Postage stamps and postal history of the Australian Antarctic Territory

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The Australian Antarctic Territory, claimed by Australia on 1 December 1959, [1] has used a postal system as its main point of contact since its establishment, due to its isolation. The territory covers over 5.8 million kilometres squared and currently has 5 stations, after Wilkes Station closed down in 1969. Each of the bases has their own post office that are run by Australia Post, who also controls stamp issues according to recent or important events within the territory. The history of the postage system dates back to the original post office within the territory, which first opened in 1955, which was in conjunction with a stamp release. The current system now combines new technologies with aged systems to create more efficiency, with recent stamp releases commending the history of the Australian Antarctic Territory and the Arts.

Contents

History

'DOG SLED AND TEAM', a part of the fourth stamp release for the Australian Antarctic Territory in October 1961 and worth 1 shilling at the time. 'DOG SLED AND TEAM'.png
'DOG SLED AND TEAM', a part of the fourth stamp release for the Australian Antarctic Territory in October 1961 and worth 1 shilling at the time.

Australia has issued postage stamps for the Australian Antarctic Territory since 1957. All have been Antarctic themed, and are also valid for postage in Australia, so in practice, they are just Australian stamps with a different inscription. The Australian Antarctic Territory Act (1954) allowed for a postage system to be introduced in 1955, under the commonwealth and after the territory had commenced philatelic colonialism. [1] The introduction of the system produced both a postmark and postcard, which could be used both on mainland Australia (for postage all over the country, not specifically to the Antarctic Territory) or from the Territory itself. [1]

Post

Past postage systems

Before the Australian Antarctic Territory Act was signed in 1954, all expeditions to Antarctica were customised with different rubber postage stamps, due to the adhesive postage stamp being not yet used amongst society. For the Australian Antarctic Expedition, 1911–14, [2] commandeered and under the leadership of Sir Douglas Mawson [2] a stamp was commissioned in order to show that letters were being sent from the ship used to travel to Antarctica. The stamps were round, with an emperor penguin and the inscription “LOOSE SHIP’S LETTER/POSTED IN ANTARCTICA/S.Y. AURORA”. [2] All letters leaving from the S.Y. Aurora were stamped with an Australian stamp, which was then covered with the official expedition stamp in order to show the location from which they were sent from. [2]

This system was adjusted in 1955 when the first post office was established in MacRobertson Land (Mawson Station), where letters were stamped with adhesive stamps and sent via plane or ship to mainland Australia, where they were sorted and distributed across the country.

However, when expeditions were organised, such as the South Indian Ocean Expedition to Heard Island (1964–65) and the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (1947–65), [2] rubber stamps were also commissioned, often featuring penguins, in order to clearly identify where letters were arriving from in the sorting office in mainland Australia.

Australian Antarctic Territory postage stamps

In the past, until approximately 1970, stamps were issued in both Australia and the Australian Antarctic Territory, and were available in Australian post offices for two weeks before being “procurable at the [Australia Post] Department’s philatelic sections in all States”, [3] in order to increase interest around the Antarctic discoveries for Australia. However, after this period, stamps for the Territory were issued in both Australia and the Australian Antarctic Territory, [4] yet limited in Australia to a small amount of stock which could be bought at Australia Post Offices. Throughout both periods, all stamps were still valid after their sale in both Australia and the Australian Antarctic Territory.

Past stamp designs
ANTARCTIC RESEARCH COMMEMORATION - Australian stamp Antarctic Research Commemorative Stamp - Australian stamp.jpg
ANTARCTIC RESEARCH COMMEMORATION – Australian stamp

Antarctic Research Commemorative Stamp: (Australian release only)

On the 17th of November 1954, [2] prior to the commencement of the postage system in the Australian Antarctic Territory, a stamp to commemorate the discoveries made and expeditions by

Australians within the Territory was issued throughout mainland Australia. [2] As pictured, it featured several important flora and fauna relevant to certain discoveries, including;

