Dandenong Road in 2009, looking west toward St Kilda JunctionSt Kilda Junction looking south before widening, with High Street (now St Kilda Road) to the left and Barkly Street to the right. In the centre is the Junction Hotel.
Up until 1966, St Kilda Junction, along with the Haymarket roundabout on Royal Parade, was one of two giant roundabouts with trams running through the middle.
Before 1966, St Kilda Junction was the intersection of eight streets. They were, listed clockwise and starting from the north (with the route numbers of the time shown):[1]
St Kilda Road (National Route1 / State Route3), with trams
The intersection took the form of a large oval roundabout with another road link in the middle between the close edges. The trams from St Kilda Road traversed most of the intersection before splitting into three paths. Things were made all the more difficult by the fact that Queens Road joined the intersection at the point where the left service road of St Kilda Road left it.
In the late 1960s, the Bolte Government proposed plans for a major overhaul of the intersection, which ultimately led to its existing form.
Queens Road was rerouted slightly so it would enter the roundabout in the middle of its long side. It was then lowered, so that it passed under the intersection, to join a new street, Queens Way, which led into Dandenong Road (as Wellington Street had done before it.) Wellington Street's tram service was also re-directed along Queens Way. National Route1 (or Alternate National Route1, as it became when the Monash Freeway was built) was rerouted down Queens Road-Queens Way-Dandenong Road because it was much easier for traffic to pass the junction that way than from St Kilda Road. High Street was widened and became the southern part of St Kilda Road.
Road traffic could then pass through the junction on the major thoroughfares more easily, in most cases, but was unable to do so in others. For example, vehicles heading west could no longer go from Queens Way to Punt Road. Instead, they had to proceed to the first right turn on Queens Road (Union Street) to get access to St Kilda Road or Punt Road. Over one hundred and fifty houses, forty-two shops and fifty-two business, along with other premises, were demolished as part of the project.[2]
The trams were also realigned. The tramline was lowered to halfway between the first and second levels in the centre of the junction, with trams then able to reascend and continue down St Kilda Road or turn into Fitzroy Street, or descend further and turn into Queens Way. Overall, the area of junction expanded, taking in the points of intersection of all original streets, the junction now encompasses twelve streets. The tram line once diverted around the old Junction Hotel, which remained standing on its own for some time before it was eventually demolished, and the land became part of the median strip. The bridge designs for that work were undertaken by Melbourne engineer Bruce Day.
St Kilda Junction is also the location of one of Melbourne's well-loved suburban football/cricket ovals, the St Kilda Cricket Ground, which is generally known as the Junction Oval. Some of the parkland surrounding the Junction Oval was lost to the Queens Road realignment, but the original oval and the historic AboriginalCorroboree tree remained intact.
In October 2014, the St Kilda Junction Area Action Group (JaagStKilda.com) successfully lobbied VicRoads and the State Government to improve the unsafe and unfriendly pedestrian underpass, by installing improved lighting and giving the area a major clean-up. However, due to its car-centric design, significant problems remain at the junction for pedestrians, cyclists, and those using the tram and bus stops.
During July 2019 the tramline through the junction was shut down for rebuilding, during which the turnouts between St Kilda Rd and Fitzroy St were shifted north about 90 metres with gauntlet track for the intermediate distance. While space could not be made for a third track, as has been provided at many other junctions, the new design allows trams to travel (slightly) faster through the intersection.[3]
Trams
The following tram routes pass through St Kilda Junction:
St Kilda is an inner seaside suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 6 km south-east of the Melbourne central business district, located within the City of Port Phillip local government area. St Kilda recorded a population of 19,490 at the 2021 census.
St Kilda Road is a street in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It is part of the locality of Melbourne which has the postcode of 3004, and along with Swanston Street forms a major spine of the city.
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Melbourne tram route 96 is operated by Yarra Trams on the Melbourne tram network from Brunswick East to St Kilda Beach. The 13.9 kilometre route is operated out of Southbank depot with C2, E class, and on occasion A class trams.
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Junction Oval is a historic sports ground in the suburb of St Kilda in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Melbourne tram route 64 is operated by Yarra Trams on the Melbourne tram network from Melbourne University to Brighton East. The 18.1 kilometre route is operated out of Glenhuntly depot with Z and B class trams.
Fitzroy Street is the major thoroughfare of the beachside Melbourne suburb of St Kilda. Its fortunes have risen and fallen along with that of St Kilda itself, from wealthy residential district to a popular working and middle class beachside entertainment district, to cheap and seedy, and popular again in the late 20th century. In recent years Fitzroy Street itself has gone from a popular restaurant strip to the situation in 2017 where only a few restaurants remain amongst kebab shops and convenience stores catering the backpackers and many empty shopfronts. It is named after Charles Augustus FitzRoy, Governor of New South Wales in 1842 when St Kilda was first subdivided.
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The Melbourne tram network began in 1884 with the construction of the Fairfield Horse Tramway. However, the purpose of the line was to increase land prices in the area, and it soon closed during the depression in 1890. The first genuine attempt to construct a tramway network was the construction of the Richmond cable tram line by the Melbourne Tramway & Omnibus Company in 1885. Over the next few years, 16 more cable tram lines were constructed, as well as numerous other horse tramways. The depression of the early 1890s slowed further expansion of the cable network. The first electric tram line was the Box Hill and Doncaster tramway which opened in 1889. This was a pioneering line in what was then the countryside and thus didn't receive much patronage. It closed in 1896. The next attempt at an electric tramway was Victorian Railways' St Kilda to Brighton line, which opened in 1906. Later that year, the North Melbourne Electric Tramway & Lighting Company opened lines to Essendon and Maribyrnong. Many local councils formed their own tramway trusts and built tramways within their own constituency. The most successful of these was the Prahran & Malvern Tramways Trust.
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