Paxman Valenta

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Paxman Valenta
Hst-power-unit.jpg
Paxman Valenta V12 power unit with turbocharger and Brush Traction alternator fitted
Overview
Manufacturer Paxman
DesignerRoy Dingle, Morriss Clover, Arthur Hammond, Ray Roxby [1]
Also calledY3J and RP200 [1]
Production1972 (1972)–???? [2]
Layout
Configuration I6, 60° V8, 60° V12, 60° V16, 60° V18 [1] [3]
Displacement I6: 39.48 litres (2,410 cu in)
V8: 52.64 litres (3,210 cu in)
V12: 78.96 litres (4,820 cu in)
V16: 105.28 litres (6,420 cu in)
V18: 118.44 litres (7,230 cu in)
Cylinder bore 197 millimetres (7.756 in) [3]
Piston stroke 216 millimetres (8.504 in) [3]
Cylinder block material Cast iron
Cylinder head materialCast iron [3]
Valvetrain OHV, 4 per cylinder
Valvetrain drive system gear-driven
Compression ratio 13:1 [3]
RPM range
Idle speed 600 rpm [3]
Max. engine speed 1,640 rpm [3]
Combustion
Operating principle four-stroke diesel, turbo-charged & intercooled
Turbocharger water-cooled turbocharger, two on lower-power engines
Fuel system Lucas Bryce unit injector direct injection per cylinder [1]
Management Regulateurs Europa 1100 series centrifugal governor, remotely operable [3]
Fuel type diesel, 45 cetane [3]
Oil system wet sump, SAE30 or 40 [3]
Cooling system water-cooled [3]
Output
Power output I6: 1,007  kW (1,350  bhp; 1,369  PS) at 1,600  rpm
V8: 1,492 kW (2,001 bhp; 2,029 PS) at 1,600 rpm
V12: 1,680–2,440 kW; 2,280–3,320 PS (2,250–3,270 bhp) at 1,500-1,640 rpm
V16: 3,250 kW (4,360 bhp; 4,420 PS) at 1,640 rpm
V18: 3,655 kW (4,901 bhp; 4,969 PS) at 1,640 rpm [1] [3]
Dimensions
Dry weight V12: 8.12 tonnes (7.99 long tons; 8.95 short tons)
V18: 11.15 tonnes (10.97 long tons; 12.29 short tons) [1]
Chronology
Predecessor Paxman Ventura
Successor Paxman VP185

The Paxman Valenta, also known as Y3J and RP200, [1] is a diesel fuelled internal combustion engine formerly made by Paxman in Colchester, England. It was originally developed for, and previously used in the British Rail (BR) Class 43 diesel-electric locomotives, a pair of which powered the InterCity 125 High Speed Train (HST) in a push-pull train set configuration. The Valenta has also been used for electricity generation in diesel generators on offshore oil rig platforms in British waters. [2]

Contents

It is still in use in various marine applications today, such as the Upholder / Victoria class submarines, and additionally to provide the electrical power to propel and operate the Royal Navy's Type 23 frigates. The Valenta marine range was available brake powers ranging from 695 to 3,655 kilowatts (940 to 4,970 metric horsepower ; 930 to 4,900 brake horsepower ) rated to ISO 3046. [3]

History

Locomotive use

Class 43 with Paxman Valenta engine at York. 254012 , York.jpg
Class 43 with Paxman Valenta engine at York.

The Paxman Valenta was developed in the early 1970s for British Rail (BR) with the aim of using in both freight and passenger locomotives. [4] The engine was used in 1972 in the two pre-production Class 41, [2] and 197 production Class 43 power-cars that were delivered to power HSTs between 1975 and 1982. In June 1973, the Valenta powered HST prototypes achieved a world speed record for diesel traction engines, reaching 143.2 miles per hour (230.5 kilometres per hour ). [2] This world speed record was beaten in 1987 by a Valenta powered production HST, this time reaching 148 miles per hour (238 kilometres per hour). [2]

The engine as originally fitted to the HSTs was designated 12RP200L, and was a V12 four-stroke diesel engine with direct injection unit injectors, turbocharger and air-cooled intercooler. It had a displacement of 78.96 litres (4,820 cubic inches ), which developed 2,250 brake horsepower (1,680 kilowatts ; 2,280 metric horsepower ) at 1,500  revolutions per minute. The design of the Valenta was based on the Ventura which was fitted to the Class 29 diesel locomotives, amongst others. The engine is famous for the 'Valenta Scream' on starting from rest, a distinctive high-pitched whine caused by the engine's turbocharger. [5] [6] [7] In 1977, the Valenta received the Queen's Awards for Enterprise. [8]

In 1985, four power-cars (43167-43170) were fitted with Mirrlees MB190 engines. [9] Beginning in 1995, a small number were fitted with Paxman VP185 engines, however the majority retained Valentas. [10]

