Sports riot

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A sports riot is a riot that occurs during or after sporting events. Sports riots occur worldwide. [1] [2] Most riots are known to occur after the event is done, but some have been during the game (see football hooliganism). While association football is one of the more well-known triggers for riots, other sports which have triggered riots include ice hockey [3] and motorcycle racing. [1] There are a number of factors believed to influence whether riots occur, including cultural factors; environmental factors such as temperature, darkness, and noise; and witnessing player violence. [1]

Examples

A rioter stands on a car during the 2011 Vancouver Stanley Cup riot Stanley Cup Riot Vancouver 2011.jpg
A rioter stands on a car during the 2011 Vancouver Stanley Cup riot

The following are various examples of a sports riot:

Riot nameFromUntilDescription
Nika riots [4] 532In what is known to be one of the first forms of sports rioting, supporters of the chariot racing teams, the Greens and Blues, revolted against the Byzantine Empire's leader Justinian. At least half of the Empire's capital of Constantinople (now Istanbul) was burned by the rioters, and 30,000 people were killed. Soldiers under the Roman generals Narses and Belisarius trapped the rioters in the Hippodrome and slaughtered them.
Flag of Scotland.svg 1909 Scottish Cup Final April 17, 1909After the Scottish Cup ended in a tie, instead of going into extra time, an angry crowd invaded the pitch and tore down the goalposts, as well as attacking the mounted police, resulting in over 100 injuries.
Flag of the United States.svg Johnson-Jeffries riots [5] July 4, 1910After African-American boxer Jack Johnson defeated the "Great White Hope" James J. Jeffries in the "Fight of the Century", race riots erupted in dozens of U.S. cities.
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Richard Riot [6] March 17, 1955After the suspension of Montreal Canadiens great Maurice Richard, angry fans wrought havoc in Montreal, and Richard had to make a public appeal to end the riot.
Flag of the United States.svg The Roosevelt Raceway Riot November 8, 1963In an evening race at the former Roosevelt Raceway racetrack in Westbury, New York, two horses finished following a mid-race crash. The race was declared official, and it angered the 23,127 fans in attendance that night, setting off a riot. The fans were throwing bottles and other debris, and then jumping over the railing, smashing the tote board, followed by them attacking a judges booth. Finally, the fans set fires, as arriving firemen set their hoses on the rioters to push them back. 15 people were treated for injuries. [7]
Flag of Peru.svg 1964 Lima football riot May 24, 1964In the worst riot in association football history, the host Peru was losing to Argentina, and before the game ended, the fans ultimately rioted, and the police fired tear gas into the crowd, as well as padlocking the gates, leading to 318 deaths, with many from asphyxia.
Flag of Sweden.svg Båstad riots May 3, 1968Demonstrators protested the participation of Rhodesia and South Africa in the Davis Cup, which led to intervention from the Swedish Police.
Flag of Australia (converted).svg 1971 South Africa rugby union tour of Australia 1971In South Africa's tour, anti-apartheid groups protested, resulting in a state of emergency in Queensland, leading to 700 people being arrested.
Flag of the United States.svg Ten Cent Beer Night June 4, 1974Ten Cent Beer Night was a promotion held by Major League Baseball's Cleveland Indians during a game against the Texas Rangers at Cleveland Stadium on Tuesday, June 4, 1974. The idea behind the promotion was to attract more fans to the game by offering 12 U.S. fl oz (354.9 ml) cups of 3.2% beer for just 10 cents each (regular price was 65 cents) with a limit of six per purchase. [8] During the game, fans became heavily intoxicated, culminating in a riot in the ninth inning.
Flag of the United States.svg Disco Demolition Night July 12, 1979Disco Demolition Night was an ill-fated baseball promotion that took place on July 12, 1979, at Comiskey Park in Chicago, Illinois. At the climax of the event, a crate filled with disco records was blown up on the field between games of the twi-night doubleheader between the Chicago White Sox and the Detroit Tigers. Many of those in attendance had come to see the explosion rather than the games and rushed onto the field after the detonation. The playing field was damaged both by the explosion and by the rowdy fans to the point where the White Sox were required to forfeit the second game of the doubleheader to the Tigers.
