Mondo film

Last updated

Mondo film is a subgenre of exploitive documentary films. Many mondo films are made in a way to resemble a pseudo-documentary and usually depicting sensational topics, scenes, or situations. Common traits of mondo films include portrayals of foreign cultures (which have drawn accusations of ethnocentrism or racism), [1] an emphasis on taboo subjects such as death and sex, and staged sequences presented as genuine documentary footage. Over time, the films have placed increasing emphasis on footage of the dead and dying (both real and fake). [2]

Contents

The term mondo is Italian for 'world'. The term shockumentary is also used to describe the genre.

Mondo films began to soar in popularity in the 1960s with the releases of Mondo Cane (1962), Women of the World (1963) and Africa Addio (1966). The genre arguably reached its peak with Faces of Death (1978), a film that inspired a myriad of imitators, such as Banned from Television , Death Scenes , and the Traces of Death and Faces of Gore series.

History

Although earlier films such as Alessandro Blasetti's Europa di notte  [ it ] (Europe By Night, 1959) and Luigi Vanzi's  [ it ] Il mondo di notte  [ it ] (World By Night, 1961) may be considered examples of the genre, [3] the origins of the mondo documentary are generally traced to the 1962 Italian film Mondo Cane (A Dog's World—a mild Italian profanity) by Paolo Cavara, Gualtiero Jacopetti and Franco Prosperi which was a commercial success. [4] [5] [6]

Documentary films imitating Mondo Cane in the 1960s often included the term mondo in their titles, even if they were in English; examples include Mondo Bizarro, Mondo Daytona, Mondo Mod, Mondo Infame and Mondo Hollywood . [7] Films outside the genre followed suit: Mondo Trasho , Mondo Weirdo: A Trip to Paranoia Paradise, Mondo Keyhole [8] and Mondo Brutale (a German release of Wes Craven's The Last House on the Left [9] ) title themselves mondo, although none are mondo documentaries. Later in the decade, this naming convention began to fall out of favour and fewer mondo films identified themselves as such in their titles. [7] The War Game , a 1965 British film depicting conditions before and after a nuclear attack on England, would not see public broadcast for twenty years.

Filmmakers wanted to top each other in shock value to attract audiences. Cruelty to animals, accidents, tribal-initiation rites and surgeries are features of a typical mondo. Much of the action is staged, although the filmmakers may claim their goal is to document "reality". Subjects of mondo films include sex (Mondo Sex and Mondo Sexualis USA); celebrities (Mondo Elvis and Mondo Lugosi); youth culture (Mondo Teeno) and the gay subculture (Mondo Rocco).

Russ Meyer's film Mondo Topless was one of the few "documentaries" restricted to the old midnight movie circuit in the pre-VCR era; it explored strip clubs in 1960s San Francisco, at a time when strip clubs were a novelty in the United States, restricted to centers of port-city decadence (such as San Francisco). Other examples of this genre include Mondo New York by Harvey Keith, Mondo di Notte by Gianni Proia and Mondo Balordo by Roberto Bianchi Montero.

The 1980s saw a resurgence of mondo movies focusing almost exclusively on (onscreen) death, instead of world cultures. The Faces of Death series is a notable example of this type of mondo (or "death") movie. The producers used fake footage (passed off as real), but some of the footage was legitimate (including scenes of autopsies, suicides and accidents).

The rare 1985 film Mondo Senza Veli ("World Without Veils or Mondo Fresh") was purported by viewers to feature at its end the brutal execution of a young Arab rapist by public rectal impalement. This episode was, however, believed to have been a staged execution by some viewers.

Mondo films in the 21st century feature gore, exemplified by the Faces of Gore and Traces of Death series. There is less fake footage, and many use news footage of accidents from East Asia.[ citation needed ]

The late 2010s saw another resurgence, beginning with the Bootleg Death Tape series and Faces of Dying series from filmmaker Dustin Ferguson, which both involved various independent Directors from around the world.

