Nick Bougas | |
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 Bougas in 2008 | |
| Born | 1955 (age 68–69) Savannah, Georgia, U.S. |
| Other names | A. Wyatt Mann |
| Occupation(s) | Film director, illustrator, record producer, cartoonist |
| Years active | 1977–present |
Nick Bougas (born 1955) is an American documentary film director, illustrator and record producer. [1] As a cartoonist, he has used the pen name A. Wyatt Mann to produce racist, antisemitic, antifeminist and homophobic cartoons. [2] [3] [4]
Bougas directed the mondo film Death Scenes , hosted by Church of Satan founder Anton LaVey. [5] The film was followed by Death Scenes 2 in 1992, [6] and Death Scenes 3 in 1993. [7]
In 1993, he directed the documentary Speak of the Devil: The Canon of Anton LaVey , a profile of LaVey. [1] [8] [9]
Bougas has directed several other films, such as the 1994 documentary The Goddess Bunny , about disabled transgender tap dancing artist Sandie Crisp. [10] [11]
In 1998, Bougas released the album Celebrities... At Their Worst!, a collection of comedic audio blunders by such celebrities as Elvis Presley, Casey Kasem, Paul Anka, and John Wayne. [12] [13]
As an illustrator, Bougas has worked with writer and publisher Jim Goad on such publications as Answer Me! [14] [15]
According to a 2015 BuzzFeed News report, Bougas used the pseudonym "A. Wyatt Mann", (phonetically: 'a white man') to produce overtly racist and antisemitic cartoons in the late 1980s and early 1990s. [3]
Besides black people and Jews, his cartoons occasionally targeted other minorities, including gay people and feminists. Many of them were published at the time by white supremacist Tom Metzger and Feral House publisher Adam Parfrey. Bougas has never publicly confirmed his authorship; however, his identity as Mann was confirmed by multiple people who worked with him at the time, and in captions of photos taken at various events. [3]
The Mann cartoons have been widely reused as hateful memes by white supremacists, various internet trolls, and later, the alt-right. One cartoon in particular, a stereotypical caricature of a Jewish person referred to as the "Happy Merchant", became one of the most popular antisemitic images on the internet. It has been reused, modified and parodied multiple times, eventually becoming part of the visual language of websites such as 4chan. [2] [3] [16] [17]
Bougas' work as Mann has frequently been combined by Internet trolls with cartoons by political cartoonist Ben Garrison, which Garrison has said generates confusion between the two artists. [2] [18]
The Church of Satan (CoS) is a religious organization dedicated to the religion of Satanism as defined by Anton Szandor LaVey. Founded in San Francisco in 1966, by LaVey, it is considered the "oldest satanic religion in continual existence", and more importantly the most influential, inspiring "numerous imitator and breakaway groups". According to the Church, Satanism has been "codified" as "a religion and philosophy" by LaVey and his church.
Steven William Maclean Bell is an English political cartoonist, whose work has appeared in a number of publications, notably The Guardian from 1981 to 2023. He is known for his left-wing views.
Gerald Anthony Scarfe is an English cartoonist and illustrator. He has worked as editorial cartoonist for The Sunday Times and illustrator for The New Yorker.
The Arab European League is a Pan-Arabist political organisation active in Belgium and the Netherlands.
Jew Watch was an antisemitic website promoting Holocaust denial and negative claims about Jews. The claims included allegations of a conspiracy that Jews control the media and banking, as well as accusations of Jewish involvement in terrorist groups. The site contained propaganda, according to Sam Varghese of The Age, similar to that used in Nazi Germany. It was widely considered a hate site. Jew Watch received support from Stormfront, a white nationalist and neo-Nazi site. The site described itself as a "not-for-profit library for private study, scholarship, or research [that keeps] a close watch on Jewish Communities and organizations worldwide".
Carlos Latuff is a Brazilian political cartoonist. His work deals with themes such as anti-Western sentiment, anti-capitalism, and opposition to U.S. military intervention in foreign countries. He is best-known for his images depicting the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and the Arab Spring.
Answer Me! was a magazine edited by Jim Goad and Debbie Goad and published between 1991 and 1994. It focused on the social pathologies of interest to the Los Angeles–based couple.
