Sallar of Shirvan

Last updated
Sallar
Shah of Shirvan
Reign1050 – 1063
Predecessor Bukhtnassar
Successor Fariburz I
Died20 February 1063
Shamakhi
SpouseUnnamed daughter of Abu'l-Aswar Shavur I
Issue Fariburz
Guzhdaham
House Kasranids
Father Yazid II

Abu Shuja Salar was the fifteenth Shah of Shirvan. He was the uncle and successor of Bukhtnassar.

Contents

Reign

Sallar was one of youngest sons of Yazid II. In 1049, Sallar rebelled against his nephew Bukhtnassar; he repelled him from Shamakhi, and thereafter had him captured and killed near Baylaqan, fortifying his rule.

He captured the Malugh castle (near modern Oghuz, Azerbaijan) and then had it rebuilt in 1053, building mosques and garrison around it. [1]

He later died on 20 February 1063, and was succeeded by his energetic son Fariburz I, who was already taken over authority by large during his father's reign.

Family

He was married to an unnamed daughter of Abu-l-Aswar Shavur I of Shaddadids. He had at least three sons:

  1. Fariburz I (r. 1063 – 1096)
  2. Guzdaham (d. 1072)

Legacy

His coins were found elsewhere in modern Azerbaijan, minted in Shabran and Beylaqan. His laqab s in legends were described as al-Malik Abu-Shuja, al-Malik Muazzam, al-Malik al-Ajal al-Akhlal al-Munawwar Abu-Shuja and al-Malik Abu-Mansur, while honoring the Abbasid caliph al-Qadir. [2]

An inscription bearing his name was found by Ilya Berezin in an old tower in Buzovna dating 1061 [3] and is currently kept at Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malik-Shah I</span> Third Seljuk sultan (r. 1072–1092)

Malik-Shah I, was the third sultan of the Seljuk Empire from 1072 to 1092, under whom the sultanate reached its zenith of power and influence.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tughril I</span> Founder and the first sultan of the Seljuk empire

Abu Talib Muhammad Tughril ibn Mika'il, better known as Tughril, was a Turkoman chieftain, who founded the Seljuk Empire, ruling from 1037 to 1063.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shaddadids</span> 951–1199 Kurdish Muslim dynasty in Armenia and Azerbaijan

The Shaddadids were a Kurdish Sunni Muslim dynasty. who ruled in various parts of Armenia and Arran from 951 to 1199 AD. They were established in Dvin. Through their long tenure in Armenia, they often intermarried with the Bagratuni royal family of Armenia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iskandar (Qara Qoyunlu)</span> Sultan of Qara Qoyunlu

Qara Iskandar ruled the Qara Qoyunlu or Black Sheep Turcoman tribe from 1420 to 1436. His struggles with the Timurid ruler Shah Rukh show that he was a brave leader, but he was not able to continue developing what he inherited from his father Qara Yusuf; his reign also saw the decline of the Qara Qoyunlu.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abu'l-Aswar Shavur ibn Fadl</span> Ruler of Dvin and Arran

Abu'l-Aswar or Abu'l-Asvar Shavur ibn Fadl ibn Muhammad ibn Shaddad was a member of the Shaddadid dynasty. Between 1049 and 1067 he was the eighth Shaddadid ruler of Arran from Ganja. Prior to that, he ruled the city of Dvin from 1022 as an autonomous lord. A capable warrior, and a wise and cunning ruler, Abu'l-Aswar was engaged in several conflicts with most of his neighbours. During his rule over Dvin, he was mostly involved in the affairs of the Armenian principalities. He collaborated with the Byzantine Empire in its conquest of the last remnants of Bagratid Armenia in 1045, but when the Byzantines later turned on him, he survived three successive offensives that sought to take Ganja. In 1049, a revolt in Ganja overthrew his infant great-great-nephew, Anushirvan. The rebels invited him to take up the family's emirate, and he moved from Dvin to Ganja. Under his rule, the Shaddadid dynasty reached its zenith. He undertook successful campaigns into Georgia and Shirvan, although the limits of Shaddadid power were exposed by his failure to take over the Emirate of Tiflis and by devastating raids by the Alans. At the same time, his reign witnessed the rapid rise of the Seljuk Empire and the extension of its control over the Transcaucasian principalities. Abu'l-Aswar became a Seljuk vassal in 1054/5. Although he gained control over the former Armenian capital of Ani through Seljuk patronage in 1065, this association also paved the way for the dynasty's decline after his death in November 1067.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shirvanshah</span> Title of the rulers of Shirvan (861–1538)

Shirvanshah was the title of the rulers of Shirvan from 861 to 1538. The first ruling line were the Yazidids, an originally Arab and later Persianized dynasty, who became known as the Kasranids. The second ruling line were the Darbandi, distant relatives of the Yazidids/Kasranids.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Akhsitan I</span> Shirvanshah

Akhsitan I was the 20th Shirvanshah after 1160, and thought to have reigned until the years 1197–1203/04. He was the son and successor of Manuchihr III. His mother was Tamar, a Georgian princess from the Bagrationi dynasty.