A number of films have parodied the genre. Examples include Ricardo Fratelli's Mondo Ford, Mr. Mike's Mondo Video by Saturday Night Live 's Michael O'Donoghue, and Is There Sex After Death? by Jeanne and Alan Abel. Mondo Beyondo spoofed the films' approach to titling, but was a parody of satellite television. [10] The Italian cannibal film is arguably an offshoot of the mondo film. [8]

Films

The original mondo film series was the Mondo Cane series by Gualtiero Jacopetti, Paolo Cavara, and Franco Prosperi. When this type of film proved successful, many imitators followed.

Jacopetti and Prosperi
TitleYearCountryDirector and screenplayMusicUncut run timeNotes
Mondo Cane 1962ItalyGualtiero Jacopetti
Paolo Cavara
Franco E. Prosperi
Riz Ortolani 108 minutesR-rated run time 85 minutes
La donna nel mondo 1963Riz Ortolani
Nino Oliviero
107 minutesa.k.a. Women of the World
Mondo Cane 21963Gualtiero Jacopetti
Franco Prosperi
Nino Oliviero95 minutesR-rated run time 76 minutes; a.k.a.Mondo Pazzo
Africa Addio 1966Riz Ortolani139 minutesUnrated English version 128 minutes; R-rated version 80 minutes
Addio Zio Tom 1971136 minutesUnrated English version 123 minutes; a.k.a.Goodbye Uncle Tom

The pair's Mondo candido (1975) is not a mondo film; the title was imposed on them by the studio, who wished to cash in on their earlier successes. The film is a retelling of Voltaire's novel, Candide .

In the late 1980s, Stelvio Massi (a.k.a. Max Steele) made two spinoffs of the original Mondo Cane series, known as Mondo Cane 3 and Mondo Cane 4 on video.

Max Steele
TitleYearCountryDirector and cinematographyScreenplayUncut run timeNotes
Mondo cane oggi - L'orrore continua1986Italy Stelvio Massi Stelvio Massi78 minutesa.k.a. Mondo Cane 3
Mondo cane 2000 - L'incredibile1988G. Crisanti73 minutesa.k.a. Mondo Cane 4

In 1969, brothers Angelo and Alfredo Castiglioni began to make a series of their own mondo films until the early 1980s. They made five films in all, tying Jacopetti and Prosperi as the most prolific mondo film producers. Each film examines brutal and bizarre behavior on the African continent. Their films are considered some of the most graphic mondo films ever made. [11]

Castiglioni brothers
TitleYearCountryDirectorsMusicNotes
Africa segreta1969Italy
  • Angelo Castiglioni
  • Alfredo Castiglioni
Angelo Francesco Lavagnino a.k.a. Secret Africa; uncut run time 103 min
Africa ama1971a.k.a. Africa Uncensored
Magia nuda1975Ciro Dammicco (credited as Zacar)a.k.a. Mondo Magic
Addio ultimo uomo1978 Franco Godi a.k.a. The Last Savage
Africa dolce e selvaggia1982a.k.a. Shocking Africa

Antonio Climati, cinematographer to Prosperi and Jacopetti in many mondo films, joined Mario Morra in 1974 to produce their own string of mondo films, known as the "Savage Trilogy". Prosperi also produced the films. Climati and Morra were known for staging scenes.

Savage Trilogy
TitlCountryDirector and screenplayMusicNotes
Ultime grida dalla savana 1975Italy
  • Antonio Climati
  • Mario Morra
Carlo Savina a.k.a. Savage Man Savage Beast; uncut run time 94 min
Savana violenta 1976a.k.a. This Violent World
Dolce e selvaggio 1983Daniele Patucchia.k.a. Sweet and Savage

The 1978 Faces of Death popularized a mondo style known as "death films", which depicted humans or animals dying in graphic ways.

