New Serbia (historical province)

Last updated
New Serbia
Нова Србија / Nova Srbija
Нова Сербія
Новая Сербия
Noua Serbie
Territory of Russian Empire
1752–1764
New serbia map.png
Capital Novomyrhorod (Novomirgorod)
History 
 Established
1752
 Abolished
1764
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Blank.png Zaporizhian Sich
Novorossiya Governorate Blank.png
Today part of Ukraine
* Kirovohrad Oblast

New Serbia, or Novoserbia [lower-alpha 1] was a military frontier of Imperial Russia from 1752 to 1764 subordinated directly to the Senat and Military Collegium.

Contents

The founder of New Serbia was Jovan Horvat. Horvat was a leader of a group which rejected a post-riot compromise reached after the demilitarization of their section of the Military Frontier. [1] The rejected compromise envisaged transfer of those who want to remain warriors to the Banat Military Frontier while those who would remain in the region would get provincial status with preservation of religious autonomy. [1] Contrary to serfs, Eastern Orthodox Serbs enjoyed substantial levels of autonomy (in exchange for providing forces to fight against the Ottoman Empire) granted in multiple documents starting with Statuta Valachorum, but which was gradually obsolete or eliminated by the creation of centralized modern state. The Horvat's colonization idea was enthusiastically supported by Elizabeth of Russia, and it was the first centrally planned settlement of the southern steppe which led to deterioration of Russian relations with Habsburg monarchy and Ottoman Empire and crystallization of the key features of the future Eastern Question. [1]

The region was mostly located in the territory of present-day Kirovohrad Oblast of Ukraine, although some of its parts were located in the territory of present-day Cherkasy Oblast, Poltava Oblast and Dnipropetrovsk Oblast. The administrative centre of New Serbia was Novomirgorod (literally "New Mirgorod"), which is now Novomyrhorod, Ukraine.

History

The Russian state was able to secure a large part of territory of modern Ukraine by signing of the Truce of Andrusovo and the 1686 Treaty of Perpetual Peace with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Until 1764–1775, the territory had an autonomous local government with limited sovereignty Cossack Hetmanate.

Peter Tekeli, a soldier on the journey from Berlin to the Caucasus. He was buried in "New Serbia." BildTekeli.jpg
Peter Tekeli, a soldier on the journey from Berlin to the Caucasus. He was buried in "New Serbia."

In 1751 (or in some sources 1750) the Russian envoy in Vienna Count Mikhail Petrovich Bestuzhev-Ryumin was contacted by colonel of the Austrian military Jovan Horvat with request to allow him and other Serbs to resettle in the Imperial Russia. They were Granichary (Grenz infantry) that used to protect the Austrian buffer territory "Vojna Krajina" (Military Borderland) from the Ottoman Turks.

The region was named after Serbs, who migrated in 1752 to the Russian Empire from the Military Frontier of the Habsburg monarchy. Russian authorities gave these Serbian settlers a land, which thus acquired its name, New Serbia soon after the War of the Austrian Succession. As the Pannonian Frontier, New Serbia was also organized into military province located on the Russian-Polish border and on the land of Buhogard palanka, Zaporizhian Sich. The purpose of the polity was protection of southern borders of the Russian empire as well as participation in Russian military operations near that region. Commandant of New Serbia was Jovan Horvat who vouched for his subordinates the Austrian Grenz infantry. The largest number of settlers came from the Serbian Hussar Regiment - because of its war merits. This unit had the same task as the Cossacks from Zaporozhye - the protection of the border area.

Demographics

Before the formation of New Serbia, its territory included 3,710 houses of settlers from the Hetmanate, Slobozhanshchina and Zaporizhia, 643 houses of native inhabitants and 195 houses of Ukrainian settlers from Poland and Moldavia. According to the memoirs of Serbian soldier and settler Aleksandar Piščević, their neighbors were Russians. When New Serbia was formed, the Russian senate ordered that all these settlers, except native inhabitants, must return to the places where they had previously lived.

