NEO (cryptocurrency)

Last updated
Neo
Neo symbol.svg
Denominations
CodeNeo, formerly ANS
Development
Original author(s)Da Hongfei, Erik Zhang
White paper https://docs.neo.org/docs/en-us/basic/whitepaper.html
Initial releaseFebruary 2014;10 years ago (2014-02) as AntShares and rebranded as Neo in June 2017 [1]
Code repository NEO Github
Written in C#
License MIT
Ledger
Block time15-25 seconds[ citation needed ]
Block explorer neotracker.io
neoscan.io
Circulating supply70,530,000
Supply limit100,000,000
Website
Website neo.org

    Neo is a blockchain-based cryptocurrency and application platform used to run smart contracts and decentralized applications. The project, originally named Antshares, was founded in 2014 by Da HongFei and Erik Zhang and rebranded as Neo in 2017. [1] In 2017 and 2018, the cryptocurrency maintained some success in the Chinese market despite the recently-enacted prohibition on cryptocurrency in that country. [2] [3]

    Contents

    Technical specifications

    The Neo network runs on a proof-of-stake decentralized Byzantine fault tolerant (dBFT) consensus mechanism between a number of centrally approved nodes, [4] and can support up to 10,000 transactions per second. [2] The base asset of the Neo blockchain is the non-divisible Neo token which generates GAS tokens. These GAS tokens, a separate asset on the network, can be used to pay for transaction fees, and are divisible with the smallest unit of 0.00000001. The inflation rate of GAS is controlled with a decaying half-life algorithm that is designed to release 100 million GAS over approximately 22 years. [5]

    X.509 Digital Identities allow developers to tie tokens to real-world identities which aid in complying with KYC/AML and other regulatory requirements. [5]

    History

    In 2014, Antshares was founded by Da Hongfei and Erik Zhang. In the following year, it was open-sourced on GitHub and by September 2015, the white paper was released.[ citation needed ]

    A total of 100 million Neo were created in the genesis block. [5] 50 million Neo were sold to early investors through an initial coin offering in 2016 that raised US 4.65 million, [3] with the remaining 50 million Neo locked into a smart contract. Each year, a maximum of 15 million Neo tokens are unlocked which are used by the Neo development team to fund long-term development goals. [5]

    Neo was officially rebranded from Antshares in June 2017, with the idea of combining the past and the future.[ citation needed ]

    Neo3 or N3 was first announced by Erik Zhang in 2018 as an upgrade to the previous Neo protocol (now known as Neo Legacy).[ citation needed ] Certain new features do not have backward compatibility with the Neo Legacy blockchain. N3 was implemented and launched with a new genesis block. [6]

    In March 2018, Neo's parent company Onchain distributed 1 Ontology token (ONT) for every 5 NEO held in a user's cryptocurrency wallet. These tokens were intended to be used to vote on system upgrades, identity verification mechanisms, and other governance issues on the Neo platform. [7]

    Related Research Articles

    Proof-of-stake (PoS) protocols are a class of consensus mechanisms for blockchains that work by selecting validators in proportion to their quantity of holdings in the associated cryptocurrency. This is done to avoid the computational cost of proof-of-work (POW) schemes. The first functioning use of PoS for cryptocurrency was Peercoin in 2012, although the scheme, on the surface, still resembled a POW.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Ethereum</span> Open-source blockchain computing platform

    Ethereum is a decentralized blockchain with smart contract functionality. Ether is the native cryptocurrency of the platform. Among cryptocurrencies, ether is second only to bitcoin in market capitalization. It is open-source software.

    A decentralized autonomous organization (DAO), sometimes called a decentralized autonomous corporation (DAC), is an organization managed in whole or in part by decentralized computer program, with voting and finances handled through a blockchain. In general terms, DAOs are member-owned communities without centralized leadership. The precise legal status of this type of business organization is unclear.

    A blockchain is a distributed ledger with growing lists of records (blocks) that are securely linked together via cryptographic hashes. Each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, a timestamp, and transaction data. Since each block contains information about the previous block, they effectively form a chain, with each additional block linking to the ones before it. Consequently, blockchain transactions are irreversible in that, once they are recorded, the data in any given block cannot be altered retroactively without altering all subsequent blocks.

    A decentralised application is an application that can operate autonomously, typically through the use of smart contracts, that run on a decentralized computing, blockchain or other distributed ledger system. Like traditional applications, DApps provide some function or utility to its users. However, unlike traditional applications, DApps operate without human intervention and are not owned by any one entity, rather DApps distribute tokens that represent ownership. These tokens are distributed according to a programmed algorithm to the users of the system, diluting ownership and control of the DApp. Without any one entity controlling the system, the application is therefore decentralised.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">ShapeShift</span> Swiss digital asset trading company

    ShapeShift, founded in 2014 by Erik Voorhees was a cryptocurrency exchange headquartered in Switzerland that turned into a permissionless DAO operating on the blockchain. Its decentralized application empowers users to trade the Bitcoin, Ethereum, and 10,000+ crypto assets across 14 chains.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Ethereum Classic</span> Blockchain computing platform

    Ethereum Classic is a blockchain-based distributed computing platform that offers smart contract (scripting) functionality. It is open source and supports a modified version of Nakamoto consensus via transaction-based state transitions executed on a public Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM).