Flag of New Zealand.svg 1981 South Africa rugby union tour of New Zealand 198110 years after the controversial tour of Australia, South Africa began its tour of New Zealand, and like the '71 tour, South Africa became an international pariah due to its apartheid law. Protestors eventually revolted and broke into the country stadiums before and during games, leading to 2 of the games being cancelled.
Flag of the United States.svg Detroit 1984 World Series Riot 1984After the Detroit Tigers' World Series victory over the San Diego Padres in 1984, riots broke out that killed one person and left 80 injured and eight rapes reported. Millions of dollars in property damage including a burned squad car and taxi. Rocks and glass bottles were reportedly thrown at police who were wearing riot gear. [9]
Flag of the United States.svg Aggieville Riots 19841986In 1984 and 1986, after 2 college football games between rivals Kansas State and Kansas, a group of 6,000 celebrating KSU fans, after a 24–7 victory, crowded into a bar, and eventually became rowdy, and initiated a riot. 2 years later, after KSU once again defeated KU, this time 29–12, another group of 6,000 KSU fans, this time wearing "Riotville" shirts, rioted again, and also torched a Volkswagen Beetle.
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg 19 May incident May 19, 1985In Workers Stadium, rioting Chinese fans were silenced by the People's Armed Police.
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg 1986 Montreal Stanley Cup riot [6] 1986After the Canadiens won the finals, fans took to the streets to celebrate, and ended up rioting.
Flag of the United States.svg 1990 Detroit riot June 15, 1990Widespread rioting occurred in Detroit after the Detroit Pistons won the 1990 NBA Finals. Eight people were killed.
Flag of the United States.svg Chicago Bulls Championship riots 19911997Rioting and looting occurred in Chicago after the Chicago Bulls won the NBA Finals in 1991, 1992, 1993, 1996 and 1997
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg 1993 Montreal Stanley Cup riot June 9, 1993A year before the riot in Vancouver, Montreal experienced a riot shortly after their Canadiens defeated the Los Angeles Kings in the 1993 Stanley Cup Finals, as victory celebrations mutated into unrest. In the epicenter of the riots, Ste. Catherine St., stores were looted and police cars were set on fire. The riots eventually caused $2.5 million in damage, [10] $4.14 million in 2021 dollars. [11]
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg 1994 Vancouver Stanley Cup riot [12] June 14, 1994The National Hockey League's Vancouver Canucks lost to the New York Rangers in Game 7 of the 1994 Stanley Cup Finals. In what was supposed to be a congregation of 50 to 70 thousand fans led to riot after a man fell into the crowd. Policemen attempted to aid the man on bicycles, which the fans attempted to take, and the police fired tear gas into the fans, initiating the riot.
Flag of Denmark.svg 2000 UEFA Cup Final riots May 17, 2000The Wednesday before the UEFA Cup Final, a fan from Copenhagen was stabbed, and eventually, a group of Galatasaray fans confronted and provoked a group of Arsenal fans in a bar, starting a brawl. Later, approximately 500 Arsenal fans [13] attacked from the main road behind the Galatasaray fans. This caused a severe riot in the city square with several restaurant facilities used by fans to fight each other with iron bars and knives also being used. [14] This lasted about 20 minutes [13] before the police attempted to break up the fight with tear gas. [15] The violence, which reportedly included fans from other Premier League clubs, [16] lasted for 45 minutes. [17] There were further also clashes at the airport the day after the game. [18]
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg 2006 Edmonton Riots [19] May 12, 2006Following a playoff victory against the San Jose Sharks, up to 30,000 fans of the Edmonton Oilers flooded onto Whyte Avenue to celebrate, with vandalism breaking out and bonfires being built on the street. 49 arrests were made, 8 of which were riot-related
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg 2006 Basel Hooligan Incident May 13, 2006Fans of FC Basel 1893 stormed St. Jakob-Park in the waning minutes of a game against FC Zürich. Zürich eventually scored, and ended Basel's chances of a threepeat Swiss Super League championship. In an attack of Zürich player Iulian Filipescu, who scored the winning goal, a flare was thrown at him, and Filipescu and teammate Alhassance Keita was forced to kick at the fans before police detained the hooligans.
