USS Aphrodite

Last updated

Single Screw Steam Yacht Aphrodite in 1899.png
Aphrodite in 1899
History
US flag 48 stars.svgUnited States
Name
  • Aphrodite (1899—1930)
  • Aetos (1930—1933) Flag of Greece.svg
  • Macedonia (1933—1941) Flag of Greece.svg
Namesake Aphrodite, The goddess of love and fertility in Greek mythology
Port of registry
  • New York, N.Y. (1899—1927)
  • Flag of Greece.svg Piraeus, Greece (1927—1941)
Builder Bath Iron Works, Bath, Maine
Cost$450,000
Yard number25
Launched1 December 1898
Sponsored byMiss. Vivien Scott
Completed1899 [note 1]
Acquired
  • March 1899 delivery to owner
  • (Navy) 11 May 1917
Commissioned(Navy) 5 June 1917—12 July 1919
In serviceMarch 1899
Out of serviceApril 1941
Identification
  • U.S. Official Number: 107440
  • Signal: KNWF
  • ICS Kilo.svg ICS November.svg ICS Whiskey.svg ICS Foxtrot.svg
  • Aetos signal: JGPQ [1]
  • ICS Juliett.svg ICS Golf.svg ICS Papa.svg ICS Quebec.svg
  • Macedonia signal: SVBX [2]
  • ICS Sierra.svg ICS Victor.svg ICS Bravo.svg ICS Xray.svg
FateSunk as Macedonia by German aircraft in Gulf of Corinth April 1941
General characteristics [3] [4] [5]
Type
  • Yacht (1898—1927)
  • Section patrol (Navy) (May 1917—July 1919)
  • Passenger/cargo (1927-1941)
Tonnage
Displacement
  • 2,000 tons [4]
  • 1,500 tons [5]
Length
  • 344 ft (105 m) overall with bowsprit
  • 303 ft (92 m) overall, hull
  • 260 ft 4 in (79.3 m) waterline
Beam35 ft 6 in (10.82 m) molded
Draft
  • 16 ft (4.9 m) loaded (yacht)
  • Approximately 17 ft 6 in (5.33 m) aft (Navy)
Sail plan
  • barque (1899—1910)
  • 17,000 sq ft (1,579.4 m2) sail
Speed15 kn (17 mph; 28 km/h)
Complement(Navy) 68
Armament

Aphrodite was a yacht built to requirements by owner Colonel Oliver H. Payne of New York City as an ocean going steam yacht with barque rig and capable of good speed under sail alone. The yacht was launched 1 December 1898 and completed in 1899 to be the largest American built steam yacht at the time. The yacht served in the United States Navy as the patrol vessel USS Aphrodite from May 1917 to July 1919. The yacht was given the designation SP-135 for Section patrol and was, unlike the majority of section patrol vessels, sent overseas rather than acting in that capacity in home waters. The yacht was returned to private service after the war.

Contents

The yacht was sold to Greek owners in 1927 and renamed Aetos in 1930 then, on transfer to the Hellenic Coast Lines, renamed Macedonia in 1933. During the Italian and German invasion of Greece in April 1941 the ship was bombed by German aircraft and sunk.

Construction

Aphrodite was completed for Colonel Oliver H. Payne of New York City as a civilian yacht in 1899 by Bath Iron Works at Bath, Maine. The contract for the yacht was signed in January 1898. Payne had chartered the largest American built steam yacht during 1897 and was impressed by the large seagoing vessel. That yacht, William A. Slater's Eleanor, had been built by Bath Iron Works as hull number 9 with delivery 6 October 1894. Payne developed requirements for a similar and larger yacht and asked the company to submit a design and price for such a vessel. He also requested submissions by other companies, including British yacht builders. [3] [4] [7]

Payne's requirements were for a yacht capable of long ocean cruises with unusually strong construction and capable of a speed of 15 kn (17 mph; 28 km/h) at sea in ordinary weather. Two requirements reflected his preference for sailing. First the usual large reception rooms in the main deck house were sacrificed for clear deck space with 6 ft (1.8 m) clearance between the house and rail on each side with a clear view and promenade from stern to bow. The top of the deck house extended over that promenade to the rail providing shelter. The second design for sailing called for a barque rig with about 17,000 sq ft (1,579.4 m2) of sail so that good speed could be maintained under sail alone. [3] [note 2] Four large ballast tanks were arranged, fore and aft of the machinery space, so that draft and trim could be adjusted suitably for steam or sail combinations. [8] [9] Bath Iron Works submitted the winning design and price for such a yacht capable of crossing the Atlantic at full speed. [3] [8] In 1910 the original masts were replaced by pole masts allowing for a reduction in crew. [8]