After the formation of New Serbia, its initial new settlers were Serbs, but also many Moldavians and other Romanians (Mocani from Transylvania), Ukrainians, Bulgarians and others settled in the area.

Some of the original Ukrainian settlers who left the territory of New Serbia settled in the southern regions of modern-day Ukraine. In 1745, before the formation of New Serbia, its territory was populated by 9,660 inhabitants, while in 1754, the number of inhabitants was 3,989.

Because of the large number of Moldavian settlers, the largest ethnic group in the province in 1757 were not Serbs, but Moldavians. [2] In 1757, the population of New Serbia numbered 5,482 inhabitants, including: [3]

Settlements

Settlements of New Serbia

In their new home, Serbs established new places, and consequently gave them same names such as the names of the places in their old home in the Pannonian Plain (in modern-day Serbia, Croatia, Romania and Hungary). Serbs also changed names of some older settlements, giving them Serbian names. Of the 41 settlements that existed in New Serbia, 26 were founded before arrival of the Serbs.

Older Ukrainian/Russian name (1.)Serbian name from the middle of the 18th centuryUkrainian/Russian name from the middle of the 18th century (1.)Newer or modern Ukrainian/Russian name (1.)
Skaleva Semlac (2.)SemlikSkaleva
-Novoarhangelsk / ArhangelskNovoarkhangelsk / Novoarkhangelysk Novoarkhanhelsk / Novoarkhangelsk
GanivkaKalniblat / KalnibolotKalnibolot / KalynibolotKal'nibolota
- Nadlac (2.)NadlakNadlak
DavidivkaPetrovo Ostrovo / Petro-Ostrov (2.)PetroostrivPetroostriv
Korobchino Pečka (2.)Bechka Korobchine  [ uk ]
TrisyagaNovomirgorod / Novi MirgorodNovomirgorod Novomyrhorod / Novomirgorod
Yermina Balka Martonoš (2.)MartonoshMartonosha
Olykhovatka Pančevo (2.)PanchevoPancheve
Tri Bayraki Kanjiža (2.)KanizhKanizh
Mogilovo Senta (2.)SentaMohyliv / Rodnykivka
- Vukovar (2.)VukovarBukvarka
- Feldvar / Fedvar (2.)FedvarPidlisne
Mala Adzhamka Subotica (2.)SubotitsaSubottsi
Nekrasivska Mošorin (2.)MoshorinMoshorine
-Cibuljev / CibulevTsibulivTsybuleve
-DmitrovkaDmitrivka Dmytrivka  [ uk; ru ]
Dikivka Sombor (2.)SomborDikivka
Protopopivka Varaždin (2.)VarazhdinProtopopivka
Usivka Bečej (2.)BechaUsivka / Oleksandriya
-GlinskGlinskGlinsk
PantaziyivkaJenovaYanivIvanivka
-Mandorlak (2.)Mandorlak-
Kosivka Glogovac (2.)GlogovatsKosivka
Butivka Pavliš (2.)PavlishPavlysh
-PiljužnicaPilazhnitsa-
OnufriyivkaBlagovatBlagovat Onufriyivka
-Sentomaš/Srbobran(2.)Sentomash-
- Kovin (2.)Kovin-
- Csanád (2.)Chonad-
- Slankamen (2.)Slankamin-
Nesterivka Vršac (2.)VershatsVershatsi
Stetsivka Šoljmoš / Šolmoš (2.)SholmoshStetsivka
Andrusivka Čongrad (2.)ChongradVelyka Andrusivka
- Krilov Krilov Kryliv
-Taburište / TaburinoTaburishche Svitlovodsk
-KrjukovKryukivKryukiv (now part of Kremenchuk)
-Kamjanka / KamenkaKamyanka Kamyani Potoky
Plakhtiyivka Zemun (2.)ZemunUspenka
Deriyivka Vilagoš (2.)VilagoshDeriyivka
-Turija (2.) (3.)Turiya Turiya

Notes:

Origin of settlement names

Places in New Serbia whose names can be also found in the territory of the Pannonian Plain (mostly in Vojvodina and Pomorišje) include:

In 2008 Babylon A.D. movie the main character Toorop (Vin Diesel) starts his way in the near future, in the post-apocalyptic 2027 in New Serbia, a territory of Russia.

