Subcostal arteries

Last updated
Subcostal arteries
Details
Source Thoracic aorta
Vein Subcostal vein
Identifiers
Latin arteria subcostalis
TA98 A12.2.11.020
TA2 4202
FMA 4613
Anatomical terminology

The subcostal arteries, so named because they lie below the last ribs, constitute the lowest pair of branches derived from the thoracic aorta, and are in series with the intercostal arteries.

Contents

Anatomy

Course and relations

Each intercostal artery is accompanied by the corresponding (i.e. ipsilateral) subcostal vein and nerve. [1] :276 Each passes along the lower border of the 12th rib. [2]

Before entering the anterior abdominal wall, each runs laterally upon the anterior surface of the lumbar fascia (and thus also anterior to the underlying quadratus lumborum muscle which the lumbar fascia envelops) posterior to the ipsilateral kidney. [1] :276 It then pierces the posterior aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis,[ citation needed ] thus entering the anterior abdominal wall to course in between the abdominal internal oblique muscle and transverse abdominal muscle (the neurovascular plane of the anterior abdominal wall). [1] :276

Branches

Each subcostal artery gives off a posterior branch which has a similar distribution to the posterior ramus of an intercostal artery. [2]

Anastomoses

It anastomoses with the superior epigastric, lower intercostal, and lumbar arteries. [2]

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The quadratus lumborum muscle, informally called the QL, is a paired muscle of the left and right posterior abdominal wall. It is the deepest abdominal muscle, and commonly referred to as a back muscle. Each is irregular and quadrilateral in shape.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Intercostal nerves</span> Nerves in the thorax and abdomen

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The internal iliac artery is the main artery of the pelvis.

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In human anatomy, the inferior epigastric artery is an artery that arises from the external iliac artery. It is accompanied by the inferior epigastric vein; inferiorly, these two inferior epigastric vessels together travel within the lateral umbilical fold The inferior epigastric artery then traverses the arcuate line of rectus sheath to enter the rectus sheath, then anastomoses with the superior epigastric artery within the rectus sheath.

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The iliohypogastric nerve is a nerve that originates from the lumbar plexus that supplies sensation to skin over the lateral gluteal and hypogastric regions and motor to the internal oblique muscles and transverse abdominal muscles.

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The lumbar arteries are arteries located in the lower back or lumbar region. The lumbar arteries are in parallel with the intercostals.

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The intercostal arteries are a group of arteries passing within an intercostal space. There are 9 anterior and 11 posterior intercostal arteries on each side of the body. The anterior intercostal arteries are branches of the internal thoracic artery and its terminal branch - the musculophrenic artery. The posterior intercostal arteries are branches of the supreme intercostal artery and thoracic aorta.

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The lumbar veins are four pairs of veins running along the inside of the posterior abdominal wall, and drain venous blood from parts of the abdominal wall. Each lumbar vein accompanies a single lumbar artery. The lower two pairs of lumbar veins all drain directly into the inferior vena cava, whereas the fate of the upper two pairs is more variable.

The lumbar fascia is the lumbar portion of the thoracolumbar fascia. It consists of three fascial layers - posterior, middle, and anterior - that enclose two muscular compartments. The anterior and middle layers occur only in the lumbar region, whereas the posterior layer extends superiorly to the inferior part of the neck, and the inferiorly to the dorsal surface of the sacrum. The quadratus lumborum is contained in the anterior muscular compartment, and the erector spinae in the posterior compartment. Psoas major lies anterior to the anterior layer. Various superficial muscles of the posterior thorax and abdomen arise from the posterior layer - namely the latissimus dorsi, and serratus posterior inferior.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Outline of human anatomy</span> Overview of and topical guide to human anatomy

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to human anatomy:

References

  1. 1 2 3 Sinnatamby, Chummy (2011). Last's Anatomy (12th ed.). p. 395. ISBN   978-0-7295-3752-0.
  2. 1 2 3 Gray, Henry (1918). Gray's Anatomy (20th ed.). p. 601.

PD-icon.svgThis article incorporates text in the public domain from page 601 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)