Flag of Italy.svg 2007 A.S. Roma–Manchester United F.C. conflict [20] April 4, 2007During a game between A.S. Roma and Manchester United F.C., groups of fans started throwing missiles over a barrier that was to separate the fans, prompting Italian riot police to enter the stadium, which eventually sparked a brawl.
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg 2008 Montreal riot [6] 2008After the Canadiens defeated the Boston Bruins in the first round of the 2008 Stanley Cup playoffs, fans began rioting in celebration.
Flag of the United States.svg 2010 Lakers riotJune 17, 2010After the Los Angeles Lakers defeated the Boston Celtics in game seven of the NBA Finals, fans rioted in celebration.
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg 2010 Montreal riot [6] 2010Montreal was stricken with a fifth riot after the Canadiens defeated the Pittsburgh Penguins in Game 7 of the Eastern Conference Semifinals of the 2010 Stanley Cup playoffs.
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg 2011 Vancouver Stanley Cup riot [21] June 15, 2011Seventeen years after the 1994 riot, Vancouver was faced with a second riot, after the Canucks lost, also in Game 7, to the Boston Bruins. Unlike in 1994, the fans met at giant screens, where Game 7 was being televised. Shortly before the game's end, fans began throwing bottles at the screen, as well as burning Canuck and Bruin jerseys and flags. The riot eventually escalated when fans began overturning and burning cars. In all, the fans burned 17 cars, as well as a fire truck, and ultimately, 85 rioters were arrested.
Flag of Serbia.svg 2012 European Men's Handball Championship riots [22] January 24, 2012January 25, 2012After a match between Croatia and France, Serbian hooligans attacked several Croatian fans, including a notable incident where a group of Croatian fans who were heading home were attacked by 50 masked men with axes, stones and bricks, and a fan was stabbed, with a Croatian van being set alight.
Flag of Egypt.svg Port Said Stadium riot [23] February 1, 2012In Port Said, Egypt, 79 people were killed by Al-Masry Club fans using knives, swords, clubs, stones, bottles, and fireworks as weapons, who were attacking the Al-Ahly S.C. players.
Flag of the United States.svg 2014 World Series civil unrestOctober 29, 2014October 30, 2014After the San Francisco Giants defeated the Kansas City Royals in the 2014 World Series, Giants fans set fires, vandalized buses and police cars, shattered windows of businesses, scrawled graffiti, and threw bottles at police. Two people were shot, one person was stabbed, and a police officer was badly hurt from fireworks exploding. 40 arrests were made. [24] [25]
Flag of the United States.svg 2016 World Series November 2, 2016November 3, 2016After the Chicago Cubs defeated the Cleveland Indians in the 2016 World Series, 14 people were arrested for disorderly and reckless conduct.
Flag of the United States.svg Super Bowl LII February 4, 2018February 5, 2018When the Philadelphia Eagles defeated the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LII, fans in Philadelphia reportedly flipped 1 car, tore down traffic lights outside Philadelphia City Hall, and collapsed an awning outside a city hotel. On the same night, 6 fans of the New England Patriots were arrested in Amherst, Massachusetts. [26] [27]
Flag of England.svg UEFA Euro 2020 July 11, 2021On the day of the UEFA Euro 2020 final between Italy and England riots broke out at the entrance to Wembley Stadium shortly after kick off, and after the match in Piccadilly Circus, Leicester Square and Trafalgar Square. A McDonalds was looted, a Burger King was looted and a Portuguese flag was burnt in Leicester Square. 86 people were arrested by police that day. [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33]
Flag of Mexico.svg Querétaro–Atlas riot March 5, 2022During a match between Querétaro F.C. and Atlas F.C., supporters from both clubs erupted into violence at the second half, causing the match to be suspended. [34] [35]
Flag of the United States.svg 2023 NCAA Division I men's basketball championship game April 3, 2023April 4, 2023After the UConn Huskies defeated the San Diego State Aztecs in the 2023 NCAA Division I men's basketball championship game, 16 people were hospitalized and 22 people were arrested after a riot broke out on the University of Connecticut campus. Fans flipped cars and started fires, in addition to tearing down light poles and using them as battering rams to break into campus buildings. [36] [37]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hooliganism</span> Disruptive or unlawful behavior such as rioting, bullying, and vandalism