See also

Notes

  1. Ukrainian: Нова Сербія, Nova Serbiya, or Новосербія, Novoserbiya; Russian: Новая Сербия, Novaya Serbiya, or Новосербия, Novoserbiya; Serbian: Нова Србија / Nova Srbija, or Новосрбија / Novosrbija; Slavo-Serbian: Нова Сербія, Nova Serbiya, or Ново-Сербія, Novo-Serbiya; Romanian: Noua Serbie
  1. 1 2 3 Dyck, Harvey L. (1981). "New Serbia and the Origins of the Eastern Question, 1751-55: A Habsburg Perspective". The Russian Review . Wiley-Blackwell. 40 (1): 1–19.
  2. Olga M. Posunjko, Istorija Nove Srbije i Slavenosrbije, Novi Sad, 2002, page 36.
  3. Olga M. Posunjko, Istorija Nove Srbije i Slavenosrbije, Novi Sad, 2002, page 36.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vojvodina</span> Autonomous province of Serbia

Vojvodina, officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, is an autonomous province that occupies the northernmost part of Serbia, located in Central Europe. It lies within the Pannonian Basin, bordered to the south by the national capital Belgrade and the Sava and Danube Rivers. The administrative center, Novi Sad, is the second-largest city in Serbia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Banat</span> Historical region in eastern-central Europe

Banat is a geographical and historical region that straddles Central and Eastern Europe. It is currently divided among three countries: the eastern part lies in western Romania ; the western part of Banat is in northeastern Serbia ; and a small northern part lies within southeastern Hungary.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bačka</span> Geographical area in the Pannonian Plain

Bačka or Bácska is a geographical and historical area within the Pannonian Plain bordered by the river Danube to the west and south, and by the river Tisza to the east. It is divided between Serbia and Hungary. Most of the area is located within the Vojvodina region in Serbia and Novi Sad, the capital of Vojvodina, lies on the border between Bačka and Syrmia. The smaller northern part of the geographical area is located within Bács-Kiskun County in Hungary.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Slavo-Serbia</span> Territory of Imperial Russia from 1753 to 1764

Slavo-Serbia or Slaveno-Serbia was a territory of Imperial Russia from 1753 to 1764. It was located to the south of the Donets River, between the Bakhmutka River and Luhan River. This area today is located within present-day Luhansk Oblast and Donetsk Oblast of Ukraine. The administrative centre of Slavo-Serbia was Bakhmut.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pannonian Basin</span> Large sedimentary basin in Central Europe

The Pannonian Basin, or Carpathian Basin, is a large sedimentary basin situated in southeast Central Europe. The geomorphological term Pannonian Plain is more widely used for roughly the same region though with a somewhat different sense, with only the lowlands, the plain that remained when the Pliocene Epoch Pannonian Sea dried out.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Novi Kneževac</span> Town and municipality in Vojvodina, Serbia

Novi Kneževac is a town and municipality located in the North Banat District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. The town has a population of 6,960, while the Novi Kneževac municipality has 11,269 inhabitants according to.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alibunar</span> Town and municipality in Vojvodina, Serbia

Alibunar is a town and municipality located in the South Banat District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. Alibunar town and Alibunar municipality have a population of 2,883 and 19,780 respectively.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Srbobran</span> Town and municipality in Vojvodina, Serbia

Srbobran is a town and municipality located in the South Bačka District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. The town is located on the north bank of the Danube-Tisa-Danube canal. The town has a population of 12,009, and the municipality of 16,317.

