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The Tongva are an Indigenous people of California from the Los Angeles Basin and the Southern Channel Islands, an area covering approximately 4,000 square miles (10,000 km2). In the precolonial era, the people lived in as many as 100 villages and primarily identified by their village rather than by a pan-tribal name. During colonization, the Spanish referred to these people as Gabrieleño and Fernandeño, names derived from the Spanish missions built on their land: Mission San Gabriel Arcángel and Mission San Fernando Rey de España. Tongva is the most widely circulated endonym among the people, used by Narcisa Higuera in 1905 to refer to inhabitants in the vicinity of Mission San Gabriel. Some people who identify as direct lineal descendants of the people advocate the use of their ancestral name Kizh as an endonym.
San Fernando is a general-law city in the San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles County, California, in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. It is an enclave in the City of Los Angeles. As of the 2020 census the population of San Fernando was 23,946.
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The Tataviam language was spoken by the Tataviam people of the upper Santa Clara River basin, Santa Susana Mountains, and Sierra Pelona Mountains in southern California. It had become extinct by 1916 and is known only from a few early records, notably a few words recorded by Alfred L. Kroeber and John P. Harrington in the early decades of the 20th century. These word lists were not from native speakers, but from the children of the last speakers who remembered a few words and phrases.
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Chaguayanga was a Tataviam village located at what is now Santa Clarita, California, around the Newhall, Valencia, and Castaic areas. Its original site was located approximately fifteen miles north and slightly west of the San Fernando Mission in the eastern areas of the San Fernando Valley. Mixed Chumash and Tataviam populations may have resided at the village.
Siutcanga, alternatively spelled Syútkanga, was a Tataviam and Tongva village that was located in what is now Los Encinos State Historic Park near the site of a natural spring. The traditional trading route which the village relied on to flourish is now the street known as Ventura Boulevard. The Fernandeño Tataviam Band of Mission Indians organization has indicated that the majority of their members descend from the village and maintain a deep relationship to the site. People of the village are known as Siutcavitam.
María del Espíritu Santo Chijulla also known as Espíritu Chijulla; also spelled Chihuya; was an Indigenous Californian woman who became the first common-law spouse to win legal rights in California and inherited Rancho El Escorpión.
References
- ↑ Champagne, Duane; Goldberg, Carole (2021-05-25). A Coalition of Lineages: The Fernandeño Tataviam Band of Mission Indians. University of Arizona Press. p. 289. ISBN 978-0-8165-4285-7.
- ↑ Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology. Malki Museum. 1990. p. 207.
- ↑ "SCVHistory.com JJ1002 | Tataviam Culture | Altamirano Badillo, 1840-1913". www.scvhistory.com. Retrieved 2023-04-22.
- 1 2 "The Indians of Los Angeles County". Southwest Museum Papers Number Twenty-One. 1968 – via Library of Congress.
- 1 2 Champagne, Duane; Goldberg, Carole (2021-05-25). A Coalition of Lineages: The Fernandeño Tataviam Band of Mission Indians. University of Arizona Press. p. 248. ISBN 978-0-8165-4285-7.
- ↑ Facility, University of California, Berkeley Archaeological Research (1968). Reports. Department of Anthropology. p. 95.
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