Construction of a ship shed in which to build the yacht started a month after the contract was signed. The keel was laid in June with the hull launched and christened Aphrodite by Miss. Vivien Scott, the daughter of the yacht's commander, Captain C. W. Scott on 1 December 1898. Aphrodite was the largest and finest American built steam yacht at the time. [3] [4] The yacht was Bath Iron Works hull number 25 and was assigned U.S. Official Number 107440, signal KNWF. [7] [6] On 10 March 1899 Aphrodite left the shipyard for speed trials with Bath executives, guests and a 25-man crew. Two weeks later the yacht was officially turned over to the owner. [8]

As built specifications include: length overall, including bowsprit 344 feet (104.9 m), length overall, hull 303 feet (92.4 m), beam, molded 35 feet 6 inches (10.8 m), depth, side, molded 35 feet 6 inches (10.8 m), normal cruising draft 15 feet (4.6 m), loaded draft 16 feet (4.9 m), gross tonnage Custom House Measurement 1,148. [4] The hull was divided from main deck down by seven watertight steel bulkheads athwart ship and two similar bulkheads extending from lower deck down to divide the vessel into eighteen water tight compartments. [4] Aphrodite had a flat keel with bilge keels 140 ft (42.7 m) long and 24 in (61.0 cm) deep to dampen rolling. The bow flared above the load water line for better comfort in head seas. [9] A vertical triple expansion steam engine, fed steam from four large boilers and the largest and most powerful then installed in an American pleasure craft, with cylinders of 28 inches (71.1 cm), 43.25 inches (109.9 cm) and 70 inches (177.8 cm) with a stroke of 38 inches (96.5 cm) was designed for 3,200 horsepower at about 132 revolutions drove a four bladed right hand bronze propeller cast as a single piece. [4] [9]

Contract speed was 15 knots with trials in a snowstorm producing a mean speed of 15.53 kn (17.9 mph; 28.8 km/h) including slowdowns and 16.8 kn (19.3 mph; 31.1 km/h) excluding slowdowns even though hull cementing for best speeds had not been completed. [4] Cabin finishing joiner work, hull cementing were done in New York after the yacht arrived there on 29 March 1899 for interior decoration and final touches. [4] [8] Coal bunkers were sufficient for an Atlantic crossing at a steady 15 knots. [4] Cost of the yacht were $450,000 for construction and about $10,000 per month operating expenses. [4] [8]

History

Aphrodite as a private yacht sometime between 1910 and 1917. Note change in masts from original plan. SS Aphrodite (1899).jpg
Aphrodite as a private yacht sometime between 1910 and 1917. Note change in masts from original plan.

Yacht Aphrodite

Aphrodite was described as a "sea palace" with the design by Bath Iron Works' Charles R. Hanscom merging Payne's requirements for an unusually seaworthy vessel with luxury and beauty. [8] Critics noted the yacht was not as beautiful as some and perhaps not worthy of the name. The yacht had been explicitly designed for ocean cruising rather than coastal entertainment with Payne expressing the desire to sail Aphrodite around Cape Horn. [10]

Despite the absence of a luxurious main saloon usual on such large yachts the yacht was amply arranged for Payne's focus on long distance, ocean cruising. The 160 ft (48.8 m) deckhouse was steel with mahogany paneling. The main social room was the dining saloon that occupied the forward 30 ft (9.1 m) of the deckhouse. It was 17 ft (5.2 m) wide with galley, pantries, ice machine, drying room and upper engine space aft. Two 16 ft (4.9 m) by 10 ft (3.0 m) guest rooms with private baths and the owner's 16 ft (4.9 m) by 16 ft (4.9 m) quarters with private bath lay aft. The entire starboard length of the deckhouse was connected by an inside passage connecting the spaces. Below, aft of the engine room, were four 14 ft (4.3 m) by 14 ft (4.3 m) and two 14 ft (4.3 m) by 10 ft (3.0 m) guest staterooms with private baths. Servants quarters were also located in that area. Above the main deckhouse was a 32 ft (9.8 m) deckhouse accessible by interior stair with wheel and chart rooms and a smoking room. Chilled provisions for long voyages were kept in separate refrigerated spaces for meat, fowl and fish in the main hold. Electric power was provided by two 110 volt steam powered generating sets. [4] [8]