John Alan Schwartz
TitleYearDirectorScreenplayNotes
The Faces of Death Series 1978–1996John Alan SchwartzJohn Alan SchwartzSix parts
The Worst of Faces of Death 1987 Compilation of first three Faces of Death films
Faces of Death: Fact or Fiction? 1999
  • John Alan Schwartz
  • James B. Schwartz
Documentary about Faces of Death

Uwe Schier bought the rights to the Mondo Cane and Faces of Death films and released his own entries in both series, consisting largely of footage lifted from other mondo films. Faces of Death 5 draws heavily on Death Scenes; Faces of Death 6 consists almost entirely of Days of Fury and Mondo Cane IV (not to be confused with Mondo Cane 2000, l'Incredibile, Schier's Mondo Cane IV is in fact the fifth film in the series) lifts from other films (including Death Scenes and Death Faces IV). [12] In 1993, Hurricane Pictures edited a mix of scenes featured in Addio ultimo uomo and Shocking Africa, labeling it the "fifth chapter" of the saga (Teil V in German).

Uwe Schier
TitleYearCountryNotes
Mondo Cane IV1992Germany
Mondo Cane teil V1993a.k.a. Mondo Cane 5
Faces of Death 51995
Faces of Death 61996

Several imitators followed the Faces of Death series; many used (or were composed entirely of) footage from other mondo films.