Hooliganism is disruptive or unlawful behavior such as rioting, bullying and vandalism, usually in connection with crowds at sporting events. A hooligan is a person that engages in illicit reckless behaviors and is a public nuisance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Millwall F.C.</span> Association football club in London, England

Millwall Football Club is a professional football club in Bermondsey, South East London, England. They compete in the EFL Championship, the second level of English football. Founded as Millwall Rovers in 1885, the club has retained its name despite having last played in the Millwall area of the Isle of Dogs in 1910. From then until 1993, the club played at what is now called The Old Den in New Cross, before moving to its current home stadium nearby, called The Den. The traditional club crest is a rampant lion, referred to in the team's nickname The Lions. Millwall's traditional kit consists of dark blue shirts, white shorts, and blue socks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">UEFA Euro 2000</span> 11th European association football championship

The 2000 UEFA European Football Championship, also known as Euro 2000, was the 11th UEFA European Championship, a football tournament held every four years and organised by UEFA, the sport's governing body in Europe.

The Cardiff City Soul Crew football hooligan firm, associated with the Welsh football club Cardiff City. From its formation in 1983 onwards, the Soul Crew would on many occasions become one of the most active football firms in the United Kingdom.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Association football culture</span>

Association football culture, or football culture refers to the cultural aspects surrounding the game of association football. As the sport is global, the culture of the game is diverse, with varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness in each country. In many countries, football has ingrained itself into the national culture, and parts of life may revolve around it. Many countries have daily football newspapers, as well as football magazines. Football players, especially in the top levels of the game, have become role models.

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The Tartan Army are fans of the Scotland national football team. They have won awards from several organisations for their friendly behaviour and charitable work. They have also been criticised at times for aspects of their behaviour, however, such as indecent exhibitionism and jeering at "God Save the Queen".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Football hooliganism</span> Violent behaviour by football spectators

Football hooliganism, also known as soccer hooliganism, football rioting or soccer rioting constitutes violence and other destructive behaviors perpetrated by spectators at association football events. Football hooliganism typically involves conflict between pseudo-tribes, formed to intimidate and attack supporters of other teams. Certain clubs have long-standing rivalries with other clubs and hooliganism associated with matches between them can be more severe. An example of this is the Devon Derby . Conflict may arise at any point, before, during or after matches and occasionally outside of game situations. Participants often select locations away from stadiums to avoid arrest by the police, but conflict can also erupt spontaneously inside the stadium or in the surrounding streets. In extreme cases, hooligans, police and bystanders have been killed, and riot police have intervened. Hooligan-led violence has been called "aggro" and "bovver".

Association football in Northern Ireland, widely known as football or sometimes as soccer, is one of the most popular sports in Northern Ireland. The governing body in Northern Ireland is the Irish Football Association (IFA). Gaelic football, rugby union and association football are the most popular sports in Northern Ireland.

The Millwall Bushwackers are a football firm associated with Millwall Football Club. Millwall have a historic association with football hooliganism, which came to prevalence in the 1970s and 1980s, with a firm known originally as F-Troop, eventually becoming more widely known as the Millwall Bushwackers, who were one of the most notorious hooligan gangs in England. On five occasions The Den was closed by the Football Association and the club has received numerous fines for crowd disorder. Millwall's hooligans are regarded by their rivals as amongst the stiffest competition, with Manchester United hooligan Colin Blaney describing them as being amongst the top four firms in his autobiography 'Undesirables', and West Ham hooligan Cass Pennant featuring them on his Top Boys TV YouTube channel, on which their fearsome reputation for violence was described.

Football hooliganism in Poland first developed as a recognised phenomenon in the 1970s, and has continued since then with numerous recognised hooligan firms and large-scale fights. Until 1997, the number of related incidents rose, according to Przemysław Piotrowski of Jagiellonian University. The problem of hooliganism related to football has been compared to what he described as the dark days of football hooliganism in Eastern Europe in the 1980s. Hooliganism in Poland is considered to be on a larger scale than hooliganism in Britain. Many Polish football clubs have hooligan firms associated with them.

The 6.57 Crew is an English football hooligan firm and Vigilante group linked to Portsmouth F.C. The name, 6.57 Crew is taken from the time that the Portsmouth to London Waterloo train left Portsmouth and Southsea station. The firm were one of the most active firms in the 1980s.

Events from 2000 in England

The 2000 UEFA Cup Final Riots, also known as the Battle of Copenhagen, were a series of riots in City Hall Square, Copenhagen, Denmark between fans of English football team Arsenal and Turkish team Galatasaray around the 2000 UEFA Cup Final on 17 May 2000. Four people were stabbed in the scuffles, which also involved fans from other clubs and were viewed by the media as part of a retaliation for the killing of two Leeds United fans by Galatasaray supporters the month before.

