Williamson County is a county in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 205,226. The county seat is Franklin. The county is named after Hugh Williamson, a North Carolina politician who signed the U.S. Constitution. Adjusted for relative cost of living, Williamson County is one of the wealthiest counties in the United States.
Franklin is a city in, and the county seat of, Williamson County, Tennessee, United States. About 21 miles (34 km) south of Nashville, it is one of the principal cities of the Nashville metropolitan area and Middle Tennessee. As of 2017, its estimated population was 78,321, and it is the seventh-largest city in Tennessee.
Murfreesboro is a city in, and the county seat of, Rutherford County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 108,755 according to the 2010 census, up from 68,816 residents certified in 2000. In 2017, census estimates showed a population of 136,372. The city is home to both the center of population of Tennessee, and the geographic center of Tennessee. Murfreesboro is located 34 miles (55 km) southeast of downtown Nashville in the Nashville metropolitan area of Middle Tennessee. It is Tennessee's fastest growing major city and one of the fastest growing cities in the country. Murfreesboro is also home to Middle Tennessee State University, the second largest undergraduate university in the state of Tennessee, with 22,729 total students as of fall 2014.
The earliest recorded non-Native American settlement in the Triune area was by William Jordan, a man from Virginia who built a log cabin in the area in 1796, soon after the American Revolutionary War.[1] In the early 1800s, the community grew; it was then called Hardeman's Crossroads (or Hardeman Cross Roads) for an early landowner. Other settlers arrived from Virginia and Kentucky, often bringing slaves with them.
Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna. The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most populous city, and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision. The Commonwealth's estimated population as of 2018 is over 8.5 million.
A log cabin is a small log house, especially a less finished or architecturally sophisticated structure. Log cabins have an ancient history in Europe, and in America are often associated with first generation home building by settlers.
By the 1820s the community included several substantial buildings, including stores, saloons, and leather shops. Several local cotton plantations were developed in this area that had their own mills and cotton gins. Planters had brought in large gangs of enslaved African Americans to work at these plantations.[1] With their profits, they established Hardeman Academy in 1828 as a private school for boys. By 1830, Hardeman's Crossroads also had a post office.[1] The community later was called Flemingsburg.[2]
Plantations are an important aspect of the history of the American South, particularly the antebellum era. The mild subtropical climate, plentiful rainfall, and fertile soils of the southeastern United States allowed the flourishing of large plantations, where large numbers of workers, usually Africans held captive for slave labor, were required for agricultural production.
A mill is a device that breaks solid materials into smaller pieces by grinding, crushing, or cutting. Such comminution is an important unit operation in many processes. There are many different types of mills and many types of materials processed in them. Historically mills were powered by hand, working animal, wind (windmill) or water (watermill). Today they are usually powered by electricity.
A cotton gin is a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds, enabling much greater productivity than manual cotton separation. The fibers are then processed into various cotton goods such as linens, while any undamaged cotton is used largely for textiles like clothing. The separated seeds may be used to grow more cotton or to produce cottonseed oil.
The name Triune was derived from the name of the Triune Methodist Church, built in 1849 as the first church structure in the community.[2] Five schools for white children were built between 1820 and 1845.[2]
During the Civil War, Triune was the scene of several engagements. Several Confederate brigades under General Braxton Bragg were stationed in the area in 1862, and in December 1862 the area was the scene of military activity related to the Battle of Stones River. After Bragg's defeat there, Union Army forces occupied Triune and erected fortifications at the crossroads.[1][3] Between April and June 1863, several cavalry skirmishes took place in Triune, including one in June in which Confederate forces led by Nathan Bedford Forrest succeeded in penetrating Union lines.[1][4] The Methodist and Baptist churches, several homes, and the Porter Female Academy, a girls' school, were destroyed by fire as a result of military action in 1863.[5]
The American Civil War was a civil war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865, between the North and the South. The most studied and written about episode in U.S. history, the Civil War began primarily as a result of the long-standing controversy over the enslavement of black people. War broke out in April 1861 when secessionist forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina shortly after Abraham Lincoln had been inaugurated as the President of the United States. The loyalists of the Union in the North proclaimed support for the Constitution. They faced secessionists of the Confederate States in the South, who advocated for states' rights to uphold slavery.
The Confederate States Army (C.S.A.) was the military land force of the Confederate States of America (Confederacy) during the American Civil War (1861–1865), fighting against the United States forces. On February 28, 1861, the Provisional Confederate Congress established a provisional volunteer army and gave control over military operations and authority for mustering state forces and volunteers to the newly chosen Confederate president, Jefferson Davis. Davis was a graduate of the U.S. Military Academy, and colonel of a volunteer regiment during the Mexican–American War. He had also been a United States Senator from Mississippi and U.S. Secretary of War under President Franklin Pierce. On March 1, 1861, on behalf of the Confederate government, Davis assumed control of the military situation at Charleston, South Carolina, where South Carolina state militia besieged Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor, held by a small U.S. Army garrison. By March 1861, the Provisional Confederate Congress expanded the provisional forces and established a more permanent Confederate States Army.
Braxton Bragg was a senior officer of the Confederate States Army who was assigned to duty at Richmond, under direction of the President of the Confederate States of America, Jefferson Davis, and charged with the conduct of military operations of the armies of the Confederate States from February 24, 1864, until January 13, 1865, when he was charged with command and defense of Wilmington, North Carolina. He previously had command of an army in the Western Theater.
