| Polyamblyodon germanum | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Spariformes |
| Family: | Sparidae |
| Genus: | Polyamblyodon |
| Species: | P. germanum |
| Binomial name | |
| Polyamblyodon germanum (Barnard, 1934) | |
| Synonyms [2] | |
| |
Polyamblyodon germanum, the German seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish in the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the southwestern Indian Ocean.
Polyamblyodon germanum was first formally described as Pachymetopon germanum in 1934 by the South African zoologist Keppel Harcourt Barnard with its type locality given as Durban in KwaZulu-Natal. [3] in 1935 John Roxborough Norman proposed Polyamblyodon as a new monospecific genus and designated Pachymetopon germanum as its type species. [4] The genus Polyamblyodon is placed in the family Sparidae within the order Spariformes by the 5th edition of Fishes of the World . [5] Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Boopsinae, [6] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae. [5]
Polyamblyodon germanum has the specific name germanum which was not explained by Barnard, it may mean “having the same parents”. This may be because Barnard was comparing this species to its presumed congeners in the genus in Pachymetopon , P. gibbosus and P. grande . [7]
Polyamblyodon germanum has an moderately deep, ovoid, compressed body which has a depth that fits into its standard length between 2.2 and 2.5 times. It has a bunnt snout with a steep concave dorsal profile between the snout and the hump in front of the eyes then slightly convex to the nape, the angle of the hump sharpening as the fish ages. The pelvic fin extends as far as the anus. The overall colour is blue-grey to bronze, lightening in colout ventrally with the darkest colour being on the forehead, cheeks and fins. [8] The dorsal fin is supported 11 spines and 11 or 12 soft rays while there are 3 spines and 10 or 11 soft rays supporting the anal fin. This species has a maximum published total length of 45 cm (18 in). [2]
Polyamblyodon germanum is endemic to Southern Africa where it is found from Maputo in Mozambique to Algoa Bay in the Eastern Cape. It is found at depths between 40 and 80 m (130 and 260 ft) [2] over reefs. [1]
Polyamblyodon germanum feeds on benthivc invertebrates such as tunicates, molluscs and crustaceans. Otherwise the biology of this species is little known. [1]
Polyamblyodon germanum is mainly caught by angling from ski boats, at depths between 15 and 50 m (49 and 164 ft) on rocky reefs. It is taken by commercial and recreational line fisheries in KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape where this species makes up less than 1% of the total landings. [9]
Pagellus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. These fishes are found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and the western Indian Ocean.
Lithognathus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. Species in this genus are given the common name of steenbras. The genus is found in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean from southwestern Europe to South Africa and into the southwestern Indian Ocean.
The black musselcracker is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is the only species in the monospecific genus Cymatoceps. It is endemic to South Africa.
Chrysoblephus gibbiceps, the red stumpnose, red stumpnose seabream or Miss Lucy, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This fish is endemic to the southwestern Indian Ocean off the coast of South Africa. The International Union for Conservation of Nature classifies this species as Endangered.
Chrysoblephus laticeps, the red roman or roman seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This fish is endemic to Southern Africa, ranging from Namibia to the Eastern Cape.
Diplodus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. These fishes are found in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and the western Indian Ocean.
Polyamblyodon gibbosum, the knife-back seabream or cristie, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is endemic to the southwestern Indian Ocean.
Chrysoblephus puniceus, the slinger seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the southwestern Indian Ocean where it is endemic to Southern Africa.
Argyrozona is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and progies. Its only species is Argyrozona argyrozona, the carpenter seabream or doppie, which is endemic to the waters off southern South Africa.
Diplodus hottentotus, the zebra, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This fish is found in the Western Indian Ocean off Southern Africa.
Diplodus capensis, the Cape white seabream or blacktail seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This fish is found around the coasts of Southern Africa.
Chrysoblephus anglicus, the Englishman seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This fish is endemic to Southern Africa.
Chrysoblephus cristiceps, the daggerhead seabream or dageraad, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This fish is endemic to the southwestern Indian Ocean and southeastern Atlantic Ocean off South Africa. This species is assessed as being Critically Endangered bt the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
Booposoidea is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. The only species in the genus is Boopsoidea inornata, the Fransmadam or Karel grootoog, which is endemic to the southwestern Indian Ocean off South Africa.
Chrysoblephus lophus, the false red stumpnose or the false Englishman, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This species is endemic to the South African waters of the southwestern Indian Ocean.
Pagellus natalensis, the Natal pandora, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the southwestern Indian Ocean.
Argyrops filamentosus, the soldierbream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This fish is found in the Western Indian Ocean.
Pachymetopon is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. The species in this genus are endemic to Southern Africa.
Pachymetopon grande, the bronze seabream or blue hottentot, is a species of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the southwestern Indian Ocean. It is an important spoecies for recreational fisheries in South Africa and for subsistence fisheries too.
Polyamblyodon is a genus of marin ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. The fishes in this genus are found in the Western Indian Ocean.