Concerns and controversies related to UEFA Euro 2012 cover the themes and issues surrounding the 2012 UEFA European Football Championship in Poland and Ukraine. After Poland and Ukraine were chosen by a vote of the UEFA Executive Committee as host countries for UEFA Euro 2012, several issues arose. Preparation work proceeded more speedily in Poland than in Ukraine and, following a visit in April 2009, Michel Platini announced that all was on track and he saw no major problems. UEFA confirmed the appointment of the Polish cities of Warsaw, Poznań, Wrocław and Gdańsk. At the same meeting, an appeal for the delayed decision on the Ukrainian venues was granted to Lviv, Donetsk, and Kharkiv in order to meet specific conditions regarding infrastructure, with a warning that only Kyiv and the best prepared city of the other candidates would otherwise be used if issues were not resolved by the end of November.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Football hooliganism in the United Kingdom</span> Hooliganism associated with football in the United Kingdom

Beginning in at least the 1960s, the United Kingdom gained a reputation worldwide for football hooliganism; the phenomenon was often dubbed the British or English Disease. However, since the 1980s and well into the 1990s the UK government has led a widescale crackdown on football related violence. While football hooliganism has been a growing concern in some continental European countries in recent years, British football fans now tend to have a better reputation abroad. Although reports of British football hooliganism still surface, the instances now tend to occur at pre-arranged locations rather than at the matches themselves.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">UEFA Euro 2016 riots</span> Series of football riots in France

The UEFA Euro 2016 football championships in France saw several recorded instances of football hooliganism and related violence between fans, both at the venues where matches took place, and in cities near the participating stadiums. The violence started immediately before the tournament began, and involved clashes between several countries. Some of the rioting came from established gangs and football hooligan organisations, which deliberately intended to provoke violence. They clashed with riot police who controlled the crowds using tear gas and a water cannon.

The England 2006 FIFA World Cup bid was the Football Association's unsuccessful bid for the right to host the 2006 FIFA World Cup. The other bids came from Brazil, South Africa, Morocco and successful bidder Germany.

The 1996 Trafalgar Square riots in London occurred on 26 June 1996. After the England national football team was defeated by Germany in the knockout stage of UEFA Euro 1996 at Wembley Stadium, hooligans took over Trafalgar Square in the West End of London. Up to 2,000 hooligans, many drunk, pelted police and civilians with bottles, smashed windows and shops and overturned cars.

The 1999 Rotterdam riots refers to serious riots and clashes between Dutch security forces and football hooligans in Rotterdam, the Netherlands on 26 April 1999.