After a cruise around the world in Aphrodite Payne visited Europe each summer until war restricted his cruising to American waters in 1914. [11] Payne cruised the oceans but apparently laid the yacht up during at least some winters. The yacht is described during the winter of 1900 at Red Hook, Brooklyn's Erie Basin as "covered from stem to stern with an awning of heavy canvas passing over the main boom aft and made fast to the bulwarks all around. Only her bridge, small boats and tall masts are exposed to the weather, and even the boats have substantial covers to protect their interiors" waiting with other yachts for the summer season. [12] After Payne turned the yacht over to the Navy 11 May 1917 under a free lease for war service he never saw the yacht again as he died the next month, 27 June 1917, the day the vessel reached France. [5] [8]

USS Aphrodite at sea during World War I USS Aphrodite (SP-135).jpg
USS Aphrodite at sea during World War I

The U.S. Navy acquired Aphrodite on 11 May 1917 for use as a patrol vessel during World War I. She was commissioned at New York City on 5 June 1917 as USS Aphrodite (SP-135). The yacht was assigned to a group of eight large yachts to become U.S. Naval Forces Operating in French Waters composed of Aphrodite, USS Christabel (SP-162), USS Corsair (SP-159), Harvard (SP-209) that had been Aphrodite's inspiration Eleanor, USS Kanawha II (SP-130), USS Noma (SP-131), USS Sultana (SP-134) and USS Vedette (SP-163). [5]

On 14 June 1917 the first convoy carrying elements of the American Expeditionary Force departed for St. Nazaire, France in four groups with Aphrodite among the escort for the second group. She arrived at St. Nazaire on 27 June 1917. on 30 June the vessel was ordered to Brest, France to serve under the senior French naval officer there until arrival of the group's commander, Capt. William B. Fletcher, who would take command of the squadron. [5]

USS Aphrodite photographed astern of another converted yacht while escorting a convoy during World War I USS Aphrodite (SP-135) astern.jpg
USS Aphrodite photographed astern of another converted yacht while escorting a convoy during World War I

Aphrodite in company with Corsair departed St. Nazaire arriving at Brest on 1 July. The armed yacht patrol force was operational on the 14th and began patrolling the Bay of Biscay, escorting coastwise convoys and meeting in-bound convoys from America to see them safely into Brest, Le Verdon-sur-Mer, or St. Nazaire. During these operations Aphrodite picked up survivors of victims of German submarines. On 16 February 1918, she was reassigned to the base located at Rochefort, France, from which she served as an offshore escort until March 1918. On 28 March 1918, Aphrodite was assigned to Division 7, Squadron 3, Patrol Force, based at Le Verdon-sur-Mer. She served as a convoy escort along the French coast for the remainder of the war. [5]

After the Armistice with Germany of 11 November 1918 ended hostilities, Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels wired Vice Adm. Sims that a number of yachts, including Aphrodite were free of their leases and should be returned to the U.S. if practicable. Regardless, on 30 November, Aphrodite was ordered to Harwich, England and served as station ship there and at Portland. [5]

On 10 January 1919 Aphrodite struck an anchored mine while on the way to Germany but on 11 January arrived at Wilhelmshaven, Germany. On the 13th the vessel proceeded to Cuxhaven arriving on the 15th remaining in Germany until returning to Southampton, England on 22 February and moving to Harwich in March, Aphrodite returned to Germany and served as the station ship at Hamburg. [5]

Aphrodite was ordered on 31 May 1919 to return to New York arriving 29 June 1919. She was decommissioned at the Fleet Supply Base at Brooklyn, New York, on 12 July 1919 and returned to her new owner, Harry Payne Whitney who had inherited the majority of his uncle's estate, the same day. [5] [8]

Post Navy history

Whitney refitted the yacht, though original fittings and furnishings stripped before naval service had burned in a warehouse fire during the war, and cruised aboard up to 1927. [8] [13] [note 3]

