Vicia grandiflora

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Vicia grandiflora
Vicia grandiflora RF.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Genus: Vicia
Species:
V. grandiflora
Binomial name
Vicia grandiflora
Scop., 1772 [2]
Subspecies [3]
  • Vicia grandiflora grandiflora
  • Vicia grandiflora sordida(Alef.) Dostál
Synonyms [2]
  • Cujunia grandiflora(Scop.) Alef.
  • Vicia hungaricaHeuff.
  • Vicia kitaibeliana(W.D.J.Koch) Stank.
  • Vicia kitaibelianaSchur.
  • Vicia luteaPall.
  • Vicia luteaPall. ex M.Bieb.
  • Vicia serrataPant.
  • Vicia sordidaWaldst. & Kit.
  • Vicia sordidaWaldst. & Kit. ex Willd., 1802

Vicia grandiflora, commonly known as large yellow vetch [4] and bigflower vetch, as well as large-flowered vetch, [3] is a common herbaceous plant species in the family Fabaceae, [5] which occurs as a native plant species in Europe and Asia, as well as an introduced vetch species in North America. [4] [1]

Contents

Etymology

Its genus name Vicia is a Latin term for "vetch", while its species name, grandiflora, refers to the species' relatively large flowers and means "large-flowered". [3]

Taxonomy

Austrian naturalist Giovanni Antonio Scopoli described this species in 1772 in his work Flora Carniolica. [6]

Taxonomists recognize two subspecies and a few varieties: [3] [6]

Description

This relatively common annual legume species can reach from 30 to 60 centimetres of height. It is usually an upright-growing and spread out hirsute [5] vine plant. [3] Vicia grandiflora has alternate leaves [4] that are petiolate and pinnately compound, with its leaflets (pinna) being round to obovate in Vicia grandiflora subsp. grandiflora, and linear to oblanceolate, sometimes narrowly cordate, in Vicia grandiflora subsp. sordida. [5] There are from 6 to 14 leaflets. [3] Each leaflet ends with short and sharpened point. On the other hand, each leaf ends with three-part tendril. [5]

This species is an entomophilous plant and flowers in spring time, usually from April to June. [3] Vicia grandiflora has typical bilaterally symmetrical [4] papilionaceous flower, that consists of banner, keel and wing, with petals being yellow. [5] After time flowers lose their bright yellow colour and sometimes fade to pale lavender shade. [4] Each flower measures from 2 to 3 centimetres, with a few combined flowers constituting an inflorescence. The latter can be both sessile and petiolate with short leafstalk. This species' sepals are fused together into a long calyx tube that is sometimes hirsute and ends with pointed calyx teeth. [5]

This plant's dried fruit is a legume, that can measure from 3 to 5 centimetres. Usually the legume gets darker as it ages. [5] When ripe, the legume splits open and releases seeds. [4]

Vicia grandiflora can be mistaken for similar vetches Vicia lutea and Vicia pannonica , [5] as well as the vetchling Lathyrus pratensis . [4]

Distribution and conservation

Vicia grandiflora grows in Europe [4] and some parts of Asia as a native vetch species. [1] The species can be found in Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, Ukraine, as well as United Kingdom. [3] This plant was also introduced into North America; probably as a forage material for grazing animals. In North America it is mostly restricted to east and southeastern states of USA, [4] in some parts being also an invasive species. [7]

Vicia grandiflora usually grows in a diverse collection of different habitats, which also include some anthropologically modified urban areas. [4] [5] This legume can be found growing on various meadows, in bright forests, on fields and gardens, as well as ruderal landscapes. [5] It rarely grows in mountains, it occurs only at elevations up to 1,800 metres. [8] The plant is a generalist, yet it still prefers warm and sunny growing surfaces. [5]

This species is listed as least concern (LC) species on the IUCN Red list, with its population being rated as stable. [1]

Related Research Articles

<i>Vicia sativa</i> Species of flowering plant in the bean family Fabaceae

Vicia sativa, known as the common vetch, garden vetch, tare or simply vetch, is a nitrogen-fixing leguminous plant in the family Fabaceae. It is now naturalised throughout the world occurring on every continent, except Antarctica and the Arctic. The centre of diversity is thought to be the Fertile Crescent, although gold standard molecular confirmation is currently not available.

