Walled city of Vratnik

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Walled city of Vratnik
Stari grad Vratnik
Fortified old town
Old Vratnik Fort
Sarajevo Vratnik.jpg
Sarajevo Visegradska kapija 3.jpg
Sarajevo Vratnik Sirokac kula.jpg
Sarajevo, muezum Alije Izetbegovice.jpg
Sarajevo Bijela Tabija.JPG
Vratnik walls, Sarajevo.JPG
Nickname: 
Zidine Vratnika
Walled city of Vratnik
Map of the Walled city of Vratnik within Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina relief location map.png
Red pog.svg
Walled city of Vratnik
Walled city of Vratnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Coordinates: 43°51′45″N18°26′27″E / 43.8623658°N 18.440702°E / 43.8623658; 18.440702
Country Bosnia and Herzegovina
Entity Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Canton Sarajevo Canton
City Sarajevo
Municipality Stari Grad, Sarajevo
Named for doorway (transl.vrata)
Time zone UTC+1 (CET)
  Summer (DST) UTC+2 (CEST)
Area code +387
Official nameOld fort of Vratnik, the architectural ensemble
TypeCategory 0 monument within the urban ensemble of Sarajevo
CriteriaA, B, C iii.iv., D i.ii.iv, E v., F ii., G v.,
Designated16 March 2005 (?th session)
Reference no.05.1-2-269/04-6
State National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Walled city of Vratnik, also Old Vratnik Fort, is located in Vratnik neighborhood, in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It represents urban core within the wider neighbourhood of the same name. Since 2005 the KONS designated walled area of the neighborhood a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Contents

History

Up until the brief but destating brief terror-raid of Prince Eugene of Savoy in 1697, when city was sacked and numerous buildings burnt and rest of the city severely damaged, Sarajevo was an open city. This tragic event prompted governor Ahmed-paša Rustempašić Skopljak in 1727, to order Vratnik town and most of its core to be redeveloped into the fortified "walled city".

Ahmed-paša brought five fortress architects from Dubrovnik to supervise the construction. After it was completed in 1739, there were three tower-gates (Sirokac, Ploca and Visegrad) and five forts. Bijela/White and Zuta/Yellow fortresses are the most significant ones. [1] According to his decree, the defense wall was supposed to be "one-hour walk long, two yards thick, and ten yards tall."

Legend has it that Vratnik got its name due to fact that it symbolised the "doors of Sarajevo". The fort doors, which were made out of oak wood, were closed at each sundown and again opened at sunrise. Sultan Mehmed Fatih entered through these doors and had a white mosque with sahat-kula that was built in his honor. He used White fortress as camp inside the old Vratnik town. [2]

The fortresses, defensive walls and the gates and towers have been important symbols for the population living in the neighborhood and its vicinity. Today the Martyr’s Memorial cemetery is another example of historical and symbolic values ingrained into the neighborhood history.

Description

Vratnik perimeter walls

Map of the "Walled city of Vratnik". Stari grad Vratnik mapa.jpg
Map of the "Walled city of Vratnik".

Gates and Towers

Višegrad Gate

Višegradska kapija (transl.Visegrad Gate) was the main entry point to town and is one of the three city gate-towers in the Vratnik Old Town with the other two being Sirokac Tower and Ploca Tower. It was built between 1727 and 1739, in limestone and a special Bosnian stone "hreša" with roof shingles. Traffic went east via the main road towards Visegrad (thus the name) and continued further to the east towards Istanbul. [1]

Širokac Gate and Tower

Kapija Širokac (transl.Širokac Gate) is one of the three gate-towers in the Vratnik Old Town. Širokac Gate, part of the reconstructed portion of the old defense walls of Vratnik town in Sarajevo.