References

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  2. ↑ Roberts, Julian; Benjamin, Cynthia (2000-06-01). "Spectator Violence in Sports: A North American Perspective". European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research. 8 (2): 163–181. doi:10.1023/A:1008753024786. ISSN   0928-1371. S2CID   140746185.
  3. ↑ Lang, Kurt; Engel Lang, Gladys (1961). Collective dynamics. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell. OCLC   922139509.
  4. ↑ "CLIO History Journal - Justinian and the nike riots". Cliojournal.wikispaces.com. Retrieved 2012-08-14.
  5. ↑ "Race riots in dozen cities follow Johnson fight victory". upi.com. United Press International. July 5, 1910. Retrieved January 27, 2019.
  6. 1 2 3 4 "Cops gas hundreds of Montreal youths hours after Habs fans celebrate win - ESPN". Sports.espn.go.com. 2010-05-13. Retrieved 2012-08-14.
  7. ↑ Tuite, James (November 9, 1963). "Fans Riot at L.I. Raceway, Battle Police and Set Fires". The New York Times . p. 1. Retrieved 2010-04-23.
  8. ↑ Lebovitz, Hal. "10,000 six packs?" The Plain Dealer June 9, 1974: 2C
  9. ↑ "Detroit fans have history of combustible behavior, Mike Klingaman, The Baltimore Sun". The Baltimore Sun. 2004-11-25. Retrieved 2020-06-14.
  10. ↑ "SPORTS PEOPLE: HOCKEY; Cup Riot Bill is $2.5 million". The New York Times. July 4, 1993. p. 8.8.
  11. ↑ 1688 to 1923: Geloso, Vincent, A Price Index for Canada, 1688 to 1850 (December 6, 2016). Afterwards, Canadian inflation numbers based on Statistics Canada tables 18-10-0005-01 (formerly CANSIM 326-0021) "Consumer Price Index, annual average, not seasonally adjusted". Statistics Canada. Retrieved April 17, 2021. and table 18-10-0004-13 "Consumer Price Index by product group, monthly, percentage change, not seasonally adjusted, Canada, provinces, Whitehorse, Yellowknife and Iqaluit". Statistics Canada. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  12. ↑ "There Is No Joy In Vancouver". The New York Times. 1994-06-15.
  13. 1 2 Vivek Chaudhary (2000-05-19). "Surprise attack by Arsenal fans seeking revenge sparked battle". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2012-01-27.
  14. ↑ "Will hooligans ruin Euro 2000?". BBC News. 2000-06-06.
  15. ↑ "Three more stabbed in Copenhagen". BBC News. 2000-05-18. Retrieved 2011-12-29.
  16. ↑ "Violence not over, fans warn". BBC Online . 18 May 2000. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  17. ↑ "Charleroi lobby yet to learn lessons of Heysel". The Guardian. London. 2000-05-26. Retrieved 2012-01-27.
  18. ↑ Vivek Chaudhary and Jamie Wilson (2000-05-19). "Turkish and English fans clash at airport". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2012-01-27.
  19. ↑ "Lawyer sues Edmonton Police for Taser attack at Whyte Avenue riots during the 2006 Stanley Cup playoffs". Edmonton Sun. October 31, 2013. Retrieved 2022-12-03.
  20. ↑ "Fans clash with police at Man Utd". BBC News. 2007-04-11. Retrieved 2012-08-14.
  21. ↑ "From bad to brutal: Timeline of a riot | British Columbia". Ctvbc.ctv.ca. Retrieved 2012-08-14.
  22. ↑ "Serbia apologizes to Croatia for attack on fans at European handball championship". St. Albert Gazette. The Associated Press. January 25, 2012. Retrieved 2012-08-14.
  23. ↑ "Egypt football pitch invasion leaves dozens dead". The Guardian. London. 2012-02-01.
  24. ↑ S.F. picks up the pieces after raucous Giants revelry, San Francisco Chronicle , October 30, 2014.
  25. ↑ San Francisco Giants fans take to streets after World Series win, Reuters, October 30, 2014.
  26. ↑ 'Horrific scenes' and 'rioting': How national, worldwide media portrayed Eagles fans' post-Super Bowl celebrations, The Philadelphia Inquirer , February 6, 2018.
  27. ↑ UMass Amherst Rioted after the Super Bowl, Again, Boston (magazine), February 5, 2018.
  28. ↑ Law, Matt (13 July 2021). "Wembley disorder makes Spain and Portugal favourites to host 2030 World Cup". The Telegraph– via Yahoo! Sports.
  29. ↑ McGuinness, Ross (12 July 2021). "'They're thugs': Dozens arrested and 19 officers injured as football fans run riot before final". Yahoo! News.
  30. ↑ McGuinness, Ross (13 July 2021). "Wembley steward 'had pockets stuffed with cash bribes' as thugs gatecrashed Euro 2020 final". Yahoo! News.
  31. ↑ "UEFA EURO 2020 match schedule confirmed". UEFA.com. Archived from the original on 2018-07-12.
  32. ↑ "Crowd trouble at Wembley: Fans storm gates before Euros final | News | The Times". The Times . July 11, 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-07-11.
  33. ↑ Kostka, Andy (11 July 2021). "Fans riot outside Wembley Stadium ahead of European Championship". The Washington Times.
  34. ↑ Lopez, Oscar (6 March 2022). "Mexico Soccer Riot Leaves 22 Injured, Officials Say". The New York Times . Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
  35. ↑ Baer, Jack (6 March 2022). "Mexican soccer league suspends all Sunday matches after fan riot". Yahoo! Sports . Retrieved 6 March 2022.
  36. ↑ Eaton-Robb, Pat (June 27, 2023). "UConn returns home to celebrations, vandalism on campus". AP News. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
  37. ↑ Yankowski, Peter (June 27, 2023). "UConn: NCAA riots caused at least $123K in damage at Storrs campus, school seeks restitution". CT Insider. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
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