Electric power transmission is the bulk movement of electrical energy from a generating site,such as a power plant,to an electrical substation. The interconnected lines that facilitate this movement form a transmission network. This is distinct from the local wiring between high-voltage substations and customers,which is typically referred to as electric power distribution. The combined transmission and distribution network is part of electricity delivery,known as the electrical grid.
Electric power distribution is the final stage in the delivery of electricity. Electricity is carried from the transmission system to individual consumers. Distribution substations connect to the transmission system and lower the transmission voltage to medium voltage ranging between 2 kV and 33 kV with the use of transformers. Primary distribution lines carry this medium voltage power to distribution transformers located near the customer's premises. Distribution transformers again lower the voltage to the utilization voltage used by lighting,industrial equipment and household appliances. Often several customers are supplied from one transformer through secondary distribution lines. Commercial and residential customers are connected to the secondary distribution lines through service drops. Customers demanding a much larger amount of power may be connected directly to the primary distribution level or the subtransmission level.
The electric power industry covers the generation,transmission,distribution and sale of electric power to the general public and industry. The commercial distribution of electric power started in 1882 when electricity was produced for electric lighting. In the 1880s and 1890s,growing economic and safety concerns lead to the regulation of the industry. What was once an expensive novelty limited to the most densely populated areas,reliable and economical electric power has become an essential aspect for normal operation of all elements of developed economies.
A substation is a part of an electrical generation,transmission,and distribution system. Substations transform voltage from high to low,or the reverse,or perform any of several other important functions. Between the generating station and consumer,electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels. A substation may include transformers to change voltage levels between high transmission voltages and lower distribution voltages,or at the interconnection of two different transmission voltages. They are a common component of the infrastructure. There are 55,000 substations in the United States.
Railway electrification is the use of electric power for the propulsion of rail transport. Electric railways use either electric locomotives,electric multiple units or both. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations,transmitted to the railway network and distributed to the trains. Some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and transmission lines,but most purchase power from an electric utility. The railway usually provides its own distribution lines,switches,and transformers.
Power engineering,also called power systems engineering,is a subfield of electrical engineering that deals with the generation,transmission,distribution,and utilization of electric power,and the electrical apparatus connected to such systems. Although much of the field is concerned with the problems of three-phase AC power –the standard for large-scale power transmission and distribution across the modern world –a significant fraction of the field is concerned with the conversion between AC and DC power and the development of specialized power systems such as those used in aircraft or for electric railway networks. Power engineering draws the majority of its theoretical base from electrical engineering and mechanical engineering.
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) is an Indian central public sector undertaking and the largest government-owned power generation equipment manufacturer. It is owned by the Government of India,with administrative control by the Ministry of Heavy Industries. Established in 1956 with the help of Soviet technology,BHEL is based in New Delhi.
A variable-frequency transformer (VFT) is used to transmit electricity between two alternating current frequency domains. The VFT is a relatively recent development. Most asynchronous grid inter-ties use high-voltage direct current converters,while synchronous grid inter-ties are connected by lines and "ordinary" transformers,but without the ability to control power flow between the systems,or with phase-shifting transformer with some flow control.
A phase angle regulating transformer,phase angle regulator,phase-shifting transformer,phase shifter,or quadrature booster,is a specialised form of transformer used to control the flow of real power on three-phase electric transmission networks.
The Calcutta Electric Supply Corporation (CESC) is the Kolkata-based flagship company of the RP-Sanjiv Goenka Group,born from the erstwhile RPG Group,under the chairmanship of businessman Sanjiv Goenka. It is an Indian electricity generation and the sole distribution company serving 567 square kilometres (219 sq mi) of area administered by the Kolkata municipal corporation,in the city of Kolkata,as well as parts of Howrah,Hooghly,24 Parganas (North) and 24 Parganas (South) districts in the state of West Bengal. It also serves power distribution in Kota,Bikaner and Bharatpur in Rajasthan under the name CESC RAJASTHAN. It serves 3.0 million consumers approximately,which includes domestic,industrial and commercial users.
A phasor measurement unit (PMU) is a device used to estimate the magnitude and phase angle of an electrical phasor quantity in the electricity grid using a common time source for synchronization. Time synchronization is usually provided by GPS or IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol,which allows synchronized real-time measurements of multiple remote points on the grid. PMUs are capable of capturing samples from a waveform in quick succession and reconstructing the phasor quantity,made up of an angle measurement and a magnitude measurement. The resulting measurement is known as a synchrophasor. These time synchronized measurements are important because if the grid’s supply and demand are not perfectly matched,frequency imbalances can cause stress on the grid,which is a potential cause for power outages.
China XD Group is a Chinese state-owned power engineering company and manufacturer of electrical equipment. The company was established in July 1959 and was formerly known as Xi'an Electric Machinery Manufacturing Company,it was also known as Xi'an XD,Xi'an Xidian,and Xi'an Electric
Amtrak's 25 Hz traction power system is a traction power network for the southern portion of the Northeast Corridor (NEC),the Keystone Corridor,and several branch lines between New York City and Washington D.C. The system was constructed by the Pennsylvania Railroad between 1915 and 1938 before the North American power transmission grid was fully established. This is the reason the system uses 25 Hz,as opposed to 60 Hz,which is the standard frequency for power transmission in North America. The system is also known as the Southend Electrification,in contrast to Amtrak's 60 Hz traction power system that runs between Boston and New Haven,which is known as the Northend Electrification system.
An electrical grid is an interconnected network for electricity delivery from producers to consumers. Electrical grids consist of power stations,electrical substations to step voltage up or down,electric power transmission to carry power long distances,and lastly electric power distribution to individual customers,where voltage is stepped down again to the required service voltage(s). Electrical grids vary in size and can cover whole countries or continents. From small to large there are microgrids,wide area synchronous grids,and super grids.
Energy in Ethiopia includes energy and electricity production,consumption,transport,exportation,and importation in the country of Ethiopia.
The Gilgel Gibe III Dam is a 250m high roller-compacted concrete dam with an associated hydroelectric power plant on the Omo River in Ethiopia. It is located about 62 km (39 mi) west of Sodo in the Southern Nations,Nationalities,and Peoples' Region. Once fully commissioned,it will be the third largest hydroelectric plant in Africa with a power output of about 1,870 Megawatt (MW),thus more than doubling total installed capacity in Ethiopia from its 2007 level of 814 MW. The Gibe III dam is part of the Gibe cascade,a series of dams including the existing Gibe I dam and Gibe II power station as well as the planned Gibe IV and Gibe V dams. The existing dams are owned and operated by the state-owned Ethiopian Electric Power,which is also the client for the Gibe III Dam.
Zaporozhtransformator (ZTR) is a Private Joint Stock Company,formerly - Zaporozhye Transformer Plant:a company specializing in the design and manufacturing of oil-filled power transformers,shunt reactors and magnetically controlled shunt reactors,with production facilities located in Zaporizhzhia,Ukraine.
The Serenje Solar Power Station is a proposed 200 MW (270,000 hp) solar power plant in Zambia. The project is rated as the largest solar project in the country. The power station is under development by Ultra Green Corporation Zambia Limited,a subsidiary of Ultra Green Corporation Inc.,an American independent power producer (IPP).
Djermaya Solar Power Station (DSPS) is a planned 60 MW (80,000 hp) solar power plant in Chad. The solar farm is under development and is owned by a consortium comprising (a) Aldwych International Limited,a subsidiary of Anergi Group and (b) Smart Energies. The power station will be developed in phases. Phase 1,with capacity of 32 megawatts will be developed first. Phase 2,with capacity of 28 megawatts will be developed after Phase 1.
