Permopsocida

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Permopsocida
Temporal range: Moscovian–Cenomanian
Psocorrhyncha burmitica.jpg
Psocorrhyncha burmitica
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
(unranked): Paraneoptera
Order:† Permopsocida
Tillyard, 1926
Families
  • †Psocidiidae
  • †Permopsocidae
  • †Archipsyllidae
Permopsocida.jpg

Permopsocida is an extinct order of insects known from the Carboniferous (Moscovian) to the Mid-Cretaceous. It is part of Paraneoptera, alongside bark lice (including lice), bugs and thrips. Within Paraneoptera it is considered to be closer to the clade containing bugs and thrips rather than bark lice, with an estimated divergence during the Late Carboniferous. The group was first named as a suborder by Robert John Tillyard in 1926, and was raised to a full order by Huang et al. in 2016. [1] It is currently divided up into three families, Psocidiidae which is known from the Permian to Liassic. Permopsocidae which is only known from the Permian, and Archipsyllidae, which is known from the Late Triassic [2] to mid-Cretaceous (Cenomanian). While most members of the group are known from compression fossils, several members of Archipsyllidae are 3 dimensionally preserved in Burmese amber, which has helped clarify the morphology and phylogenetic position of the group. [1] [3] [4] [5] The morphology of the mouthparts suggests that they were capable of suction feeding and chewing, with preserved angiosperm pollen grains in the gut of Psocorrhyncha suggesting that at least some members of the group were pollenivorous. [1]

Comparison of the head morphology of Permopsocida (b) with that of Psocodea (a) Thysanoptera (c) and Hemiptera (d) 41598 2016 Article BFsrep23004 Fig4 HTML.jpg
Comparison of the head morphology of Permopsocida (b) with that of Psocodea (a) Thysanoptera (c) and Hemiptera (d)
Head of Psocorrhyncha 41598 2016 Article BFsrep23004 Fig2 HTML.jpg
Head of Psocorrhyncha

Taxonomy

From Huang et al 2016 and subsequent literature

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References

  1. 1 2 3 Huang, Di-Ying; Bechly, Günter; Nel, Patricia; Engel, Michael S.; Prokop, Jakub; Azar, Dany; Cai, Chen-Yang; van de Kamp, Thomas; Staniczek, Arnold H.; Garrouste, Romain; Krogmann, Lars (March 2016). "New fossil insect order Permopsocida elucidates major radiation and evolution of suction feeding in hemimetabolous insects (Hexapoda: Acercaria)". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 23004. Bibcode:2016NatSR...623004H. doi:10.1038/srep23004. ISSN   2045-2322. PMC   4785345 . PMID   26961785.
  2. ↑ Lambkin, Kevin J. (2018-02-20). "A new genus and species of the family Archipsyllidae (Insecta: Paraneoptera: Permopsocida) from the Late Triassic of Queensland". Zootaxa. 4382 (1): 192–194. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4382.1.9. ISSN   1175-5334. PMID   29689945. Archived from the original on 2020-02-25. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
  3. ↑ Yoshizawa, K.; Lienhard, C. (2016). "Bridging the gap between chewing and sucking in the hemipteroid insects:new insights from Cretaceous amber". Zootaxa. 4079 (2): 229–45. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4079.2.5 . hdl: 2115/61234 . ISSN   1175-5334. PMID   27396002.
  4. ↑ Liang, F.; Zhang, W.; Liu, X. (2016). "A new genus and species of the paraneopteran family Archipsyllidae in mid-Cretaceous amber of Myanmar". Zootaxa. 4105 (5): 483–90. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4105.5.4. ISSN   1175-5334. PMID   27394792.
  5. ↑ Beutel, R. G.; Prokop, J.; Müller, P.; Pohl, H. (2019). "†Bittacopsocus—a new bizarre genus of †Permopsocida (Insecta) from Burmese Cretaceous amber". Zootaxa. 4576 (2): 357–366. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4576.2.9. PMID   31715767.
  6. ↑ Prokop, J.; Rosová, K.; Pecharová, M.; Sroka, P.; Leipner, A.; Nel, A. (2024). "The structure of wing in the earliest Permopsocida". Arthropod Structure & Development. 80. 101358. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2024.101358. PMID   38704966.
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