Polygyridae

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Polygyridae
Neohelix dentifera.jpg
A live individual of Neohelix dentifera
MesodonThyroidusExBinney.jpg
Three views of a shell of Mesodon thyroidus from W. G. Binney, 1878 [1]
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia
Superorder: Eupulmonata
Order: Stylommatophora
Suborder: Helicina
Infraorder: Helicoidei
Superfamily: Helicoidea
Family: Polygyridae
Pilsbry, 1895
Genera

See text

Polygyridae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea. [2]

Contents

The Polygyridae make up a significant proportion of the land snail fauna of eastern North America, and are also found in western North America, northern Central America, and are present on some Caribbean islands. The definitive reference to the group is Henry Pilsbry's 1940 monograph. [3]

Anatomy

This snail family is distinguished from other gastropods on the basis of several anatomical features: They have no dart apparatus (see love dart), the muscles which allow the eyes and pharynx to be retracted are united into a single band, and the jaws are ribbed. [4]

In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 26 and 35 (according to the values in this table). [5]

Taxonomy

According to the Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005) this family consists of the following subfamilies and tribes:

Genera

This family is defined by an absent diverticulum and absent stimulatory organ. The two subfamilies, Polygyrinae and Triodopsinae, are distinguished on the basis of reproductive anatomy. [6] [7] [8] As some species in the subfamily Polygirinae show a penial appendage. This family is monophyletic. [9]

Pilsbry [3] uses the generic names Allogona , Ashmunella , Giffordius , Mesodon , Polygyra , Praticolella , Stenotrema , Trilobopsis , Triodopsis , and Vespericola . The remaining names listed here have either been elevated from Pilsbry's subgenera since 1940, or newly created.

Subfamily Polygyrinae:

Shells of species within the Polygyrinae

Subfamily Triodopsinae:

Shells of species within the Triodopsinae

Related Research Articles

Henry Augustus Pilsbry

Henry Augustus Pilsbry was an American biologist, malacologist and carcinologist, among other areas of study. He was a dominant presence in many fields of invertebrate taxonomy for the better part of a century. For much of his career, his authority with respect to the classification of certain substantial groups of organisms was unchallenged: barnacles, chitons, North American terrestrial mollusks, and others.

<i>Cryptomastix</i> Genus of gastropods

Cryptomastix is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Polygyridae.

<i>Polygyra</i> Genus of gastropods

Polygyra is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Polygyridae.

<i>Stenotrema</i> Genus of gastropods

Stenotrema is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Polygyridae. These are typically small to medium-sized snails, with a velvety or hairy shell surface, and a narrow aperture which is usually closely guarded by well-developed "teeth".

<i>Vespericola</i> Genus of gastropods

Vespericola is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Polygyridae.

Giffordius is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Polygyridae.

<i>Patera</i> (gastropod) Genus of gastropods

Patera is a genus of land snails in the family Polygyridae.

<i>Neohelix</i> Genus of gastropods

Neohelix is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Polygyridae.

<i>Xolotrema</i> Genus of gastropods

Xolotrema is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Polygyridae.

<i>Allogona</i> Genus of gastropods

Allogona is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Polygyridae.

<i>Appalachina</i> Genus of gastropods

Appalachina is a genus of small, air-breathing, land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Polygyridae.

<i>Daedalochila</i> Genus of gastropods

Daedalochila is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Polygyridae.

<i>Webbhelix</i> Genus of gastropods

Webbhelix is a genus of North American land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Polygyridae. The genus contains several taxa which were previously included under the name Triodopsis multilineata.

<i>Trilobopsis</i> Genus of gastropods

Trilobopsis is a genus of small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Polygyridae.

<i>Euchemotrema</i> Genus of gastropods

Euchemotrema is a genus of small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Polygyridae.

<i>Praticolella</i> Genus of gastropods

Praticolella is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Polygyridae.

<i>Lobosculum</i> Genus of gastropods

Lobosculum is a genus of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Polygyridae.

<i>Linisa</i> Genus of gastropods

Linisa is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Polygyrinae of the family Polygyridae.

Helminthoglyptinae Subfamily of land snails

The Helminthoglyptinae are a subfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks within the family Xanthonychidae.

<i>Daedalochila uvulifera</i> Species of gastropod

Daedalochila uvulifera, common name the peninsula liptooth, is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Polygyridae.

References

  1. ↑ Binney, William G. (1878). The Terrestrial Air-Breathing Mollusks of the United States and Adjacent Territories of North America. Vol. 5 (plates). Bull. Mus. Comparative Zool., Harvard. Plate 11.
  2. ↑ MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Polygyridae Pilsbry, 1895. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=993919 on 2021-02-11
  3. 1 2 Pilsbry, Henry A. 1940. Land Mollusca of North America (North of Mexico). Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Monograph 3, vol. 1(2): 575-994.
  4. ↑ Pilsbry, Henry A. 1939. Land Mollusca of North America (North of Mexico). Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Monograph 3, vol. 1(1): 1.
  5. ↑ Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs . CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, ISBN   0-85199-318-4. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.
  6. ↑ Pilsbry, H. A. 1940. Land Mollusca of North America (North of Mexico). Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Monograph 3, 1(2): 576.
  7. ↑ Emberton, K. C. 1991. The genetic, allozymic and conchological evolution of the tribe Mesodontini. Malacologia 33 (1-2): 71-178
  8. ↑ Polygyridae at ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System); accessed 18 Dec. 2007.
  9. ↑ Emberton, K. C. (1991). "Polygyrid relations: a phylogenetic analysis of 17 subfamilies of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 103 (3): 207–224. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1991.tb00903.x. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013.
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