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Cardano (blockchain platform)</span> Public blockchain platform

    Cardano is a public blockchain platform. It is open-source and decentralized, with consensus achieved using proof of stake. It can facilitate peer-to-peer transactions with its internal cryptocurrency, ADA.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Polkadot (cryptocurrency)</span> Cryptocurrency

    Polkadot is a blockchain platform and cryptocurrency. The native cryptocurrency for the Polkadot blockchain is the DOT. It is designed to allow blockchains to exchange messages and perform transactions with each other without a trusted third-party. This allows for cross-chain transfers of data or assets, between different blockchains, and for decentralized applications (DApps) to be built using the Polkadot Network.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">IOTA (technology)</span> Open-source distributed ledger and cryptocurrency

    IOTA is an open-source distributed ledger and cryptocurrency designed for the Internet of things (IoT). It uses a directed acyclic graph to store transactions on its ledger, motivated by a potentially higher scalability over blockchain based distributed ledgers. IOTA does not use miners to validate transactions, instead, nodes that issue a new transaction on the network must approve two previous transactions. Transactions can therefore be issued without fees, facilitating microtransactions. The network currently achieves consensus through a coordinator node, operated by the IOTA Foundation. As the coordinator is a single point of failure, the network is currently centralized.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">The Open Network</span> Blockchain network originally developed by Telegram

    The Open Network is a decentralized computer network consisting of a layer-1 blockchain with various components. TON was originally developed by Nikolai Durov and the messaging platform, Telegram and now embraced by a global community of independent contributors.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Tron (cryptocurrency)</span> Blockchain computing platform

    TRON is a decentralized, blockchain-based operating system with smart contract functionality, proof-of-stake principles as its consensus algorithm and a cryptocurrency native to the system, known as Tronix (TRX). It was established in March 2014 by Justin Sun and since 2017 has been overseen and supervised by the TRON Foundation, a non-profit organization in Singapore, established in the same year. It is open-source software.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Avalanche (blockchain platform)</span> Open-source blockchain computing platform

    Avalanche is a decentralized, open-source proof of stake blockchain with smart contract functionality. AVAX is the native cryptocurrency of the platform.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Ouroboros (protocol)</span> Blockchain protocol

    Ouroboros is a family of proof-of-stake consensus protocols used in the Cardano and Polkadot blockchains. It can run both permissionless and permissioned blockchains.

    Decentralized finance offers financial instruments without relying on intermediaries such as brokerages, exchanges, or banks by using smart contracts on a blockchain, mainly Ethereum. DeFi platforms allow people to lend or borrow funds from others, speculate on price movements on assets using derivatives, trade cryptocurrencies, insure against risks, and earn interest in savings-like accounts. DeFi uses a layered architecture and highly composable building blocks. Some applications promote high-interest rates but are subject to high risk. Coding errors and hacks have been common in DeFi.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Dai (cryptocurrency)</span> Stablecoin cryptocurrency

    Dai is a stablecoin token on the Ethereum blockchain whose value is kept as close to one United States dollar as possible by decentralized parties incentivized by smart contracts to perform actions that affect the token's supply and therefore its price. Dai is maintained and regulated by MakerDAO, a decentralized autonomous organization composed of the owners of its governance token, MKR, who may propose and vote on changes to certain parameters in its smart contracts.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">0x (decentralized exchange infrastructure)</span> Cryptocurrency

    0x is an open-source, decentralized exchange infrastructure that enables the exchange of tokenized assets on multiple blockchains. Developers can use 0x to incorporate exchange functionality into their applications, and market makers can use 0x to create markets for cryptocurrencies and tokens. ZRX, an Ethereum ERC-20 token, is the native governance and staking token of 0x. Individuals who own ZRX can vote on protocol changes and stake their tokens to earn liquidity rewards in Ether (ETH). The project's creator and core developer is 0x Labs.

    Stacks, formerly Blockstack, is a blockchain platform for smart contracts, decentralized finance ("DeFi"), non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and decentralized apps ("DApps"). Stacks blockchain is a layer for bitcoin similar to the Lightning Network.

    ICON is a decentralized, open-source blockchain with smart contract functionality. ICX is the native cryptocurrency of the platform.

    Nervos Network is a proof-of-work blockchain platform which consists of multiple blockchain layers that are designed for different functions. The native cryptocurrency of this layer is called CKB. Smart contracts and decentralized applications can be deployed on the Nervos blockchain. The Nervos Network was founded in 2018.

    References

    1. 1 2 "Cryptocurrencies and blockchain" (PDF). European parliament.
    2. 1 2 "China's Largest Cryptocurrency Thrives Despite Intense Crackdown". Bloomberg News.
    3. 1 2 Glenn, Brenda Goh, Elias (2017-09-13). "Cryptocurrency chaos as China cracks down on ICOs". Reuters. Retrieved 2020-09-17.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
    4. Coelho, Igor M.; Coelho, Vitor N.; Araujo, Rodolfo P.; Yong Qiang, Wang; Rhodes, Brett D. (2020). "Challenges of PBFT-Inspired Consensus for Blockchain and Enhancements over Neo dBFT". Future Internet. 12 (8): 129. doi: 10.3390/fi12080129 .
    5. 1 2 3 4 Soeteman, Krijn (10 February 2018). "Operation of dBft mapped via Neo". Computable. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
    6. neo-project. "Migration - Neo Smart Economy". neo.org. Retrieved 2021-05-07.
    7. Chang, Evelyn (12 March 2018). "'Airdrops' are coming". CNBC. Retrieved 23 March 2018.