Aphrodite was sold to Apostolos Riggas, Piraeus, Greece in 1927 and in 1930 was renamed Aetos which is shown in the register as being owned by Hellenic Coast Lines, Piraeus. [note 4] In 1933 the vessel was renamed Macedonia. The former yacht, with cargo and passengers, was sunk by German aircraft 22 April 1941 [note 5] at Trizonia in the Gulf of Corinth near Patras, Greece. [7] [14] [15] [16] [1]

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Interior work and final details were completed in New York after yacht's arrival on 29 March 1899.
  2. ↑ See the drawings in the reference for the sail plan.
  3. ↑ A search of all registers 1919 to 1927 shows no registration for the yacht during those years.
  4. ↑ U.S. register closing with 30 June 1927 shows Aphrodite among Vessels Sold to Aliens indicating sale was no later than that fiscal year's coverage.
  5. ↑ Date varies in references. Reference Historische MarineArchiv citing Greek sources has 22 April with extensive description: "22.04.1941 with captain Athanassios Armyras in command and with 55 passengers, the ship was attacked at Spilia on the island of Trisonia in the bay of Korinth, Greece, by the German Luftwaffe with incendiaries and bombs, severely damaged and set afire. Little time later, the burning steamer was beached where it sank later. One loss, Ioannis Hatziris (Sailor). After the war, scrapped by O.A.N. (Greek demolition committee)."

Related Research Articles

USS <i>Impetuous</i>

USS Impetuous (PYc-46) was a private yacht purchased by the Navy in August 1940 that served as a patrol boat of the United States Navy in Central America. The yacht was built as Paragon, the first of at least two Davol yachts to bear the name, in 1915 for Charles J. Davol of Providence, Rhode Island. In 1916 Davol sold the yacht to John Fred Betz, 3d of Philadelphia who renamed the yacht Sybilla III which served as the Section Patrol yacht USS Sybilla III (SP-104) from May 1917 to December 1918. Sybilla III remained in Betz's ownership until sale in 1935 to R. Livingston Sullivan of Philadelphia who renamed the yacht Arlis. On 12 August 1940 the Navy purchased the yacht placing it in commission as USS PC-454 on 16 October. The vessel was given the name Impetuous and reclassified PYc-46 on 15 July 1943. The yacht was decommissioned at Philadelphia 31 August 1944 and transferred to the War Shipping Administration for sale.

USS <i>Winchester</i> Patrol vessel of the United States Navy

USS Winchester (SP-156) was an armed yacht that served in the United States Navy as a patrol vessel from 1917 to 1919. Prior to and following World War I, Winchester was a private yacht, later renamed Renard. In World War II, Renard was requisitioned for use in the Royal Canadian Navy as a patrol vessel, keeping her name. She was returned to her owners in 1944.

USS <i>Isabel</i> Patrol vessel of the United States Navy

USS Isabel (SP-521), later PY-10, was a yacht in commission in the United States Navy as a destroyer from 1917 to 1920 and as a patrol yacht from 1921 to 1946.

USS <i>Oceanographer</i> (AGS-3) Survey ship of the United States Navy

USS Oceanographer (AGS-3) was a survey ship of the United States Navy during World War II that produced charts chiefly of passages in the Solomon Islands area of the Pacific Ocean. Upon transfer to the Navy, she had initially briefly been named and classed as gunboat USS Natchez (PG-85). Before her World War II Navy service, she had been USC&GS Oceanographer (OSS-26), a survey ship with the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey from 1930.

USS <i>Sylph</i> (PY-5)

USS Sylph (PY-5) was a steel hulled steam yacht that served as a presidential yacht operating from the Washington Navy Yard from the late 19th century through the presidency of Woodrow Wilson. Afterwards the yacht was used by the Secretary of the Navy and Assistant Secretary of the Navy. After decommissioning and sale in 1929 the yacht was used as a party fishing boat in New York and later a ferry. Sometime around 1950 the line went out of business and the vessel was abandoned at a pier at West 37th Street, Sea Gate, Brooklyn. The pier and abandoned vessel were reduced by fire and storms to the waterline and wreckage in the sands which still may be exposed by storms.

USS <i>Wasp</i> (1893) Patrol vessel of the United States Navy

The seventh USS Wasp was the former yacht Columbia, purchased by the U.S. Navy and converted to an armed yacht serving from 1898 to 1919, with service in the Spanish–American War and World War I.