Faces of Death imitators
TitleYearDirectorScreenplayMusicNotes
Banned from Television1998 Joe Francis APM Music Three parts; released in the US by Mantra Films.
Banned! In America1998–2003Nomo Ichi Delta 9 Six parts; released in the US by Brain Damage Films.
The Traces of Death series1993–2000Damon FoxVariousFive parts
The Faces of Gore series1999–2000Todd TjerslandThree parts
The Best of Faces of Gore2000Compilation video
The Death Scenes series1989–1993Nick Bougas
  • Nick Bougas
  • F. B. Vincinzo
Richard Gibson, Peter H. Gilmore Three parts
Other films
TitleYearCountryDirectorScreenplayMusicNotes
Mondo nudo1963ItalyFrancesco De Feo Gian Carlo Fusco
Giuseppe Marotta
Teo Usuelli a.k.a. Naked World
I tabu1963Italy Romolo Marcellini Ugo Guerraa.k.a. Taboos of the World
Il pelo nel mondo 1964 Italy Antonio Margheriti
Marco Vicario
Antonio Margheriti
Marco Vicario
Bruno Nicolai
Nino Oliviero
a.k.a. Go Go Go World and Weird, Wicked World
Kwaheri: Vanishing Africa 1964United StatesThor L. Brooks
Byron Chudnow
Michael VittesByron Ross
I Malamondo1964ItalyPaolo CavaraGuido Castaldo
Paolo Cavara
Ugo Gregoretti
Francesco Torti
Ennio Morricone
Le Schiave Esistono Ancora1964Italy
  • Baccio Bandini
  • Gianfranco Calderoni
  • Roberto Malenotti
Teo Usuellia.k.a. Slave Trade in the World Today
Ecco1964ItalyGianni ProiaR.W CresseRiz Ortolania.k.a. This Shocking World
Mondo Balordo1964Italy Roberto Bianchi Montero
  • Guido Castaldo
  • Francesco Torti
English version narrated by Boris Karloff
L'amore primitivo 1964Italy Luigi Scattini
  • Massimo Pupillo
  • Luigi Scattini
Lallo Gori a.k.a. Primitive Love
Mondo Topless 1966United States Russ Meyer The Aladdins
Mondo Freudo1966United States Lee Frost
  • Rodney Lee Bermingham
  • The Duvals
  • Chuck Morgan
  • Bill Wild
Mondo Bizarro1966United StatesLee FrostLawrence Von Lattman
Macabro1966ItalyRomolo MarcelliniGiancarlo Del Re
The Mystery and the Pleasure1966United KingdomEdward Stewart Abrahama.k.a. Our Incredible World
Mondo oscenità1966United StatesJoseph P. MawraErnest Franklina.k.a. World of Obscenity
Mondo Hollywood 1967United StatesRobert Carl Cohen Mike Curb
Sweden: Heaven and Hell 1968ItalyLuigi Scattini Piero Umiliani
L'altra faccia del peccato1969ItalyMarcello Avallone
  • Giacinto Ciaccio
  • Massimo D'Avak
Peppino De Lucaa.k.a. The Queer, the Erotic
Mille peccati... nessuna virtù1969Italy Sergio Martino Peppino De Lucaa.k.a. Mondo Sex
Inghilterra nuda1969Italy Vittorio De Sisti Pino De Martino
Ettore Mattia
Piero Piccioni a.k.a. Naked England
America così nuda, così violenta1970ItalySergio Martino Luciano Martino Bruno Nicolaia.k.a. Naked and Violent
Dove non è peccato1970ItalyAntonio Colantuoni
  • Antonio Colantuoni
  • Augusto Marcelli
Piero Umiliani a.k.a. Tämä on Suomi
(This is Finland)
Shocking Asia 1974West GermanyRolf Olsen
  • Rolf Olsen
  • Ingeborg Stein Steinbach
Erwin Halletz Uncut run time 94 min.
Australia After Dark 1975Australia John D. Lamond
Notti Porno nel Mondo1977ItalyBruno MatteiGianni Marchettia.k.a. Mondo Erotica
This Is America1977United StatesRomano VanderbesEmmanuel Vardia.k.a. Crazy Ridiculous American People (UK), Jabberwalk
Brutes and Savages1978United StatesArthur DavisJenny CravenRiz Ortolani
Mr. Mike's Mondo Video 1979United States Michael O'Donoghue Mitch GlazerPaul Shaffer
This Is America Part 21980United StatesRomano VanderbesBill MillingEmmanuel Vardi
Days of Fury1980United StatesFred Warshofskya.k.a. Doomsday
Des Morts1981
  • France
  • Belgium
Jean-Pol Ferbus
Dominique Garny
Thierry Zéno
Alain Pierrea.k.a. Of the Dead; uncut run time 105 min.
Great White Death 1981
  • Canada
  • United States
Jean-Patrick LebelJean Sauvageaua.k.a. Sharks! Pirates of the Deep
The Killing of America 1982United States
  • Sheldon Renan
  • Leonard Schrader
  • Chieko Schrader
  • Leonard Schrader
a.k.a. Violence U.S.A. in Japan; uncut run time 90 min.
Shocking Asia II: The Last Taboos 1985West GermanyRolf Olsen Erwin Halletz
True Gore1987United StatesM. Dixon Causey
Mondo New York 1988United StatesHarvey Keith
  • Harvey Keith
  • David Silver
Luis Perico OrtizUncut run time 83 min.
Empire of Madness1989United StatesM. Dixon Causeya.k.a. True Gore II
Engineering Red 1993United StatesRussiaAndrey YiAndrey Yi
Mondo Ford2001United StatesUnited States
  • Scott Calonico
  • Ricardo Fratelli
Man VS Man2004Italy
  • Davide Lingua
  • Giuseppe Vercellotti
Murder Collection V.1 2009United StatesFred VogelDon Moore
Fred Vogel
Shelby Vogel
Jerami Cruise
Mondo Sexxxx: The Terry Kobrah Story2011United StatesLogan Myers
Mondo Delirium2011ItalyFlavio SciolèUncut run time 170 min.
Made in Italy2012ItalyJephta
Mondomanila 2012Philippines Khavn
Bootleg Death Tape2012United StatesDustin Ferguson
Most Disturbed Person on Planet Earth2013United StatesThomas Extreme Cinemagore
Most Disturbed Person on Planet Earth II2014United StatesThomas Extreme Cinemagore
Occult Holocaust2014United StatesDustin Fergusona.k.a. Occult Predator
Faces of Dying2015United StatesDustin Ferguson
Mondo Shock2016United StatesDustin Ferguson
Mondo CANEvese2016Italy
  • Davide Lingua
  • Pasquale Vigilante
At the shadow of the tower2017Italy
  • Davide Lingua
  • Luigi D'Alessandro
  • Fabio Tosa
Heart of Africa2018Italy
  • Davide Lingua
  • Pasquale Vigilante
Most Disturbed Person On Planet Earth 32019United StatesThomas Extreme Cinemagore
HollyWEIRD2020United StatesDustin Ferguson
Bootleg Death Tape II2020United StatesDustin Ferguson
Bootleg Death Tape III2020United StatesDustin Ferguson
Faces of Dying II2021United StatesDustin Ferguson
Faces of Dying III: The Final Assault2021United StatesDustin Ferguson
Mondo Shock 22021United StatesDustin Ferguson

See also

Related Research Articles

A snuff film, snuff movie, or snuff video is a theoretical type of film, produced for profit or financial gain, that shows, or purports to show, scenes of actual homicide. The victims are supposedly typically lured to their murders by false pretenses and their murder is then filmed and the video depicting it is sold to buyers.

