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Baking powder is a dry chemical leavening agent, a mixture of a carbonate or bicarbonate and a weak acid. The base and acid are prevented from reacting prematurely by the inclusion of a buffer such as cornstarch. Baking powder is used to increase the volume and lighten the texture of baked goods. It works by releasing carbon dioxide gas into a batter or dough through an acid–base reaction, causing bubbles in the wet mixture to expand and thus leavening the mixture. The first single-acting baking powder, which releases carbon dioxide at room temperature as soon as it is dampened, was developed by food manufacturer Alfred Bird in England in 1843. The first double-acting baking powder, which releases some carbon dioxide when dampened, and later releases more of the gas when heated by baking, was first developed by Eben Norton Horsford in the U.S. in the 1860s.
Baker's yeast is the common name for the strains of yeast commonly used in baking bread and other bakery products, serving as a leavening agent which causes the bread to rise by converting the fermentable sugars present in the dough into carbon dioxide and ethanol. Baker's yeast is of the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and is the same species as the kind commonly used in alcoholic fermentation, which is called brewer's yeast or the deactivated form nutritional yeast. Baker's yeast is also a single-cell microorganism found on and around the human body.
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A biscuit, in most English speaking countries, is a flour-based baked and shaped food product. Biscuits are typically hard, flat, and unleavened. They are usually sweet and may be made with sugar, chocolate, icing, jam, ginger, or cinnamon. They can also be savoury, similar to crackers. Types of biscuit include sandwich biscuits, digestive biscuits, ginger biscuits, shortbread biscuits, chocolate chip cookies, chocolate-coated marshmallow treats, Anzac biscuits, biscotti, and speculaas.
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Nutritional yeast is a deactivated yeast, often a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, that is sold commercially as a food product. It is sold in the form of yellow flakes, granules, or powder and can be found in the bulk aisle of most natural food stores. It is popular with vegans and vegetarians and may be used as an ingredient in recipes or as a condiment.
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A saltine or soda cracker is a thin, usually square, cracker, made from white flour, sometimes yeast, and baking soda, with most varieties lightly sprinkled with coarse salt. It has perforations over its surface, as well as a distinctively dry and crisp texture.
Kraft Foods Inc. was a multinational confectionery, food and beverage conglomerate. It marketed many brands in more than 170 countries. 12 of its brands annually earned more than $1 billion worldwide: Cadbury, Jacobs, Kraft, LU, Maxwell House, Milka, Nabisco, Oreo, Oscar Mayer, Philadelphia, Trident, and Tang. Forty of its brands were at least a century old.
Dr. Oetker is a German multinational company that produces baking powder, cake mixes, frozen pizza, pudding, cake decoration, cornflakes, birthday candles, and various other products.
Fleischmann's Yeast is an American brand of yeast founded by Hungarian-American businessman Charles Louis Fleischmann. It is currently owned by Associated British Foods and is sold to both consumer and industrial markets in the United States and Canada.
Charles Louis Fleischmann was a Hungarian-American manufacturer of yeast who founded Fleischmann Yeast Company.
Julius Augustus Fleischmann was an American businessman, the long-time president of Fleischmann's Yeast, and a former mayor of Cincinnati. A bon vivant, sailor, and sportsman, he was the son of yeast magnate Charles Louis Fleischmann.
Walkers Snack Foods Limited, trading as Walkers, is a British snack food manufacturer mainly operating in the UK and Ireland. The company is best known for manufacturing potato crisps and other (non-potato-based) snack foods. In 2013, it held 56% of the British crisp market. Walkers was founded in 1948 in Leicester, England, by Henry Walker. The Walkers family sold the business in 1970 to American food producer, Standard Brands. In 1989, Walkers was acquired by Lay's owner, Frito-Lay, a division of PepsiCo.
The Royal Baking Powder Company was one of the largest producers of baking powder in the United States. The Royal Baking Powder is still marketed today.
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References
- ↑ "Morgan Mergers". Time . 1929. Archived from the original on June 18, 2011. Retrieved 2008-08-04.
But also announced last week was a Morgan-managed merger of Fleischmann Co., Royal Baking Powder Co., and E. W. Gillett, Ltd. ... No transportation problem existed in 1868 when Charles and Maximilian Fleischmann, immigrants from Austria-Hungary, and James Gaff of Cincinnati, founded Gaff, Fleischmann & Co. at Riverside, Ohio. Their first great forward step was made in 1876 when they exhibited a Model Vienna Bakery at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. From the fame of this exhibit came an increased demand for Fleischmann's yeast. Soon there was a Fleischmann plant on Long Island, then another at Peekskill, N. Y, Guiding spirit of the early Fleischmann company was Charles Fleischmann, who died in 1897. It was under the leadership (1897-1925) of the late Julius Fleischmann that the company went through its major expansion period. Following his death, his brother, Major Max C. Fleischmann, stepped to the front.
- ↑ "Standard Brands Co. Completes Merger" . The Standard Union. December 6, 1929. p. 2. Retrieved March 5, 2023– via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "Pennies from Leaven". Time . 1940. Archived from the original on October 14, 2010. Retrieved 2008-08-04.
But in spite of interests that have ranged from racing horses to backing ballets, the outdoorsy Fleischmann clan had something to worry about last week. For the descendants and in-laws of old Charles Fleischmann, who started a great industry in 1868 by peddling yeast in Cincinnati, are now the holders of close to 10% of the 12,648,108 outstanding common shares of huge Standard Brands Inc. And this No. 2 U. S. packaged food company (No. 1, General Foods) is not doing anything like as handsomely as the House of Morgan thought it would when it put it together around the Fleischmann Co. back in 1929.
- ↑ Martin Glenn. The Best Job in the World - The PepsiCo Walkers crisp Marketing Case Study. p. 06. ISBN 9780954951801.
- ↑ "Publicker Completes Sale of Liquor Business In U.S. for $35 Million". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
- ↑ Lazarus, George (April 26, 1981). "Was Standard driven into Nabisco's arms?" . Chicago Tribune. p. 5. Retrieved March 6, 2023– via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Nabisco-Foods-Group-Company-History.html Nabisco History
- ↑ RAY. KAMAL GHOSH (2022). MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS, SECOND EDITION: STRATEGY, VALUATION AND INTEGRATION. p. 486. ISBN 9789391818562.