The community slowly rebuilt after the war. As of the 1880s, Triune had 57 white residents.[1] On May 2, 1892, blacks in the area were reported to have started an uprising and killed at least three whites in retaliation for the mob lynching two days after of Ephraim Grizzard in Nashville. He had been taken from jail before trial and an estimated 10,000 whites had gathered to see him hanged from a city bridge and shot 200 times. Nashville is 30 miles north and the county seat of neighboring Davidson County.[6]
Lynching is the practice of murder by a group of people by extrajudicial action. Lynchings in the United States rose in number after the American Civil War in the late 1800s, following the emancipation of slaves; they declined in the 1920s. Most lynchings were of African-American men in the South, but women were also lynched, and white lynchings of blacks occurred in Midwestern and border states, especially during the 20th-century Great Migration of blacks out of the South. The purpose was to enforce white supremacy and intimidate blacks through racial terrorism. On a per capita basis lynchings were also common in California and the Old West, especially of Latinos, although they represented less than 10% of the national total. Native Americans and Asian Americans were also lynched. Other ethnicities, including Finnish-Americans, Jewish-Americans, German-Americans and Italian-Americans were also lynched occasionally.
Bostick Female Academy in November 2013.
Dr. Jonathan Bostick, a Mississippi planter, had been a trustee of Porter Female Academy and knew it was destroyed in the war. Before his death in 1868, he made a bequest in his will to establish a "suitable site and buildings" for a new "female academy" in Tennessee.[2][5][7] Because his descendants contested the will, there was a long delay in implementing the bequest. Litigation reached the U.S. Supreme Court, which upheld his bequest. Some 11 acres (4.5ha) of land in Triune were purchased for the development of what was called the Bostick Female Academy. It was built in 1892 and began operation in 1893.[2][5][7] The Bostick Female Academy operated until about 1900 as a girls' boarding and day school for whites, enrolling as many as 75 girls.
After the state started to fund public education, parents no longer supported private schooling.[2][5] The Hardeman Academy, built in 1828 as a boys' school, was converted to a public school. After it was destroyed by fire in 1904,[1][2] the Bostick Female Academy building was used as the community public school. It served this role until the mid-20th century; since then it has been purchased and used as a private residence.[8]
Modern Triune is the site of a manufacturing facility that produces equipment for harvesting tobacco, still a commodity crop in Middle Tennessee.[9]
Triune Methodist Church, built in 1874 on the foundation of the church's first building, is another 19th-century landmark building in town.[2]
Several homes built in the early 19th century were also still standing as of 1988.[1]
A more recent local landmark is Castle Gwynn, built as a replica of a 12th-century Welsh border castle. It was built as private residence beginning in 1980. In the early 21st century, it serves as the location of the Tennessee Renaissance Festival, a Renaissance fair held annually in May.[10]
Related Research Articles
Nashville is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Tennessee. The city is the county seat of Davidson County and is located on the Cumberland River. The city's population ranks 24th in the U.S. According to 2017 estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau, the total consolidated city-county population stood at 691,243. The "balance" population, which excludes semi-independent municipalities within Davidson County, was 667,560 in 2017.
Dickson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2010 census, the population was 49,666. Its county seat is Charlotte.
Middleton is a city in Hardeman County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 706 at the 2010 census, up from 602 at the 2000 census. It is located at the intersection of Tennessee State Route 125 and Tennessee State Route 57. Its slogan is the "Crossroads of the South".
Brentwood is a suburb of Nashville, Tennessee, located in Williamson County, part of Middle Tennessee. The population was 37,060 as of the 2010 U.S. Census, and estimated at 40,982 in 2014.
Nolensville is a town in Williamson County, Tennessee. The population was 5,861 at the 2010 census. It was established in 1797 by William Nolen, a veteran of the American Revolutionary War. Located in Middle Tennessee, it is about 22 miles southeast of Nashville, Tennessee. The town was re-incorporated in 1996.
Nicholas Brodie Hardeman was an educator, debater, and a gospel preacher within the church of Christ. Along with Arvy G. Freed, Hardeman in 1907 co-founded what became Freed-Hardeman University, first known as the National Teachers Normal and Business College, or NTN&BC, in Henderson, Tennessee. In 1919, the institution was renamed Freed-Hardeman College. In 1990, it acquired university status. From 1925 to 1950, Hardeman was the president of Freed-Hardeman. He was an avid horse enthusiast, having participated in Tennessee Walking Horse competitions as an owner, rider, and a judge.
Ford's Chapel United Methodist Church, or simply Ford's Chapel UMC, is a United Methodist church located in Harvest, Alabama, in the United States. It was founded in 1808, and enjoys the honor of being the first Methodist Church established in what is now the state of Alabama.
Providence Christian Academy is a private, classical Christian school in Murfreesboro, Tennessee. The school opened in 1997 and has dual accreditation through both the Association of Christian Schools International and the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.
Cordova is a community in Shelby County, Tennessee, Tennessee, United States. Cordova lies east of Memphis, north of Germantown, south of Bartlett, and northwest of Collierville at an elevation of 361 feet.
College Grove is an unincorporated community near Franklin and Murfreesboro in Williamson County, Tennessee. College Grove is predominantly rural.
Bostick is a surname.
Bethesda, Tennessee is an unincorporated community in rural southeastern Williamson County, Tennessee.
The Bostick Female Academy, also known as Triune School, is a property in Triune, Tennessee that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
Bradley Academy Museum is a historic school building in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, that now serves as a museum and community center.
Ephraim Grizzard was an African-American man who was lynched on April 30, 1892, in a spectacle event in front of a white crowd of 10,000 in Nashville, Tennessee. He was hanged from the Woodland Street Bridge and shot hundreds of times by the mob. In June 2017 his memory was honored with a church service at Fisk University and a plaque dedicated at St. Anselm's Episcopal Church in Nashville.
Samuel Smith was a 15-year-old African-American youth who was lynched by a white mob, hanged and shot in Nolensville, Tennessee, on December 15, 1924. No one was ever convicted of the lynching.
‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
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