AliI was shah of Shirvan.

Abu Tahir Yazid or Yazid I was sixth Shah of Shirvan and third Shah of Layzan.

Muhammad III was the Shirvanshah from 981 to 991. He was the son and successor of Ahmad.

Ahmad of Shirvan was the eighth Shah of Shirvan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yazid ibn Ahmad</span> Shah of Shirvan

Yazid ibn Ahmad or Yazid II was the tenth Shirvanshah.

Abu Mansur Ali was twelfth Shah of Shirvan, ruling from 1034 to 1043.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fariburz I</span> Shah of Shirvan

Fakhr al-Din Fariburz ibn Sallar, better simply known as Fariburz I (فریبرز), was the sixteenth Shah of Shirvan, ruling from 1063 to 1096. His reign saw many major political balance changes in Caucasus, including expansion by the Seljuqs. He was considered a ruler with great diplomatic skills, and his kingdom extended from Mughan to Kumuk and Alania.

Afridun the Martyr was the eighteenth Shah of Shirvan. He was appointed governor of Derbent several times during his father Fariburz I's reign. "Afridun" is the arabicized form of the New Persian name Fereydun, an Iranian mythical hero.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Garshasp I of Shirvan</span> Shirvanshah

Garshasp I was the Shirvanshah from post-1203 to 1233/34. He was the son and successor of Farrukhzad I, whom he may have initially co-ruled with.

The Kasranids were a branch of the Shirvanshahs, who ruled the Shirvan region for 387 years. The word "Kasra" was derived from legendary king Kai Khosrow of Iran, reflecting a shift in naming tradition from Arabic to Persian and it was part of an effort to break with their Arabic roots by claiming to be successors of the Sasanians and the Kayanian dynasty.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emirate of Derbent</span>

Emirate of Derbent was a medieval state that arose on the Caspian trade route with its center in the city of Derbent. The latter occupied a key position among trade centers in the Caspian region. It was ruled by Hashimid dynasty, descendants of a freedman from Banu Sulaymtribe.

In the history of Azerbaijan, the Early Middle Ages lasted from the 3rd to the 11th century. This period in the territories of today's Azerbaijan Republic began with the incorporation of these territories into the Sasanian Persian Empire in the 3rd century AD. Feudalism took shape in Azerbaijan in the Early Middle Ages. The territories of Caucasian Albania became an arena of wars between the Byzantine Empire and the Sassanid Empire. After the Sassanid Empire was felled by the Arab Caliphate, Albania also weakened and was overthrown in 705 AD by the Abbasid Caliphate under the name of Arran. As the control of the Arab Caliphate over the Caucasus region weakened, independent states began to emerge in the territory of Azerbaijan.

The High Middle Ages, or Classic Feudalism Period in what constitutes the present-day Republic of Azerbaijan, lasted from around the 11th century to the 15th century AD. The High Middle Ages were preceded by the Early Middle Ages and were followed by the Late Middle Ages, which ended around the 15thcentury AD. Key historical trends of the High Middle Ages include the incorporation of the territories that constitute present-day Azerbaijan into the Seljuk Empire, the establishment of the Eldiguzids, the Mongol invasions and the rule of the Ilkhanate, the invasions of Timur and the establishment of the Turkoman Kara Koyunlu and Aq Qoyunlu tribal confederations.

References

  1. Minorsky 1958, p. 34.
  2. Seifeddini, M.A.; Mirabdullaev, A.M. (2004). Денежное обрашение и монетное дело Азербайджана IX-XIV веков (при феодальном государстве Ширваншахов и Ильдегизидов) [Money circulation and coinage of Azerbaijan in the 9th-14th centuries (under the feudal state of the Shirvanshahs and Ildegizids) (according to numismatic data)](PDF) (in Russian). Baku: Nafta Press. pp. 41–42.
  3. Berezin, Ilʹja (1850). Путешествие по Востоку (in Russian). Университетская Типография. p. 65.

Sources

Sallar of Shirvan
Born: ? Died: 1063
Regnal titles
Preceded by Shirvanshah
1050-1063
Succeeded by