mammals, including humans. The ~22 nucleotide mature miRNA sequence is excised from the precursor hairpin by the enzyme Dicer. This sequence then associates with RISC which effects RNA interference.

In molecular biology mir-339 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms. miR-339-5p expression was associated with overall survival in breast cancer.

In molecular biology mir-153 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms.

mir-615 microRNA is a short non-coding RNA molecule belonging both to the family of microRNAs and to that of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms, whilst siRNAs are involved primarily with the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. siRNAs have been linked through some members to the regulation of cancer cell growth, specifically in prostate adenocarcinoma.

In molecular biology mir-390 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MIR7-1</span> Non-coding RNA in the species Homo sapiens

MicroRNA 7-1 is a microRNA molecule that in humans is encoded by the MIR7-1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MicroRNA 196a-2</span>

MicroRNA 196a-2 is a MicroRNA that in humans is encoded by the MIR196A2 gene, and is part of the Mir-196 microRNA precursor family.

References

  1. ↑ Lagos-Quintana M, Rauhut R, Meyer J, Borkhardt A, Tuschl T (2003). "New microRNAs from mouse and human". RNA. 9 (2): 175–9. doi:10.1261/rna.2146903. PMC   1370382 . PMID   12554859.
  2. ↑ Lim LP, Glasner ME, Yekta S, Burge CB, Bartel DP (2003). "Vertebrate microRNA genes". Science. 299 (5612): 1540. doi:10.1126/science.1080372. PMID   12624257. S2CID   37750545.
  3. ↑ Hu Z, Chen J, Tian T, Zhou X, Gu H, Xu L, Zeng Y, Miao R, Jin G, Ma H, Chen Y, Shen H (2008). "Genetic variants of miRNA sequences and non-small cell lung cancer survival". J Clin Invest. 118 (7): 2600–8. doi:10.1172/JCI34934. PMC   2402113 . PMID   18521189.
  4. ↑ Zhang XW, Pan SD, Feng YL, Liu JB, Dong J, Zhang YX, Chen JG, Hu ZB, Shen HB (2011). "[Relationship between genetic polymorphism in microRNAs precursor and genetic prediposition of hepatocellular carcinoma]". Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 45 (3): 239–43. PMID   21624236.
  5. ↑ Georges M (2011). "The long and winding road from correlation to causation". Nat Genet. 43 (3): 180–1. doi:10.1038/ng0311-180. PMID   21350497. S2CID   205341688.
  6. ↑ Brest P, Lapaquette P, Souidi M, Lebrigand K, Cesaro A, Vouret-Craviari V, Mari B, Barbry P, Mosnier JF, Hébuterne X, Harel-Bellan A, Mograbi B, Darfeuille-Michaud A, Hofman P (2011). "A synonymous variant in IRGM alters a binding site for miR-196 and causes deregulation of IRGM-dependent xenophagy in Crohn's disease". Nat Genet. 43 (3): 242–5. doi:10.1038/ng.762. PMID   21278745. S2CID   11224420.
  7. ↑ Chen C, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Weakley SM, Yao Q (2011). "MicroRNA-196: critical roles and clinical applications in development and cancer". J Cell Mol Med. 15 (1): 14–23. doi:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01219.x. PMC   3276076 . PMID   21091634.
  8. ↑ Scagnolari C, Zingariello P, Vecchiet J, Selvaggi C, Racciatti D, Taliani G, Riva E, Pizzigallo E, Antonelli G (2010). "Differential expression of interferon-induced microRNAs in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection treated with pegylated interferon alpha". Virol J. 7: 311. doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-7-311 . PMC   2996368 . PMID   21070682.
  9. ↑ Li Y, Zhang M, Chen H, Dong Z, Ganapathy V, Thangaraju M, Huang S (2010). "Ratio of miR-196s to HOXC8 messenger RNA correlates with breast cancer cell migration and metastasis". Cancer Res. 70 (20): 7894–904. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-1675. PMC   2955846 . PMID   20736365.
  10. ↑ Guan Y, Mizoguchi M, Yoshimoto K, Hata N, Shono T, Suzuki SO, Araki Y, Kuga D, Nakamizo A, Amano T, Ma X, Hayashi K, Sasaki T (2010). "MiRNA-196 is upregulated in glioblastoma but not in anaplastic astrocytoma and has prognostic significance". Clin Cancer Res. 16 (16): 4289–97. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-0207 . PMID   20601442.