Ploča Gate and Tower

Kapija Ploča (transl.Ploca Tower) is one of the three gate-towers in the Vratnik Old Town. The Alija Izetbegović Museum was opened on 19 October 2007 and is located in the Vratnik Kapija towers Ploča and Širokac. The museum is a commemoration to the influence and body of work of Alija Izetbegović, the first president of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Visitors are able to walk from one tower to the next along the inside (atop) of fort walls. [3]

Citadel, fort and bastions

White Citadel

Bijela Tabija (transl.White Citadel) is a cannon bastion/fortress which also served to accommodate soldiers, and it is a part of the Old Town "Vratnik". It is assumed to have been built at the site of a small medieval town "Hodidjed" (central fortress of the Vrhbosna Parish). The fortress overlooks Sarajevo with the panoramic views of the eastern entrance to Sarajevo, the Miljacka River canyon and the city itself. The White Fortress was renovated and expanded several times. The present-day structure dates back to the Austro-Hungarian period. It served as a dungeon, barrack, munitions storage, a treasury, as well as the protection against the raid of Prince Eugene of Savoy in 1697, and defense fortress in battle against occupation by the Austro-Hungarian ruler in 1878. An esteemed local architect, Zlatko Ugljen has developed a conceptual reconstruction project. According to his idea where the site would be used as a theatre/music stage in the summer season. [1] Some reports date the fortress to be built as far back as 1550. [4]

Yellow Fort

Žuta Tabija (transl.Yellow Bastion; or Yellow Fort) is a cannon fort at Jekovac. It was built close to the Jajce Barracks and the Jekovac water reservoir. It served as one of the defense points against the Austro-Hungarian troops in 1878. The fortress was damaged and rebuilt several times. The most recent renovation took place in 1998. [5] [1]

Strošićki Bastion

Strošićka Tabija (transl.Strošićki Bastion) is located on the northwestern part of the Vratnik fort. Essentially the shape is trapezium, with the surface of 367m². Two parallel sides are 25 meters long and 14m, and the other two 18m and 21 meters. Strošićka bastion was built on steep terrain, and the preserved height of the walls on the northeastern side is 3m, and on the north 8m. [6]

Bastion on Ravne Bakije

Tabija na Ravnim Bakijama (transl.Bastion on Ravne Bakije) is located in the far northern part of the fort, and the area is not easily accessible. [6]

Bastion on Zmajevac

Tabija na Zmajevcu (transl.Bastion on Zmajevac) is also located in the far northern part of the fort, and the area is not easily accessible. [6]

Jajce barracks main building

Jajce barracks Jajce barracks, Vratnik, Sarajevo.JPG
Jajce barracks

Jajce kasarna (transl.Jajce barracks) is the name of the former Eugene of Savoy barracks in Sarajevo. Barracks were built in 1914 for the need of the Austro-Hungarian army, and name "Jajce Barracks" carries from 1915 when one Austro-Hungarian military hospital was moved to the Barracks. [7]

Heritage designation and protection

The Walled city of Vratnik, with its perimeter walls, fortresses, watchtowers, city gates, and old Bosnian architecture, is designated as the Old Vratnik Fort, the architectural ensemble a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina by KONS in 2005. [6] [8]

See also

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 sarajevo-tourism.com (16 September 2015). "Vratnik town walls with tower-gates".
  2. nezavisne.com (16 September 2015). "Mahala u kojoj kuće imaju retrovizore".
  3. "Museum Alija Izetbegovic". visitmycountry.net. Retrieved 2023-03-02.
  4. klix.ba (16 September 2015). "Bijela tabija: Impozantno utvrđenje koje prkosi vremenu".
  5. "Žuta tabija | Furaj.ba". www.furaj.ba. Archived from the original on 2014-07-08.
  6. 1 2 3 4 kulturno-nasljedje.com (16 September 2015). "Old town Vratnik (history with maps)".
  7. "Jajce Barracks Military Complex, Sarajevo". Archived from the original on 2016-03-06.
  8. Commission to preserve national monuments (16 September 2015). "Old Vratnik Fort, the architectural ensemble". kons.gov.ba. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2015.