<i>Cannibal Holocaust</i> 1980 Italian horror film directed by Ruggero Deodato

Cannibal Holocaust is a 1980 Italian cannibal film directed by Ruggero Deodato and written by Gianfranco Clerici. It stars Robert Kerman as Harold Monroe, an anthropologist who leads a rescue team into the Amazon rainforest to locate a crew of filmmakers that have gone missing while filming a documentary on local cannibal tribes.

<i>Traces of Death</i> 1993 American mondo film

Traces of Death is a 1993 American mondo film that consists of various scenes of stock footage depicting death and real scenes of violence.

Cannibal films, alternatively known as the cannibal genre or the cannibal boom, are a subgenre of horror films made predominantly by Italian filmmakers during the 1970s and 1980s. This subgenre is a collection of graphically violent movies that usually depict cannibalism by primitive, Stone Age natives deep within the Asian or South American rainforests. While cannibalism is the uniting feature of these films, the general emphasis focuses on various forms of shocking, realistic and graphic violence, typically including torture, rape and genuine cruelty to animals. This subject matter was often used as the main advertising draw of cannibal films in combination with exaggerated or sensational claims regarding the films' reputations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gualtiero Jacopetti</span> Italian film director

Gualtiero Jacopetti was an Italian documentary film director. With Paolo Cavara and Franco Prosperi, he is considered the originator of mondo films, also called "shockumentaries".

<i>Goodbye Uncle Tom</i> 1971 Italian mondo film by Franco Prosperi and Gualtiero Jacopetti

Goodbye Uncle Tom is a 1971 Italian mondo docudrama co-directed and co-written by Gualtiero Jacopetti and Franco Prosperi with music by Riz Ortolani. Based on true events, the filmmakers explore antebellum America, using period documents to examine in graphic detail the racist ideology and degrading conditions faced by Africans under slavery. Due to the use of published documents and materials from the public record, it is labeled a documentary, though all footage is re-staged using actors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Riz Ortolani</span> Italian composer (1926–2014)

RizieroOrtolani was an Italian composer, conductor, and orchestrator, predominantly of film scores. He scored over 200 films and television programs between 1955 and 2014, with a career spanning over fifty years.

<i>Mondo Topless</i> 1966 American film

Mondo Topless is a 1966 pseudo-documentary directed by Russ Meyer, featuring Babette Bardot and Lorna Maitland among others. It was Meyer's first color film following a string of black and white "roughie nudies", including Faster, Pussycat! Kill! Kill! While a straightforward sexploitation film, the film owes some debt to the French New Wave and cinéma vérité traditions, and is known to some under the titles Mondo Girls and Mondo Top.

<i>Man from the Deep River</i> 1972 Italian cannibal exploitation film directed by Umberto Lenzi

Il paese del sesso selvaggio, also known as Man From Deep River, Deep River Savages and Sacrifice!, is a 1972 Italian cannibal exploitation film directed by Umberto Lenzi and starring Ivan Rassimov, Me Me Lai and Pratitsak Singhara. It is perhaps best known for starting the "cannibal boom" of Italian exploitation cinema during the late 1970s and early 1980s.

<i>Africa Addio</i> 1966 Italian mondo film

Africa Addio is a 1966 Italian mondo documentary film co-directed, co-edited and co-written by Gualtiero Jacopetti and Franco E. Prosperi with music by Riz Ortolani. Jacopetti and Prosperi had gained fame as the directors of Mondo Cane in 1962.

<i>Savage Man Savage Beast</i> 1975 Italian mondo film

Ultime grida dalla savana, also known as by its English title Savage Man Savage Beast, is a 1975 Italian mondo documentary film co-produced, co-written, co-edited and co-directed by Antonio Climati and Mario Morra. Filmed all around the world, its central theme focuses on hunting and the interaction between man and animal. Like many mondo films, the filmmakers claim to document real, bizarre and violent behavior and customs, although some scenes were actually staged. It is narrated by the Italian actor and popular dubber Giuseppe Rinaldi and the text was written by Italian novelist Alberto Moravia.