<i>Chamaecytisus</i> Genus of legumes

Chamaecytisus is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It includes 43 species which range from the Canary Islands and Morocco through mainland Europe to western Siberia, Kazakhstan, the Caucasus, Anatolia, and the eastern Mediterranean. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae. It may be a synonym of Cytisus.

<i>Vicia cracca</i> Species of legume

Vicia cracca, is a species of flowering plant in the pea and bean family Fabaceae. It is native to Europe and Asia. It occurs on other continents as an introduced species, including North America, where it is a common weed. It often occurs in disturbed habitats, including old fields and roadside ditches.

<i>Vicia</i> Genus of flowering plants in the bean family Fabaceae

Vicia is a genus of over 240 species of flowering plants that are part of the legume family (Fabaceae), and which are commonly known as vetches. Member species are native to Europe, North America, South America, Asia and Africa. Some other genera of their subfamily Faboideae also have names containing "vetch", for example the vetchlings (Lathyrus) or the milk-vetches (Astragalus). The lentils are included in genus Vicia, and were formerly classified in genus Lens. The broad bean is sometimes separated in a monotypic genus Faba; although not often used today, it is of historical importance in plant taxonomy as the namesake of the order Fabales, the Fabaceae and the Faboideae. The tribe Vicieae in which the vetches are placed is named after the genus' current name. The true peas (Pisum) are among the closest living relatives of vetches.

<i>Campanula glomerata</i> Species of plant

Campanula glomerata, known by the common names clustered bellflower or Dane's blood, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Campanula, belonging to the family Campanulaceae. It is the county flower of Rutland, England.

<i>Vicia hirsuta</i> Species of legume

Vicia hirsuta is a species of flowering plant in the pea and bean family Fabaceae.

<i>Vicia sepium</i> Species of legume

Vicia sepium or bush vetch is a species of flowering plant in the pea and bean family Fabaceae. A nitrogen-fixing, perennial, leguminous climbing plant that grows in hedgerows, grasslands, the edges of woodland, roadsides and rough ground. It occurs in western Europe, Crimea of Ukraine, Russia including Siberia, Caucasus and Central Asia. It can also be found in eastern Canada, north-eastern states of the USA and, where suitable habitat occurs, in Greenland. It is native to, and has been recorded in, almost all parts of Britain, Ireland and associated islands.

<i>Vicia americana</i> Species of plant

Vicia americana is a species of legume in the vetch genus known by the common names American vetch and purple vetch. It includes a subspecies known as mat vetch.

<i>Paeonia daurica</i> Species of flowering plant

Paeonia daurica is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the peony family. It has slender carrot-shaped roots, leaves mostly consisting of nine leaflets, with one flower per stem. The flower is subtended by none to two leafy bracts, and has two or three sepals, five to eight petals, and many stamens. The subspecies vary in the colour of the petals, the size and shape of the leaflets, and the hairiness of the leaflets and the carpels. Paeonia daurica can be found from the Balkans to Iran, and the Crimea to Lebanon, with the centre of its distribution in the Caucasus. It is also cultivated as an ornamental.

<i>Lathyrus linifolius</i> Species of plant

Lathyrus linifolius is a species of pea, commonly called bitter vetch or heath pea. The name bitter vetch is also sometimes used for Vicia ervilia and also for Vicia orobus. The tubers of Lathyrus linifolius were formerly used as an appetite suppressant in medieval Scotland, and this use has brought the plant to recent medical attention. Attempts are being made to cultivate the plant on a commercial scale.