First stamp

MAP OF ANTARCTICA - Australian Antarctic Territory postage stamp MAP OF ANTARCTICA - Australian Antarctic Territory postage stamp.jpg
MAP OF ANTARCTICA – Australian Antarctic Territory postage stamp

The first stamp issued specifically for the territory was a two-shilling blue stamp with a design of explorers and an Antarctic map. This was first issued in Australia on 27 March 1957 and in Antarctica on 11 December 1957. The original stamp design of 1957, which included a map of Antarctica, was seen as an “aggressive geopolitical assertion of territory” [1] by the Australians, due to the map clearly marking the territory's boundaries.  This caused issues within Antarctica as a whole, as the “issuing of postmarks can only be performed by a sovereign state”. [1] However, more than 23,000 letters were stamped with this postmark up until 1959, [1] when several more stamps, such as the ‘Explorers at South Magnetic Pole’ and ‘Dog Sled and Team’ were released. [5]

This stamp also features the flying of the Australian flag, in Vestfold Hills, Antarctica, on 3 March 1954, [2] after a temporary landing in the Antarctic by Peter Shaw, Philip Law, and Dr. Arthur Gwynn. [2] The flag flying image was converted to a drawing from a photograph donated by ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions), showing the three scientists next to the flag waving in the wind. [2] This first stamp was sold at only two shillings per print. [6]

The first commemorative stamp

The first commemorative stamp (as seen in the infobox) of the Australian Antarctic Territory was released on the 16th of October, 1961 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the first Antarctic Expedition in 1911, [5] led by the Australian scientist and explorer, Sir Douglas Mawson. This stamp features an image of Mawson on this expedition, surrounded by the words ‘Australian Antarctic Territory’. On the day of release for this stamp, Lady Francisca Adriana Mawson, the widowed wife of Mawson, received a “special album on behalf of the Postmaster General, Hon. C. W. Davidson”. [2] The album contained a sheet of the minted stamps of Mawson, as well as past Australian Antarctic Territory that had also depicted him, such as ‘Explorers at South Magnetic Pole’ (1959). [2] Similarly, an “imperforate block of four of the Mawson stamps was presented to Sir Thomas Playford, Premier of South Australia, for inclusion in the collection of the National Gallery of South Australia”. [2]

Current postage system

Mail is delivered according to the transport schedule of the Australian Antarctic Territory from Hobart International Airport, Tasmania. [6] All mail is consolidated at the Territory's Australian headquarters in Hobart, then consigned to transport, according to the schedule. [3] There are several regulations around the postal system, in order to ensure that it runs smoothly due to the limited movement between the Territory and mainland Australia. Some of these include that all mail over one kilogram is considered to be cargo, whilst mail under one kilogram is considered air mail. [3] All cargo mail leaves Tasmania with cargo flights, rather than on regular transportation flights. [3]

Recent stamp designs

2021

March 2021

The stamp issue of 6 March 2021 [7] showed printed images of contributors to the Australian Antarctic Territory Arts Fellowship programme. [7] There is one stamp design for music, painting, photography and sound recording, to "create opportunities for artists to work with art, science and technology partners”, [8] as well as use the Australian Antarctic Territory to gain inspiration for their artistic works.

Giles is featured on the ‘Music’ stamp, capturing her performance on the Harp at centenary of the first Australian Antarctic Expedition.

  • Associate Professor Philip Samartzis: (RMIT University, Melbourne)

Samartzis is portrayed on the ‘Sound Recording’ stamp, to capture the ‘experience of working in a unique research station’, and ‘explore the impacts of extreme environmental conditions on people’.

  • David Neilson:

Neilson's images from 1990 to 1991 and 2004 to 2005 are featured on the ‘Photography’ stamp, portraying the “great white south”

Lichen in Antarctica Islas Yalour 7, liquen.jpg
Lichen in Antarctica

The painter and sculptor appears with his highlights of his work; a series of 57 oil paintings from 2013 on the ‘Painting’ stamp.

