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Bashar Hafez al-Assad is a Syrian politician who has served as the 19th president of Syria since 17 July 2000. In addition, he is the commander-in-chief of the Syrian Armed Forces and the secretary-general of the Central Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, which nominally espouses a neo-Ba'athist ideology. His father and predecessor was General Hafez al-Assad, whose presidency between 1971 and 2000 marked the transfiguration of Syria from a republican state into a dynastic dictatorship tightly controlled by an Alawite-dominated elite composed of the armed forces and the Mukhabarat, who are loyal to the Assad family.
The Syrian Republican Guard, also known as the Presidential Guard, is an elite 25,000 man mechanized division, although it may actually approach corps size with around 60,000 guardsman. Its main purpose is to protect the capital of Syria, Damascus, from any foreign or domestic threats. The Guard was the only Syrian military unit allowed within the capital before the civil war.
Al-Hajar al-Aswad is a Syrian city just 4 km (2 mi) south of the centre of Damascus in the Darayya District of the Rif Dimashq Governorate.
The Syrian civil war is an ongoing multi-sided civil war in Syria fought between the Syrian Arab Republic led by Syrian president Bashar al-Assad and various domestic and foreign forces that oppose both the Syrian government and each other, in varying combinations.
The Free Syrian Army (FSA) is a big-tent coalition of decentralized resistance militias in the Syrian Civil War founded on 29 July 2011 by Colonel Riad al-Asaad and six officers who defected from the Syrian Armed Forces. The officers announced that the immediate priority of the Free Syrian Army is to safeguard the lives of protestors and civilians from the deadly crackdown by Bashar al-Assad's security apparatus; with the ultimate goal of accomplishing the objectives of the Syrian revolution, namely, the end to the decades-long reign of the ruling al-Assad family. In late 2011, the FSA was the main Syrian military defectors group. Initially a formal military organization at its founding, its original command structure dissipated by 2016, and the FSA identity has since been used by various Syrian opposition groups.
This is a broad timeline of the course of major events of the Syrian civil war. It only includes major territorial changes and attacks and does not include every event.
The following is a timeline of the Syrian Civil War from May to August 2012. The majority of death tolls reported for each day comes from the Local Coordination Committees, an opposition activist group based in Syria, and the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, another opposition group based in London.
The Battle of Aleppo was a major military confrontation in Aleppo, the second largest city in Syria, between the Syrian opposition against the Syrian government, supported by Hezbollah, Shia militias and Russia, and against the Kurdish-majority People's Protection Units (YPG). The battle began on 19 July 2012 and was part of the ongoing Syrian Civil War. A stalemate that had been in place for four years finally ended in July 2016, when Syrian government troops closed the rebels' last supply line into Aleppo with the support of Russian airstrikes. In response, rebel forces launched unsuccessful counteroffensives in September and October that failed to break the siege; in November, government forces embarked on a decisive campaign that resulted in the recapture of all of Aleppo by December 2016. The Syrian government victory was widely seen as a turning point in Syria's civil war.
This page provides maps and a list of cities and towns during the Syrian civil war.
A number of states and armed groups have involved themselves in the ongoing Syrian Civil War as belligerents.
The following is a timeline of the Syrian civil war from August to December 2014. Information about aggregated casualty counts is found at Casualties of the Syrian Civil War.
The following is a timeline of the Syrian Civil War from August to December 2015. Information about aggregated casualty counts is found at Casualties of the Syrian Civil War.
The following is a timeline of the Syrian Civil War from January to July 2014. Information about aggregated casualty counts is found at Casualties of the Syrian Civil War.
The White Helmets, officially known as Syria Civil Defence, is a volunteer organisation that operates in parts of opposition-controlled Syria and in Turkey. Formed in 2014 during the Syrian Civil War, the majority of the volunteers' activity in Syria consists of medical evacuation, urban search and rescue in response to bombing, evacuation of civilians from danger areas, and essential service delivery. As of April 2018, the organisation said it had saved about 114,000 lives, and that 204 of its members had lost their lives while performing their duties. They assert their impartiality in the Syrian conflict.
The following is a timeline of the Syrian Civil War from January to April 2016. Information about aggregated casualty counts is found at Casualties of the Syrian Civil War.
Diana Darke is an author, Middle East cultural writer, Arabist and occasional BBC broadcaster. Her work has appeared in the Guardian, the Financial Times, the Sunday Times, the Daily Telegraph and Al Araby. She graduated from Wadham College, Oxford, in 1977, where she studied German and Philosophy/Arabic, then went on to work for the British Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) and Racal Electronics Plc as an Arabic consultant. In 2005, Darke purchased a 17th-century courtyard house in the Old City of Damascus.
The 2012–2013 escalation of the Syrian Civil War refers to the third phase of the Syrian Civil War, which gradually escalated from a UN-mediated cease fire attempt during April–May 2012 and deteriorated into radical violence, escalating the conflict level to a full-fledged civil war.
References
- ↑ Режиссер "Викинга" снимет драму с Робаком про сирийский конфликт
- ↑ "BBC One - Panorama, Saving Syria's Children". BBC. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
- ↑ Felperin, Leslie (26 June 2014). "Return to Homs review – exhilarating and devastating documentary shot in Syria". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
- ↑ "Red Lines: Inside the Battle for Freedom in Syria". www.washingtoninstitute.org. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
- ↑ Weissberg, Jay (16 May 2014). "Cannes Film Review: 'Silvered Water, Syria Self-Portrait'". Variety.
- ↑ "'The hidden awful truth about war is how much fun it is': Vice". Evening Standard. 10 October 2014. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
- ↑ "50 Feet From Syria". Mountainfilm. 28 April 2016. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
- ↑ "7 Days in Syria (2015) | The List". film.list.co.uk. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
- ↑ Niola, Gabriele. "Venice buzz titles: the Syrian war documentaries". Screen. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
- ↑ Bradshaw, Peter (20 May 2016). "Peshmerga review – an intellectually gripping tribute to Kurdish fighters battling Isis". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
- ↑ "Salam Neighbor | Human Rights Watch Film Festival". ff.hrw.org. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
- ↑ Weissberg, Jay (31 August 2016). "Film Review: 'The War Show'". Variety. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
- ↑ Raeside, Julia (23 September 2016). "The White Helmets: Syria's extraordinary band of volunteer lifesavers". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
- ↑ "last-men-in-aleppo". www.sundance.org. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
- ↑ Dowling, Tim (23 Oct 2018). "A Dangerous Dynasty: House of Assad review – the making of a murderous tyrant". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
- ↑ Kenigsberg, Ben (17 October 2019). "'The Cave' Review: Do No Harm, for as Long as Possible". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
- ↑ Kermode, Mark (15 September 2019). "For Sama review – affecting chronicle of life in war-torn Aleppo". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
- ↑ "Syrian Warfare - PC". Game Pressure. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
- ↑ "New Video Game Lets You Kill ISIS While Fighting as Hezbollah in Syria and Lebanon". Newsweek. 23 February 2018. Archived from the original on 27 February 2018. Retrieved 27 February 2018.