Wicked (Maguire novel)

Last updated

Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West
WickedBookCover.jpg
First edition
Author Gregory Maguire
IllustratorDouglas Smith
Cover artistDouglas Smith
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Series The Wicked Years
Genre Fantasy
Publisher ReganBooks
Publication date
1995
Media typePrint (hardback)
Pages406
ISBN 0-06-039144-8
OCLC 32746783
813/.54 20
LC Class PS3563.A3535 W5 1995
Followed by Son of a Witch  

Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West is an American novel published in 1995, written by Gregory Maguire with illustrations by Douglas Smith. It is the first in The Wicked Years series, and was followed by Son of a Witch (published in September 2005), A Lion Among Men (published in October 2008), and Out of Oz (published in November 2011). In 2003, it was adapted as the Tony Award-winning Broadway musical Wicked . The musical is in the process of being adapted into a two-part feature film, with the first film scheduled to be released in November 2024 and the second film in November 2025.

Contents

Wicked is a revisionist exploration of the characters and setting of the 1900 novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum, its sequels, and the 1939 film adaptation. It is presented as a biography of the Wicked Witch of the West, here given the name "Elphaba." The book follows Elphaba from her birth as the result of a rape through her radicalization, social ostracism, and finally her death at the hands of Dorothy Gale. Maguire shows the traditionally villainous character in a sympathetic light, using her journey to explore the problem of evil and the "nature versus nurture" debate, as well as themes of terrorism, propaganda, and life purpose.

Background

Maguire began contemplating the nature of evil while living in London in the early 1990s. He noticed that while the problem of evil had been explored from many different perspectives, those perspectives were seldom synthesized together. [1] He wondered whether calling a person evil might be enough to cause a self-fulfilling prophecy.

If everyone was always calling you a bad name, how much of that would you internalize? How much of that would you say, all right, go ahead, I'll be everything that you call me because I have no capacity to change your minds anyway so why bother. By whose standards should I live? [2]

He was also inspired by the 1993 murder of James Bulger, in which both victim and perpetrators were young children.

Everyone was asking: how could those boys be so villainous? Were they born evil or were there circumstances that pushed them towards behaving like that? It propelled me back to the question of evil that bedevils anybody raised Catholic. [3]

Up to that point strictly a children's author, Maguire had difficulty finding an effective way to write about evil, since in his mind, there were no truly evil characters in children's literature. In what he later described as "the one great revelation of my life," Maguire realized that there were in fact villains in children's books; however, they were usually written as one-dimensional stock characters in order to provoke a quick emotional reaction from young readers. Wondering whom to write about, he envisioned the Wicked Witch of the West, as played by Margaret Hamilton in the MGM film, delivering her iconic line, "I'll get you, my pretty, and your little dog too!" [4] Maguire had a lifelong fascination with TheWizard of Oz, both Baum's original novel and the film, which he watched every year during its annual broadcast. [1] [5] He decided to tell the Wicked Witch's life story using the same large scale and broad moral messages found in the novels of Charles Dickens. [3]

Plot

In the Land of Oz, a minister's wife, Melena Thropp, gives birth to a daughter, Elphaba. Elphaba has green skin, sharp teeth, a savage demeanor, and a fear of water. The story details Elphaba's difficult childhood before flashing forward to show her at Shiz University with her social climbing roommate Galinda, later Glinda.

While at Shiz, the two girls discover that Oz is rife with political tension. Headmistress and Ozian power broker Madame Morrible suggests that Elphaba and Glinda work for her from behind the scenes to help stabilize the political situation in Oz. Preferring more direct action, Elphaba and Glinda travel to the Emerald City, where they meet the Wizard and plead their case. When the Wizard dismisses their concerns, Elphaba takes matters into her own hands. She goes into hiding and joins an underground terrorist group working out of the Emerald City.

Five years later, Elphaba reconnects with former schoolmate Prince Fiyero, now married with three children, and the two begin an illicit affair. Fiyero is caught in Elphaba's hideout and arrested by the Wizard's secret police force. Blaming herself for his capture, Elphaba takes refuge in a convent. Seven years later, she visits Fiyero's family at their castle, Kiamo Ko, in hopes of gaining their forgiveness. She brings along a boy named Liir, her son by Fiyero. Fiyero's family allow her to stay as their guest, but his widow Sarima refuses to hear her apology. While there, Elphaba begins to study sorcery and gains a reputation as a witch.

Elphaba's father asks for her help with her sister Nessarose, who has also become a witch and has taken Elphaba's hereditary position as ruler of Munchkinland. Tired of being used as a pawn in other people's agendas, Elphaba declines her father's request. Nessarose promises to give Elphaba her enchanted silver shoes after she dies. When Elphaba returns to Kiamo Ko, she discovers the Wizard's troops have taken Fiyero's family prisoner.