<i>Killing for Culture</i> 1994 book by David Kerekes and David Slater

Killing for Culture: An Illustrated History of Death Film from Mondo to Snuff (1994) is the first book in the Creation Cinema series and deals with death in film and media.

<i>Dolce e selvaggio</i> 1983 Italian film

Dolce e selvaggio is a 1983 Italian mondo film directed by Antonio Climati and Mario Morra. The title "Sweet and Savage" refers to the juxtaposition of pleasant 'sweet' and violent 'savage' imagery within the film. It is narrated by the producer and long-time Mondo film director Franco Prosperi.

<i>Mondo Cane</i> 1962 Italian mondo film

Mondo Cane is a 1962 Italian mondo documentary film and directed by the trio of Gualtiero Jacopetti, Paolo Cavara, and Franco E. Prosperi, with narration by Stefano Sibaldi. The film consists of a series of travelogue scenes that provide glimpses into cultural practices around the world with the intention to shock or surprise Western film audiences. These scenes are presented with little continuity, as they are intended as a kaleidoscopic display of shocking content rather than presenting a structured argument. Despite its claims of genuine documentation, certain scenes are either staged or creatively manipulated to enhance this effect.

Paolo Cavara was an Italian screenwriter and film director. He is best known for collaborating with Gualtiero Jacopetti and Franco E. Prosperi on the 1962 mondo film Mondo Cane, and for directing the fiction film The Wild Eye (1967) and two giallo films, Black Belly of the Tarantula (1971) and Plot of Fear (1976).

<i>Mondo candido</i> 1975 Italian black comedy film

Mondo candido is a 1975 Italian black comedy film by Mondo directors Gualtiero Jacopetti and Franco Prosperi. It is a liberal adaptation of Voltaire's 1759 novel Candide.

<i>Women of the World</i> 1963 film

Women of the World is a 1963 Italian mondo film, also described as a "shockumentary", written and directed by filmmakers Gualtiero Jacopetti, Paolo Cavara, and Franco Prosperi. It was rushed into release on 30 January, following the international box-office success achieved by its predecessor, the initial mondo film, Mondo Cane, which premiered in Italy ten months earlier, 30 March 1962. The English language print was narrated by Peter Ustinov.

<i>Orozco the Embalmer</i> 2001 Spanish-language documentary film

Orozco the Embalmer is a 2001 Spanish-language Japanese-Colombian mondo film directed by Kiyotaka Tsurisaki. It follows a Colombian embalmer named Froilan Orozco Duarte, who is shown living in El Cartucho, an impoverished and crime-ridden area of Bogotá, Colombia, where the homicide rate is high and corpses can be seen on the streets.

Antonio Climati was an Italian cinematographer, filmmaker and film editor.

Franco E. Prosperi is a journalist and marine scientist who became a documentary director and producer. He is best known for his lasting collaboration with Gualtiero Jacopetti in the mondo film genre. His only fictional film was Wild Beasts.

References

  1. Kerekes & Slater, p. 108.
  2. Mondo New York (1988) The New York Times
  3. Kerekes & Slater, p. 102.
  4. Mondo Cane (1962) The New York Times
  5. Revisiting a Cinematic Smackdown, and Other Avant-Garde Pleasures The New York Times, October 1, 2009
  6. Mondo Cane Variety Reviews, December 31, 1961
  7. 1 2 Kerekes & Slater, p. 107.
  8. 1 2 Kerekes & Slater, p. 109.
  9. Kerekes & Slater, p. 315.
  10. Kerekes & Slater, p. 155.
  11. Dennison, Stephanie; Lim, Song Hwee (2006). Remapping World Cinema: Identity, Culture and Politics in Film. Wallflower Press. pp. 121–122. ISBN   978-1-904764-62-5 . Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  12. Kerekes & Slater, pp. 156-158.

Bibliography