  11. ↑ Asli NS, Kessel M (2010). "Spatiotemporally restricted regulation of generic motor neuron programs by miR-196-mediated repression of Hoxb8". Dev Biol. 344 (2): 857–68. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.06.003. hdl: 11858/00-001M-0000-0011-F056-2 . PMID   20553899.
  12. ↑ Schotte D, Lange-Turenhout EA, Stumpel DJ, Stam RW, Buijs-Gladdines JG, Meijerink JP, Pieters R, Den Boer ML (2010). "Expression of miR-196b is not exclusively MLL-driven but is especially linked to activation of HOXA genes in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia". Haematologica. 95 (10): 1675–82. doi:10.3324/haematol.2010.023481. PMC   2948092 . PMID   20494936.
  13. ↑ Hou W, Tian Q, Zheng J, Bonkovsky HL (2010). "MicroRNA-196 represses Bach1 protein and hepatitis C virus gene expression in human hepatoma cells expressing hepatitis C viral proteins". Hepatology. 51 (5): 1494–504. doi:10.1002/hep.23401. PMC   2862129 . PMID   20127796.
  14. ↑ McGlinn E, Yekta S, Mansfield JH, Soutschek J, Bartel DP, Tabin CJ (2009). "In ovo application of antagomiRs indicates a role for miR-196 in patterning the chick axial skeleton through Hox gene regulation". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 106 (44): 18610–5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0910374106 . PMC   2773993 . PMID   19846767.
  15. ↑ Sehm T, Sachse C, Frenzel C, Echeverri K (2009). "miR-196 is an essential early-stage regulator of tail regeneration, upstream of key spinal cord patterning events". Dev Biol. 334 (2): 468–80. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.08.008 . PMID   19682983.
  16. ↑ Popovic R, Riesbeck LE, Velu CS, Chaubey A, Zhang J, Achille NJ, Erfurth FE, Eaton K, Lu J, Grimes HL, Chen J, Rowley JD, Zeleznik-Le NJ (2009). "Regulation of mir-196b by MLL and its overexpression by MLL fusions contributes to immortalization". Blood. 113 (14): 3314–22. doi:10.1182/blood-2008-04-154310. PMC   2665896 . PMID   19188669.
  17. ↑ Sonkoly E, Ståhle M, Pivarcsi A (2008). "MicroRNAs and immunity: novel players in the regulation of normal immune function and inflammation". Semin Cancer Biol. 18 (2): 131–40. doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2008.01.005. PMID   18291670.
  18. ↑ Woltering JM, Durston AJ (2008). "MiR-10 represses HoxB1a and HoxB3a in zebrafish". PLOS ONE. 3 (1): e1396. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001396 . PMC   2148072 . PMID   18167555.
  19. ↑ Richardson MK, Crooijmans RP, Groenen MA (2007). "Sequencing and genomic annotation of the chicken (Gallus gallus) Hox clusters, and mapping of evolutionarily conserved regions". Cytogenet Genome Res. 117 (1–4): 110–9. doi:10.1159/000103171. PMID   17675851. S2CID   2643703.
  20. ↑ Kawasaki H, Taira K (2004). "MicroRNA-196 inhibits HOXB8 expression in myeloid differentiation of HL60 cells". Nucleic Acids Symp Ser (Oxf). 48 (48): 211–2. doi: 10.1093/nass/48.1.211 . PMID   17150553.
  21. ↑ Chopra VS, Mishra RK (2006). ""Mir"acles in hox gene regulation". BioEssays. 28 (5): 445–8. doi: 10.1002/bies.20401 . PMID   16615131.
  22. ↑ Ronshaugen M, Biemar F, Piel J, Levine M, Lai EC (2005). "The Drosophila microRNA iab-4 causes a dominant homeotic transformation of halteres to wings". Genes Dev. 19 (24): 2947–52. doi:10.1101/gad.1372505. PMC   1315399 . PMID   16357215.
  23. ↑ Hornstein E, Mansfield JH, Yekta S, Hu JK, Harfe BD, McManus MT, Baskerville S, Bartel DP, Tabin CJ (2005). "The microRNA miR-196 acts upstream of Hoxb8 and Shh in limb development". Nature. 438 (7068): 671–4. doi:10.1038/nature04138. PMID   16319892. S2CID   2543608.
  24. ↑ Yekta S, Shih IH, Bartel DP (2004). "MicroRNA-directed cleavage of HOXB8 mRNA". Science. 304 (5670): 594–6. doi:10.1126/science.1097434. PMID   15105502. S2CID   20510339.


This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.