Seven years later, a storm visits Munchkinland, dropping a farmhouse on Nessarose and killing her. The farmhouse's passengers are a little girl named Dorothy Gale and her dog, Toto. Elphaba and Glinda reunite for the first time in years shortly after Nessarose's death. Upon learning Glinda sent Dorothy off with Nessarose's shoes, for fear of their power igniting a civil war in Munchkinland, Elphaba is furious, as the shoes were rightfully hers.

Elphaba meets with the Wizard to beg for the release of Fiyero and his family. The Wizard explains that he has killed them all except for Fiyero's daughter Nor, whom he keeps as a slave. He explains that he comes from a different world and is not bound by the laws of Oz. After the unsuccessful meeting, Elphaba learns from the Time Dragon Clock that the Wizard is her biological father, making her the child of two different worlds and thus destined never to fit in anywhere.

When Dorothy and her friends arrive at Kiamo Ko, she tells Elphaba that while the Wizard sent her with orders to "kill the Wicked Witch of the West," Dorothy came to apologize for killing Nessarose. Furious that Dorothy is asking for the forgiveness she herself has been denied, Elphaba waves her burning broom in the air and inadvertently sets her skirt on fire. Dorothy throws a bucket of water on her to save her. Instead, the water melts her away.

Dorothy returns to the Wizard with a green bottle, which he recognizes as the potion he used to drug Melena. The Wizard departs the Emerald City mere hours before a coup would have overthrown and killed him. The book ends with political chaos reigning over Oz.

Major characters

Themes

Nature of evil

According to author Maguire, Wicked is primarily about identifying with someone who is ostracized. [3] The Gazette called Wicked "a cautionary tale...about what happens when we as a society decide to label anyone who differs from the norm as evil." [6]

Prior to writing Wicked, Maguire became interested in examining the nature of evil from the perspective of someone considered evil. [1] He noted that while Baum had deliberately avoided using traditional fairy tale characters in writing the original novel, the Wicked Witch of the West was the sole exception, being depicted as the stereotypical "witch in her castle" figure, with wickedness her single defining character trait. [7] The novel raises the question of whether evil is inborn or acquired. Elphaba is a social outcast despite being of noble birth, which makes her question how much power she truly has over her own life. [8]

Propaganda and terrorism

Writing for The American Experience , Rebecca Onion called Wicked "an extended meditation on power and politics." [9] Maguire has noted the similarities between the words "wicked" and "Hitler," calling it "no accident" that he chose this title for his book. He recalled reading a newspaper headline in 1991 comparing Saddam Hussein to Adolf Hitler and feeling firsthand the emotional power of propaganda. [6] Maguire "set out to examine the language and propaganda used to marshal brute force against individuals or minorities that might have been opposed to the war." [10] In the book, one major plank of the Wizard's agenda involves the subjugation of sentient Animals [8] and Madame Morrible promotes this idea using a type of moralistic poem called a "quell." Elphaba instantly sees the propaganda for what it is. [11]

Tor noted that terrorism, committed both by and against the state, plays a major role in the second half of the book. The Wizard keeps an SS-like secret police, the Gale Force, which uses violence to carry out his totalitarian agenda. Elphaba similarly uses terrorism to combat them, [9] though she shies away from targeting children. [8]

Life purpose

A lifelong Catholic, Maguire remembered the nuns who taught in the Catholic schools of his boyhood home of Albany, New York. He admired their sense of purpose and dedication to their cause, saying that their integrity and inscrutability made them witches in his mind. [12] Elphaba discovers her own purpose as a student at Shiz University, where the murder of her favorite professor, Dr. Dillamond, inspires her to join the cause of Animal rights. [13] As the story progresses, she deepens her commitment to her cause, becoming a political exile for her beliefs. [8] [14]

As revisionist literature

Wicked is on its face a revisionist parallel novel for The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. The Independent compared it to Wide Sargasso Sea and Wild Wood as part of "a fascinating sub-genre of novels that revisit well-known stories as much in the spirit of criticism as homage." [14] While previous authors had accepted the existing moral framework of the Oz stories, Wicked showed affection for the originals while simultaneously questioning everything they stood for. Maguire presents a sympathetic view of a villainous character by detailing her life story and helping the reader understand how "an innocent if rather green and biting child" can become "a still moralistic terrorist." [8] He also transformed the Land of Oz itself, changing what he saw as an insular, parochial world into one where different groups and their political agendas intersect and overlap. [9]

