Stagecoach in Hull's origins can be traced back to Hull Corporation Transport, whose tramway operations began in 1899. Motorbus operations began in 1909 with a fleet of six buses, later restarting in 1921 and expanding alongside the city's trolleybus network. The trolleybus network was officially abandoned on 31 October 1964, having been gradually replaced by fleets of Leyland Atlantean motorbuses.[2] Hull Corporation Transport was one of the quickest operators of one-person operated buses,[3] and on 10 November 1972, became the first bus operator in the United Kingdom to fully phase out the use of conductors.[4][5] Earlier in the same year, Hull Corporation Transport was renamed to Kingston upon Hull City Transport (KHCT), coinciding with the introduction of a new fleet livery and uniform.[6]
Prior to deregulation, KHCT shared Hull's bus network with then-National Bus Company subsidiary East Yorkshire Motor Services (EYMS), which had been split into three fare zones following a co-ordination agreement in 1934, in which both companies could gain a share of bus fares around the city. KHCT's operating area would expand throughout the 1970s with the construction of both the Bransholme and Orchard Parkhousing estates,[7] and in 1980, KHCT entered into the Crown Card weekly ticket scheme with East Yorkshire.[8] To comply with the Transport Act 1985 and ensuing deregulation of the bus industry, on 27 July 1986, the assets of KHCT were transferred to a new legal entity, Kingston upon Hull City Transport Ltd.,[9] which was soon followed by the closure of bus garages on Cottingham Road and Holderness Road, resulting in a significant downsizing of KHCT's bus fleet.[7]
Following deregulation, the co-ordination agreement between KHCT and EYMS, which was now owned by its management,[10] was abolished, and the two operators became engaged in competition from the late 1980s until 1994. Both companies began operating competitively on each other's network of services,[11] while KHCT was challenged by smaller independent operators entering Hull's bus network, including City Traveller, Connor & Graham, Metro Citybus and Pride of the Road/North Bank Travel.[12][13][14][15] These operators would eventually go bankrupt or were taken over by either KHCT or EYMS, with the former Citilink brand retained as a low-cost subsidiary of KHCT until it was wound up in 1992.[7][16][15]
As well as its core bus operations across Hull and Humberside, KHCT also expanded into outside ventures throughout the late 1980s and early 1990s. The 'Kingstonian' coaching arm, founded in 1982, would enter into the Continental European market with the acquisition of the formerly Eastern National-owned Voyage National in France in 1988, followed by acquiring the family-owned Kivits Reizen in the Netherlands in 1990.[17] In the United Kingdom, KHCT would acquire the coaching operations of York Pullman in February 1990 and take on a National Express coach service from York to London in May 1991,[18][19] as well as forming a vehicle engineering firm named 'The Garage' at the company's former central works and separate car and taxi hire franchises in Hull and Anlaby respectively.[20]
As a consequence of competition on its core bus network, however, KHCT incurred heavy losses, losing £2million and incurring £782,000 in debts in 1993.[21][22] KHCT's external ventures would be progressively sold or dissolved throughout 1992,[20][23] with KHCT's finance director being denied compensation by an industrial tribunal for unfair dismissal after 'The Garage' was found to have suffered from serious financial irregularities,[24] and the company were removed from the Crown Card ticket scheme amid sustained competition with EYMS.[25]
Faced with escalating financial losses and increased competition, Kingston upon Hull City Council sold KHCT to Stockton-on-Tees based Cleveland Transit in December 1993.[7][26][27] This deal saw KHCT's employees take a 49% stake in the company,[28] with a new livery of white and blue featuring a yellow band as well as a straplined logo reading "Employee Owners Working for You" similar to that of Cleveland's adopted,[29] and a year later, the deal led to KHCT's 'bus war' with EYMS ending after the two companies agreed to co-ordinate their Hull timetables.[30] Half of the city council's £2.7million profit from the sale, however, would be lost to a £1.4million debt owned to Humberside County Council,[31] and immediately after the sale, 18 drivers and four managers were laid off by KHCT in an attempt by Cleveland Transit to make the company turn a profit.[32][33]
In November 1994, Cleveland Transit and KHCT were sold to Stagecoach Holdings for £7.7million.[34] The Transit-era KHCT blue and white livery was initially maintained by Stagecoach, however on 1 January 1996, KHCT was formally renamed Stagecoach Kingston upon Hull, later shortened to Stagecoach in Hull, with the Stagecoach corporate livery being introduced by the spring of 1996.[35][36] Permission was granted by Hull City Council for Stagecoach to move operations from the former KHCT depot on Lombard Street to a new site on Foster Street, Stoneferry in November 1995, which was completed in 1996,[37][38] and the Kingstonian coaching arm was acquired by EYMS and integrated into its own coaching operations in March 1997.[39][40]
Stagecoach Kingston upon Hull and twelve other bus companies in Hull were summoned to the Restrictive Practices Court by the Office of Fair Trading in November 1998 after investigations revealed they were taking part in a price fixing and market sharing "cartel" on tendered Hull City Council school bus services.[41] The OFT stated that they had uncovered evidence of representatives of the thirteen companies, including Stagecoach, secretly meeting at a Hull hotel to agree on the minimum prices they would bid to run the services and what services each company would bid for.[42][43]
250 workers at Stagecoach in Hull affiliated with Unite the Union entered a period of strike action from 7 October to 7 November 2022 in a pay dispute, disrupting bus services provided for the annual Hull Fair.[49] The strike was scheduled to last until 29 December, however negotiations between Stagecoach management and Unite representatives involving Acas resulted in the strike suspended on 7 November and formally ended on 11 November, with workers receiving a backdated 20% pay rise of up to £13 an hour.[50][51]
Services
Simplibus network
Stagecoach in Hull was the second operator in Stagecoach East Midlands to launch a 'Simplibus' network, following the launch of Stagecoach Grimsby-Cleethorpes' network in 2014. The new Hull network saw existing routes renumbered from west to east into a numerical sequence of 1–16, as well as providing new services connecting Orchard Park Estate, Kingswood and East Hull. The new services launched on 6 September 2015 and replaced the previous Frequento network.[52]
Stagecoach in Hull first took on the Priory Park Park and Ride services as a commercial operation from CT Plus in September 2014, following a retendering process by Hull City Council. The company invested in five single deckers, three of which were given blue route-branding for the service, with the aim of improving bus services for the 2017 City of Culture events.[55] Stagecoach announced it was to withdraw from operating peak time services on the park and ride in June 2023 due to low passenger numbers and high operating costs,[56] however a deal was agreed in September 2023 for Stagecoach to continue running the service until March 2025, with the park and ride's operations being reduced to operating between 6:00a.m. to 9:30a.m. and 2:30p.m to 7:00p.m. on weekdays only and bus frequency moving from every 20 minutes to 30 minutes.[57]
Retendering by the East Riding of Yorkshire Council in 2019 saw Stagecoach in Hull gain the contract to operate a seasonal park and ride service in Bridlington from East Yorkshire, also launching a bus service operating from Hull to Bridlington three times a day.[58] Stagecoach would later gain Hull City Council bus service contracts from East Yorkshire in 2021, being awarded funding to run both an East Hull supermarket shuttle and services connecting two West Hull estates.[59]
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