<i>Vicia benghalensis</i> Species of legume

Vicia benghalensis is a species of vetch known by the common names purple vetch and reddish tufted vetch. It is native to southern Europe, North Africa, and nearby islands, and it is utilized elsewhere in agriculture and may be present in the wild as an introduced species. It is an annual herb with a climbing stem which is coated in hairs, often densely, making the plant appear silvery white. Each leaf is made up of several pairs of elongated leaflets which measure up to 3 centimeters in length. The inflorescence is a one-side raceme of several dark reddish purple flowers. Each flower has a densely hairy calyx of sepals and a tubular corolla between one and two centimeters in length. The fruit is a flat, hairy legume pod up to 3.5 centimeters long containing multiple seeds.

<i>Vicia nigricans</i> Species of legume

Vicia nigricans is a species of vetch known by the common name black vetch. It has a disjunct distribution, its two subspecies divided by thousands of miles in range. The northern subspecies, ssp. gigantea, is native to western North America from Alaska to northern California, where it occurs in coastal and moist inland habitat and disturbed areas. The southern subspecies, ssp. nigricans, occurs in southern South America, in Argentina and Chile.

<i>Vicia pannonica</i> Species of legume

Vicia pannonica is a species of vetch known by the common name Hungarian vetch. It is native to southern, central Europe and western Asia, and it is sometimes cultivated as an agricultural crop for use as hay and fodder. It may escape cultivation and grow as a casual roadside weed.

<i>Vicia orobus</i> Species of legume

Vicia orobus is a species of leguminous plant in the genus Vicia, known as wood bitter-vetch. It is found in Atlantic areas of Europe, especially in the rocky edges of seasonally-grazed fields. It grows up to 60 cm (24 in) tall, and has no tendrils at the ends of its pinnate leaves. Its flowers are white with purple veins, and are borne in groups of 6 or more.

<i>Vicia dumetorum</i> Species of legume

Vicia dumetorum is a species of legume in the vetch genus.

<i>Vicia tenuifolia</i> Species of plant

Vicia tenuifolia, the fine-leaved vetch,cow vetch, fodder vetch or bramble vetch, is a herbaceous perennial plant species in the family Fabaceae. This species is widespread in Europe and some parts of both Asia and Africa. In some other areas it occurs as an introduced species. In a few countries this edible vetch is used as food for both humans and farm animals.

<i>Ranunculus lanuginosus</i> Species of plant

Ranunculus lanuginosus, commonly known as the wooly buttercup and downy buttercup, is a herbaceous perennial plant species in the family Ranunculaceae, that grows in some parts of Europe.

<i>Knautia drymeia</i> Species of plant

Knautia drymeia, commonly known as the Hungarian widow flower, is a herbaceous perennial plant species in the family Caprifoliaceae, that grows in Central and Southeastern Europe.

<i>Galeopsis pubescens</i> Species of plant

Galeopsis pubescens, also known as the hairy and downy hempnettle, is a herbaceous annual plant species in the family Lamiaceae, that can be found growing in various European countries.

<i>Crotalaria eremaea</i> Species of legume

Crotalaria eremaea, also known as the bluebush pea or loose-flowered rattlepod, is a species of legume native to Australia and occurring in all mainland states and territories except for Victoria and the Australian Capital Territory.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Rhodes, Laura (2014-02-28). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Vicia grandiflora". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2021-08-25.
  2. 1 2 "Vicia grandiflora Scop". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2021-08-25.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Vicia grandiflora | CLIMBERS" . Retrieved 2021-08-25.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Vicia grandiflora (large yellow vetch): Go Botany". gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org. Retrieved 2021-08-25.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Velecvetna grašica - Urbanatura". www.urbanatura.si (in Slovenian). Retrieved 2021-08-25.
  6. 1 2 "Tropicos | Name - Vicia grandiflora Scop". legacy.tropicos.org. Retrieved 2021-08-25.
  7. "Vicia grandiflora (Fabales: Fabaceae (Leguminosae)): Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States". www.invasiveplantatlas.org. Retrieved 2021-08-25.
  8. "Vicia grandiflora - Useful Temperate Plants". temperate.theferns.info. Retrieved 2021-08-25.