International Holocaust Cartoon Contest was a 2006 cartoon competition, sponsored by the Iranian newspaper Hamshahri, to denounce what it called Western "double standards on freedom of speech." The event was staged in response to the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy. Several public figures, including the United States State Department, the Israeli Foreign Ministry, and United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan strongly criticized the contest.
Antisemitic tropes or antisemitic canards are "sensational reports, misrepresentations, or fabrications" that are defamatory towards Judaism as a religion or defamatory towards Jews as an ethnic or religious group. Since as early as the 2nd century, allegations of Jewish guilt and cruelty emerged as a recurring motif among antisemitic conspiracy theories.
Aktion Kinder des Holocaust is a Swiss voluntary association founded in 1991. Its principal aim is the documentation of and opposition to antisemitism in Switzerland. It is associated with the University of Basel research projects "VIOLENCE youth" and "Right-wing youths in Switzerland".
The "three Ds" or the "3D test" of antisemitism is a set of criteria formulated by Israeli human rights advocate and politician Natan Sharansky in order to distinguish legitimate criticism of Israel from antisemitism. The three Ds stand for delegitimization, demonization, and double standards, each of which, according to the test, indicates antisemitism.
Speak of the Devil: The Canon of Anton LaVey is a documentary film about Church of Satan founder Anton LaVey, released in 1993 through Wavelength Video and directed by Nick Bougas.
The Goddess Bunny is a 1994 American documentary film directed by Nick Bougas, which is about the life of a transgender woman named Sandie Crisp, also known as the Goddess Bunny.
Death Scenes is a 1989 mondo film starring Church of Satan founder Anton LaVey and directed by Nick Bougas.
Belgium is a European country with a Jewish population of approximately 35,000 out of a total population of about 11.4 million. It is among the countries experiencing an increase in both antisemitic attitudes and in physical attacks on Jews.
Benjamin R. Garrison is an American right-wing political cartoonist and artist. Several of Garrison's cartoons have been controversial. Various critics in the media have called him sexist, racist, anti-feminist, xenophobic, anti-government, and conspiratorial. Garrison has also been accused of antisemitism by the Anti-Defamation League (ADL). His cartoons often lionize American conservative figures and politicians, such as former President Donald Trump and Rand Paul, and demonize liberal, moderate, and Never Trump movement figures such as President Joe Biden and Hillary Clinton. Some alt-right activists and Internet trolls have edited Garrison's comics to incorporate further offensive content, including the antisemitic "Happy Merchant" caricature.
Sandra "Sandie" Crisp, better known by her stage name The Goddess Bunny, was an American entertainer, drag queen, actress, and model. Footage of her tap dancing, originally recorded around 1987, was the subject of one of the first viral videos.
Paul Nehlen is a white supremacist and former Congressional candidate from Wisconsin. During the 2016 and 2018 Republican Party primary elections in Wisconsin's 1st congressional district, he spouted various racist, white nationalist, nativist, protectionist, and antisemitic views. In 2016 he was defeated by incumbent Paul Ryan by 84 to 16 percent. The 2018 primary was won by Bryan Steil; Nehlen came third.
The Happy Merchant is a common name for an image that depicts an Anti-Jewish caricature of a Jewish man. The Happy Merchant is common on websites such as 4chan or Reddit where it is frequently used in a hateful or disparaging context.
StoneToss is a pseudonymous American neo-Nazi political cartoonist who publishes a self-titled webcomic. Launched in June 2017, the comic espouses far-right, racist, homophobic and antisemitic views, including Holocaust denial, using "simple and colorful imagery" and what the author claims is "edgy humor."
But internet anti-Semites (or at least people fishing for a reaction) started splicing Garrison's work together with the work of Nick Bougas, aka A. Wyatt Man, a director and illustrator responsible for one of the web's most enduring anti-Semitic images.
So. You could stop right there and say that Nick Bougas is the most widely disseminated anti-Semitic cartoonist of all time and not be wrong.
Under the pen name of 'A. Wyatt Mann,' artist Nick Bougas has drawn many explicitly racist, homophobic, and anti-Semitic cartoons where there isn't even a pretense of humor.
Jim Goad is the former editor of Answer Me!, a magazine that ran from 1991 to 1994 and often featured the artwork of racist cartoonist Nick Bougas (Bougas published elsewhere under the pseudonym A. Wyatt Mann).
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