USS <i>Vedette</i> (SP-163) Patrol vessel of the United States Navy

The first USS Vedette (SP-163) was a commercial yacht built in 1899. At the outbreak of World War I, the yacht was leased by the United States Navy, and was used as a section patrol craft in the North Atlantic Ocean. She served honorably during the war, rescuing survivors at sea, and attacking a German U-boat. At war’s end, she was converted to her original configuration and returned to her owner, the railroad executive, financier, and philanthropist Frederick W. Vanderbilt (1856-1938) of New York City.

USS <i>Nokomis</i> (SP-609)

USS Nokomis (SP-609) was a yacht purchased by the U.S. Navy during World War I. The yacht was purchased from Horace E. Dodge of Detroit, Michigan after he had the yacht luxuriously fitted out but before he could make use of his second Nokomis — the first having already gone into service.

USS <i>Idealia</i> Patrol vessel of the United States Navy

Idealia was America's first diesel powered yacht built and owned by the Electric Launch Company (ELCO). The yacht was built in 1911, launched in 1912 and demonstrated the potential for use of diesel engines in yachts for several years thereafter. She yacht performed a public trial on the Hudson River on 22 October 1913 under the supervision of ELCO's manager Henry R. Sutphen with a gathering of naval architects and engineers as observers. Idealia was sold to individual owners after its period of demonstrating the diesel engine's pleasure craft utility.

USS <i>California</i> (SP-249) Patrol vessel of the United States Navy

USS California (SP-249) was a yacht acquired by the United States Navy during World War I and outfitted as an armed section patrol vessel patrolling New York waterways. Later, renamed the original name of Hauoli, it was assigned to Thomas A. Edison conducting underwater listening experiments related to antisubmarine warfare.

USS <i>Lydonia</i> Patrol vessel of the United States Navy

USS Lydonia (SP-700) was United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1919 that saw service during World War I. Prior to her U.S. Navy service, she had been William A. Lydon's private yacht, Lydonia II, from 1912 to 1917. She spent most of the war based at Gibraltar, escorting and protecting Allied ships in the Mediterranean and along the Atlantic Ocean coast of Europe. After her U.S. Navy service ended, she served from 1919 to 1947 in the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey as the coastal survey ship USCGS Lydonia (CS-302).

USS <i>Druid</i> Patrol vessel of the United States Navy

USS Druid (SP-321) was a private yacht launched 10 February 1902 as Rheclair that was built for Daniel G. Reid. Reid sold the yacht to Senator Nelson W. Aldrich who renamed the yacht Nirvana only just over a year before his death. Aldrich's estate chartered Nirvana to John Wanamaker until it was bought by his son Rodman Wanamaker who used the yacht for cruising until a fire on 14 December 1916, just before a cruise south, severely damaged the vessel. He chartered an alternate vessel for his trip south and, after full repairs, the yacht was sold to Walter W. Dwyer who gave it the name Druid with intentions to sell the yacht to the government in order to finance a shipyard venture in Pensacola, Florida.

USS <i>Zara</i> Patrol vessel of the United States Navy

USS Zara (SP-133) was a steam yacht that was built in Scotland in 1890, passed through a number of British, Canadian and US owners, and ended up as a passenger steamship in Greece after the First World War. She was renamed several times, becoming Solgar, Electra and finally Zoodohos Pigi. In the latter part of the war she spent a year as an armed yacht in the United States Navy.

USS <i>Coco</i> Patrol vessel of the United States Navy

USS Coco (SP-110) was an armed motorboat that served in the United States Navy as a Section patrol vessel from 1917 to 1919.

USS Lady Anne (SP-154) was an armed motor launch that served in the United States Navy as a patrol vessel from 1917 to 1919.

USS <i>Adelante</i> Patrol vessel of the United States Navy

The iron-hulled, single-screw steam yacht Utowana was completed in 1883 at Chester, Pennsylvania, by the Delaware River Iron Ship Building and Engine Works for Washington Everett Connor. On sale to Elias Cornelius Benedict the yacht's name was changed to Oneida (1887), then when Benedict bought a new yacht to be named Oneida and sale of the old yacht and conversion to a tow boat the name was changed to Adelante (1913). During Benedict's ownership Oneida was the covert site of an operation on President Grover Cleveland, a friend of Benedict's and frequent guest on the yacht, to remove a cancerous tumor in his mouth.