October 2021

This issue, released on 5 October 2021, features four different kinds of Lichen endemic to the AAT.

They are:

Stamp issues

Pre-decimal stamps

Issue nameDateNumber in IssueDenominationsRef.
Definitive Issue27 March 195712s [9]
Definitives16 December 195955d, 5d, 8d, 1s, 2/3
50th Anniversary of the 1911 Mawson Antarctic Expedition 18 October 196115d

Decimal stamps

Issue nameDateNumber in IssueDenominationsRef.
Decimal Definitives28 September 1966111c, 2c, 4c, 5c, 7c, 10c, 10c, 15c, 20c, 25c, 50c, $1 [9] [10]
10th Anniversary of Antarctic Treaty 23 July 197126c, 30c
Bicentenary of Cook's Circumnavigation of Antarctica13 September 19727c, 35c
Definitives: Food Chain & Explores’ Aircraft15 August 1973121c, 5, 7c, 8c, 9c, 10c, 20c, 25c, 30c, 35c, 50c, $1
50th Anniversary of the First Flight Over the South Pole20 June 1979220c, 55c
Definitives: Antarctic Ships1972-82161c, 2c, 5c, 10c, 15c, 15c, 20c, 22c, 25c, 30c, 35c, 40c, 45c, 50c, $1
Sir Douglas Mawson Centenary5 May 1982227c, 75c
Regional Wildlife6 April 1983527c, 27c, 27c, 27c, 27c
12th Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, Canberra7 September 1983127c
75th Anniversary of the Expedition to the South Magnetic Pole 16 January 1983230c, 85c
Definitives: Antarctic Scenes1984-87152c, 5c, 10c, 15c, 20c, 25c, 30c, 33c, 36c, 60c, 75c, 85c, 90c, $1
25th Anniversary of the Antarctic Treaty17 September 1986136c
Environment, Conservation & Technology20 July 1988537c, 37c, 37c, 37c, 37c
Landscapes – Paintings by Sydney Nolan 14 June 1989439c, 39c, 60c, 80c
Anniversaries20 June 1991243c, $1.20
Antarctic Regional Wildlife24 May 1992545c, 75c, 85c, 95c, $1.20
Antarctic Regional Wildlife – Series II14 January 19933$1, $1.40, $1.50
The Last Huskies 13 January 1994445c, 75c, 85c, $1.05
Whales & Dolphins15 June 199545c, 45c, 45c, $1
Antarctic Landscapes16 May 199645c, 45c, $1, $1.20
50th Anniversary of ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition)15 May 1997545c, 45c, 95c, $1.05, $1.20
Antarctic Territory Transport5 March 1998445c, 45c, $1, $2
Mawson 13 May 199945c, 45c, 90c, $1.35
Antarctic Penguins 24 July 2000245c, 45c
Australians in the Antarctic17 May 2001205c, 5c, 5c, 5c, 5c, 10c, 10c, 10c, 10c, 10c, 25c, 25c, 25c, 25c, 25c, 45c, 45c, 45c, 45c, 45c
Leopard Seals 11 September 2001445c, 45c, 45c, 45c
Australian Antarctic Territory Research2 July 2002
Antarctic Ships15 April 200350c, 50c, $1, $1.45
AAT Mawson Station 1954 – 200413 February 2004
Aviation in the AAT6 September 2005
Fish of the Antarctic Territory1 August 200650c, 50c, $1, $1
Royal Penguins 7 August 2007
International Polar Year 2007 – 200816 September 200855c, 55c, $1.10, $1.10
Centenary of the First Expedition to the South Pole 1909 – 20098 January 2009
Poles & Glaciers4 March 2009255c, $2.05
Macquarie Island 26 October 2010460c, 60c, $1.20, $1.20
Icebergs 7 June 201160c, 60c, 60c, 60c
Centenary of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition 2 August 2011560c, 60c, 60c, 60c, 60c
Phillip Law 1912-20106 March 2011360c, $1.20, $1.80
Centenary of the Australasian Antarctic expedition4 September 2012560c, 60c, 60c, $1.20, $1.20
Mountains12 March 2013460c, 60c, $1.20, $1.80
Centenary of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition10 September 2013560c, 60c, 60c, $1.20, $1.20
Australasian Antarctic Expedition 1914 – Homeward Bound18 February 2014 [11]
Era of the Husky 9 September 2014470c, 70c, $1.40, $1.40
Colours of the AAT26 May 2015
The Dogs that Saved Macquarie Island 9 September 2015
Hurley's Journey21 June 20165$1, $1, $2, $2, $3
Hurley's Journey, 1914–1621 June 2016
Ice Flowers 20 September 20164$1, $1, $2, $3
East Antarctic Deep Sea Creatures 7 March 2017$1, $1, $2, $2
Cultural Heritage19 September 20173$1, $1, $2
Crabeater Seal 27 March 20184$1, $1, $2, $2
RSV Aurora Australis – 30 Years25 September 2018
Casey Research Station 26 March 2019
Mapping the AAT20 August 2019
Wyatt Earp Expedition, 194831 March 20203$1.10, $1.10, $3.30
RSV Nuyina 11 September 20204$1.10, $1.10, $2.20, $2.20
Australian Antarctic Territory Arts Fellowship16 March 2021
Australian Antarctic Territory Lichen 5 October 2021$1.10, $1.10, $2.20, $3.30
AAT Penguins22 March 2022$1.10, $1.10, $2.20, $2.20 [12]