Vojvodina is an autonomous province located in northern Serbia. It consists of the Pannonian Plain in the south, and the Danube and Sava rivers in the north.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Serbs in Vojvodina</span> Ethnic group in Vojvodina

The Serbs of Vojvodina are the largest ethnic group in this northern province of Serbia. For centuries, Vojvodina was ruled by several European powers, but Vojvodina Serbs never assimilated into cultures of those countries. Thus, they have consistently been a recognized indigenous ethnic minority with its own culture, language and religion. According to the 2022 census, there were 1,190,785 Serbs in Vojvodina or 68.43% of the population of the province.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">District of Potisje</span>

The District of Potisje was an administrative territorial entity of the Habsburg monarchy. It was formed in 1751 with headquarters in Stari Bečej, and existed for almost one century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nova Pazova</span> Settlement in Vojvodina, Serbia

Nova Pazova is a settlement in Serbia. It is situated in the Stara Pazova municipality, in the region of Syrmia, in the autonomous province of Vojvodina. The settlement's population is currently 17,105.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peter Tekeli</span> Russian general-in-chief of Serb origin

Peter Tekeli (1720–1792) was a Russian general-in-chief of Serb origin. He achieved the highest rank among the Serbs who served in the Imperial Russian Army. He was born in a noble family of military tradition, whose men were officers of the Austrian army in the Military Frontier. Prior to his emigration to Russia in 1748, he fought as a young officer in the War of the Austrian Succession. Characterized by both courage and military cunning, he made a splendid career in Russia. He participated in the Seven Years' War, the first Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774), and the second Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792). Under his command, Zaporozhian Cossacks were disbanded and subjugated to the Imperial authority in 1775, without spilling a single drop of blood, for which he received the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky from Empress Catherine the Great. He retired in 1790, and died two years later in his mansion at Novomirgorod.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vasa Živković</span> Serbian poet and Orthodox priest

Vasilije "Vasa" Živković (1819–1891) was a Serbian poet and Orthodox priest. He is highly regarded in Serbian culture for his role in collecting verses from oral traditions of his people. His literary opus sustained only half of his poems to be printed since he was prone to self-criticism. His contemporaries were poets Jovan Ilić, father of Vojislav Ilić, Stevan Vladislav Kačanski, and many others.

Avram Miletić was a merchant and writer of epic folk songs who is best known for writing the earliest collection of urban lyric poetry in Serbian between 1778 and 1781.

Aleksije Vezilić was a Serbian lyric poet who introduced the German version of the Enlightenment to the Serbs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jovan Šević</span>

Jovan Šević or Ivan Šević was an 18th-century military officer of Serb origin. He reached the rank of lieutenant colonel in the Serb militia forces in the Pomorišje region, then in the Military Frontier of the Habsburg monarchy. When it became obvious that privileges granted to Serb militiamen would be reduced or completely revoked after Pomorišje and Potisje lost their frontier status, Šević left Habsburg military service in 1750 and moved to Russia. At the end of 1752, he led the second wave of colonists who migrated from Pomorišje, Potisje and Slavonia to the Russian Empire where they settled the newly established administrative region of Slavo-Serbia at the beginning of 1753. To enable him to recruit more of his fellow officers, Šević was promoted to the rank of General by the Russian Empress, Elizabeth. He commanded a Serb Hussar Regiment consisting of the colonists he brought to Russia. After Šević's death, Slavo-Serbia was disestablished, and many of his descendants became notable military officers in the Russian Imperial Army. Over time, all the Serb colonists became assimilated. Miloš Crnjanski described the migration led by Šević in his most notable work, the novel Migrations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Serbs in Russia</span>

There is a community of Serbs in Russia, also known as Russian Serbs, which includes Russian citizens of ethnic Serb descent or Serbian-born people residing in the country.

Simeon Piščević was a Serbian memoirist and imperial Russian general.

Jovan Samuilović Horvat de Kurtič, also referred to as Ivan Horvat, was a Russian general of Serbian origin who founded New Serbia in the modern Kirovohrad Oblast.

References