USS <i>Kajeruna</i> Patrol vessel of the United States Navy

USS Kajeruna (SP-389) was a patrol vessel that served in the United States Navy from 1917 to 1919. The vessel had been built in 1902 as Hauoli for mining magnate Francis Marion "Borax" Smith but was replaced in 1903 by a second, larger vessel he named Hauoli. The first yacht was then named Seminole and for a time was returned to the builder, John N. Robins, and advertised for sale by the designer's firm. In 1911 Clinton W. Kinsella of New York purchased the yacht, apparently already renamed Kajeruna. After naval service the yacht was returned to the owner. On 31 March 1920 the ship was sold to British interests and renamed Tomas W. Beattie.

USS <i>Juniata</i> (SP-602) Patrol vessel of the United States Navy

The second USS Juniata (SP-602) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1 June 1917 to 13 July 1918. Juniata was built as the private gasoline-powered motor yacht Josephine for Edward Shearson of New York by Robert Jacobs at City Island in the Bronx, New York, in 1911. She was sold in 1914 to George W. Elkins of Philadelphia and renamed Juniata.

USS <i>Marold</i> Patrol vessel of the United States Navy

USS Marold (SP-737) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1919.

<i>Rosinco</i> Diesel-powered luxury yacht that sank in Lake Michigan

Rosinco was a diesel-powered luxury yacht that sank in Lake Michigan off the coast of Kenosha, Wisconsin in 1928. The yacht was built in 1916 as Georgiana III and served during World War I as USS Georgiana III, a Section patrol craft, under a free lease to the Navy by her owner and commanding officer. After the war the yacht was sold and renamed Whitemarsh in 1918. In 1925, after sale to Robert Hosmer Morse of Fairbanks-Morse, the yacht became Rosinco. She was sunk following a collision in 1928 and the wreck was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

References

  1. 1 2 Lloyds. "Lloyd's Register 1930-31 (Aetos )" (PDF). Lloyd's Register. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  2. 1 2 Lloyds. "Lloyd's Register 1941-42 (Macedonia )" (PDF). Lloyd's Register. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "Description of the New Steam Yacht for Colonel Oliver H. Payne". Marine Engineering. Aldrich & Donaldson. 2 (2): 12–15. February 1898. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Fairburn, William A. (June 1899). "Full Powered Sea-Going Steam Yacht Aphrodite For Col. Oliver H. Payne, Of New York". Marine Engineering. Aldrich & Donaldson. 3 (6): 10–13. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Naval History And Heritage Command (26 September 2017). "Aphrodite (S. P. 135)". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Naval History And Heritage Command. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
  6. 1 2 Thirty-Third Annual List of Merchant Vessels of the United States, Year ended June 30, 1901. Washington, D.C.: Treasury Department, Bureau of Navigation. 1901. pp. 210, 322. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  7. 1 2 3 "Bath Iron Works". ShipBuildingHistory.com. 15 December 2020. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Snow, Ralph L. (1987). Bath Iron Works: The First Hundred Years. Bath, Me.: Maine Maritime Museum. pp. 75–79. ISBN   0961944900. LCCN   87060259 . Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  9. 1 2 3 "The New Steam Yacht Aphrodite". Journal of the American Society of Naval Engineers. American Society of Naval Engineers. 11 (1): 274–277. February 1899. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  10. ↑ Kenealy, A. J. (June 1899). "The New Yachts of the Year". Outing. Vol. 34, no. 3. New York, N.Y.: Outing Pub. Co. p. 246. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  11. ↑ "Col. Oliver H. Payne, Capitalist, is Dead" (PDF). The New York Times. No. 28 June 1917. 1917. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  12. ↑ "Beautiful Yachts Which Will Soon Awaken From Their Winter Sleep in the Erie Basin". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle (Quoted at "Red Hook WaterStories"). 4 March 1900. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  13. ↑ Stuart, Donna (2008). "Mighty Aphrodite". Portland Magazine. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  14. ↑ Radigan, Joseph M. "Aphrodite (SP 135)". NavSource Online – Section Patrol Craft Photo Archive. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
  15. ↑ "Macedonia". Historische MarineArchiv. 2021. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
  16. ↑ "Naval Events, April 1941, Part 2 of 2, Tuesday 15th – Wednesday 30th". Naval History. Retrieved 19 April 2021.

This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships .

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.