Used stamps

Used stamps from the territory are usually found with either mainland Australia postal cancels, or first-day cover cancels as there is relatively little genuine mail from the bases.[ citation needed ]

Bases

The Australian Antarctic Territory bases are:

Base cover sets are issued from Mawson, Davis, Casey and Macquarie Island stations.

All AAT mail will be cancelled with a postmark from one of these bases, though First Day Covers are now thought to be cancelled with the relevant base name at the Australian Philatelic Bureau, and not all bases are currently in use or permanently occupied.[ citation needed ]

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Collis, Christy. "Mawson and Mirnyy Stations: the spatiality of the Australian Antarctic Territory, 1954–61." Australian Geographer 38, no. 2 (2007)
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Milner, R. M. Postal History of the Australian Antarctic 1911–1965, 2nd ed. London: Robson Lowe Limited, 1975.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Parliament of Australia. "Postage Stamps for Australian Antarctic Territories – Press Statement." Last modified     December 16, 1959.
  4. ↑ Verbitsky, Jane. "Antarctic tourism management and regulation: the need for change." Polar Record 49, no. 03 (July 2013)
  5. 1 2 Walker, Vic. Collect Australian Stamps: A Simplified Guide of Australian and Australian Antarctic Territory Postage Stamps, 9th ed. Dubbo, NSW: Victoria Stamp Traders, 1993.
  6. 1 2 Australian Antarctic Program. Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment. Last modified April 30, 2019.
  7. 1 2 Australia Post. "Stamp Issues: Mapping the AAT." Australia Post Collectables. Last modified March 16, 2021.
  8. ↑ "Antarctic Arts Grace New Australian Stamps." Australian Antarctic Program. Last modified March 16, 2021.
  9. 1 2 Pitt, Alan (2019). STAMPS OF AUSTRALIA - 16th Edition. Banksmeadow NSW: Rennicks. pp. 250–267. ISBN   9780987105776.
  10. ↑ "Australian Antarctic Territory (AAT) : Stamps : Series List". colnect.com. Retrieved 2021-10-22.
  11. ↑ "View All Stamps - Australian Antarctic Territory". Australia Post . 23 October 2021.
  12. ↑ "Stamp Bulletin 376". Australia Post Collectables. Retrieved 2022-02-18.
  13. ↑ "Cape Denison Post Office established". www.antarctica.gov.au. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
  14. ↑ "Australian Post's Antarctica branch marks 1st season". Reuters. 2011-01-31. Retrieved 2021-11-09.

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