In May 2005, First Great Western had Brush Traction fit two with MTU 16V4000 R41 engines, [11] these V16 units which utilise common rail fuel injection are ultimately capable of developing 2,720 kilowatts (3,700 metric horsepower; 3,650 brake horsepower), though they are de-rated in the Class 43 HSTs to match the performance of the original Paxman engine. [7] Judged a success, no doubt due to improved fuel economy, [7] as part of a project to extend the lives of the HSTs, First Great Western decided to re-power its entire fleet. Great North Eastern Railway (GNER), CrossCountry, Network Rail, and Grand Central also decided to re-power their fleets with MTUs. [12] [13] [14] The only operator not to was East Midlands Trains, which opted to replace its Valentas with Paxman VP185s. [15]

Grand Central's 43084 and 43123 were the last two Valenta-engined power-cars in service. They were taken out of traffic on 22 December 2010 for re-powering with the latter named Valenta 1972-2010.

Restoration

In May 2011, it was announced that the 125 Group would return prototype HST powercar 41001 to service. The power-car was at that time on static display at the National Railway Museum (NRM) in York, England. It received a full overhaul, and was fitted with a reconditioned Paxman Valenta RP200L engine, number S508 installed new into Virgin CrossCountry's 43153 in 2001, before re-installation into First Great Western's 43143 after a spell in storage. It was one of about 10 engines that the 125 Group obtained. [16]

On 15 November 2014, 41001 hauled its first passenger train in preservation. [17]

Australian XPT

New South Wales XPT, originally powered by Paxman Valenta engines. NSW Country Link 'XPT' High Speed Train (5 trailers + 2 power cars) with power car No.2013.jpg
New South Wales XPT, originally powered by Paxman Valenta engines.

The engine was also fitted to the State Rail Authority's New South Wales XPT, or Express Passenger Train, which was based on the HST power car design. Fifteen power car units were built in the 1980s by Commonwealth Engineering, Sydney, supplied with twenty Paxman Valenta engines rated at 2,000 brake horsepower (1,491 kilowatts ; 2,028 metric horsepower ). This was followed by four additional power cars (using four Paxman supplied Valenta engines) by ABB Transportation, Melbourne in 1994. [2] All were re-powered with VP185s in the early 2000s. [18] [19]

Usage

Inline 6 – 6RP200
V8 – 8RP200
V12 – 12RP200
V16 – 16RP200
V18 – 18RP200

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Carr, Richard (28 September 2022). "Paxman Diesel Engines since 1934 – Valenta (also known as the Y3J and the RP200)". PaxmanHistory.org.uk. Richard Carr's Paxman history pages. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Carr, Richard (31 March 2014). "Valenta and VP185 applications – Valenta (Y3J or RP200) applications". PaxmanHistory.org.uk. Richard Carr's Paxman history pages. Retrieved 16 August 2023.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Carr, Richard (31 December 2011). "Paxman Valenta (Y3J) technical specification". PaxmanHistory.org.uk. Richard Carr's Paxman history pages. Retrieved 16 August 2023.
  4. "Paxman Valenta will power freight and passenger locomotives". Railway Gazette International : 753. October 1970.
  5. Ford, Roger (1988). HSTs at Work. Ian Allan Publishing.
  6. The Future of the Diesel Engine. Rail Safety & Standards Board.
  7. 1 2 3 "Fitting the MTU power unit into the HSTs". RailwayPeople.com. CareerSite.biz Ltd. 15 August 2008. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2010.
  8. "Suppliers". Railway Gazette International : 171. May 1977.
  9. "HSTs to have Mirrlees engines". Railway Gazette International : 899. December 1985.
  10. "Paxman wins order for seven 12VP185 engines". Rail (255): 9. 21 June 1995.
  11. "Life-extended Angel HST rolls out of Brush for £1.5m trial". Rail (514). 25 May 2005.
  12. "Repowering the HST". RailwayPeople.com. CareerSite.biz Ltd. 28 July 2010. Archived from the original on 27 November 2010.
  13. "GNER confirms German built MTU engines for HST fleet rebuild". Rail (544): 12. 19 July 2006.
  14. "Brush wins XC Class 43 HST overhaul deal". Rail (586): 64. 27 February 2008.
  15. "East Midlands Trains goes for VP185s". Today's Railways UK (71): 58. November 2007.
  16. "Preservation Progress". 125group.org.uk. 125 Group. 20 April 2008. Archived from the original on 16 January 2009.
  17. "41001's Restoration & Introduction to Service". 125group.org.uk. 125 Group.
  18. Hollingsworth, Brian; Cook, Arthur (2000). "XPT Eight-car train". Modern Locomotives. p. 180. ISBN   0-86288-351-2.
  19. "Market". Railway Gazette International : 10. April 2000.