Reception

Wicked received mostly positive reviews. Publishers Weekly called it a "fantastical meditation on good and evil, God and free will" which combined "puckish humor and bracing pessimism." [15] Kirkus Reviews called it "A captivating, funny, and perceptive look at destiny, personal responsibility, and the not-always-clashing beliefs of faith and magic." Library Journal recommended the book to "good readers who like satire, and love exceedingly imaginative and clever fantasy." The Los Angeles Times favorably compared Wicked with other "fantasy novels of ideas" such as Gormenghast and Dune. [16]

The New York Times was a notable outlier, criticizing the novel's strident politics and moral relativism. Reviewer Michiko Katutani argued that Maguire "shows little respect for Baum's original story." Wicked, she felt, "turns a wonderfully spontaneous world of fantasy into a lugubrious allegorical realm, in which everything and everyone is labeled with a topical name tag." [13]

Adaptations

In 2003, the novel was adapted as the Broadway musical Wicked by composer/lyricist Stephen Schwartz and librettist Winnie Holzman. The musical was produced by Universal Pictures and directed by Joe Mantello, with musical staging by Wayne Cilento. The Broadway production has inspired long-running productions in Chicago, London's West End, San Francisco, and Los Angeles in the United States, as well as Germany and Japan. It was nominated for ten Tony Awards, winning three, and is the 4th longest-running Broadway show in history, with over 7,400 performances. The original Broadway production starred Idina Menzel as Elphaba and Kristin Chenoweth as Glinda. [17]

In a 2009 interview, Maguire stated that he had sold the rights to ABC to make an independent non-musical TV adaptation of Wicked. It would not be based on Winnie Holzman's script. [18] On January 9, 2011, Entertainment Weekly reported that ABC would be teaming up with Salma Hayek and her production company to create a TV miniseries of Wicked based solely on Maguire's novel. [19] The miniseries never entered production.

In September 2010, Filmshaft disclosed that Universal Pictures was beginning work on a film adaptation of the stage musical. [20] In December 2012, following the success of Les Misérables , [21] [22] Marc Platt, also a producer of the stage version, announced the film was going ahead, [23] later confirming the film was aiming for a 2016 release. [24] Universal announced in 2016 that the film would be released in theaters on December 22, 2021, with Stephen Daldry directing. [25] After production was shut down during the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic, [26] Daldry left the production due to scheduling conflicts [27] and was replaced by Jon M. Chu. [26] Cynthia Erivo and Ariana Grande were cast as Elphaba and Galinda, respectively, with rehearsals set to begin in July 2022. [28] Michelle Yeoh was announced for the Madame Morrible role in December 2022. [29]

In April 2022, it was announced that the film will be released in two parts, with the first one set for a release on November 27, 2024 and the second part on November 26, 2025. [30]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Princess Ozma</span> Fictional character from Land of Oz

Princess Ozma is a fictional character from the Land of Oz, created by American author L. Frank Baum. She appears for the first time in the second Oz book, The Marvelous Land of Oz (1904), and in every Oz book thereafter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glinda</span> The Wonderful Wizard of Oz character

Glinda is a fictional character created by L. Frank Baum for his Oz novels. She first appears in Baum's 1900 children's classic The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, and is the most powerful sorceress in the Land of Oz, ruler of the Quadling Country South of the Emerald City, and protector of Princess Ozma.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Land of Oz</span> Fantasy land created by L. Frank Baum

The Land of Oz is a magical country introduced in the 1900 children's novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz written by L. Frank Baum and illustrated by W. W. Denslow.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scarecrow (Oz)</span> Character in L. Frank Baums fictional Land of Oz

The Scarecrow is a character in the fictional Land of Oz created by American author L. Frank Baum and illustrator W.W. Denslow. In his first appearance, the Scarecrow reveals that he lacks a brain and desires above all else to have one. In reality, he is only two days old and merely naïve. Throughout the course of the novel, he proves to have the brains he seeks and is later recognized as "the wisest man in all of Oz," although he continues to credit the Wizard for them. He is, however, wise enough to know his own limitations and all too happy to hand the rulership of Oz to Princess Ozma and become one of her trusted advisors, though he typically spends more time having fun than advising.

The Wicked Witch of the West is a fictional character who appears in the classic children's novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900), created by American author L. Frank Baum. In Baum's subsequent Oz novels, it is the Nome King who is the principal villain; the Wicked Witch of the West is rarely even referred to again after her death in the first book.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wicked Witch of the East</span> Fictional character

The Wicked Witch of the East is a fictional character created by American author L. Frank Baum. She is a crucial character but appears only briefly in Baum's classic children's series of Oz novels, most notably The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elphaba</span> Fictional character from Wicked

Elphaba Thropp is the protagonist in Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West by Gregory Maguire, and in its musical theatre adaptation Wicked. The character is identified with the Wicked Witch of the West from L. Frank Baum's 1900 novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.

<i>Son of a Witch</i> 2005 novel by Gregory Maguire

Son of a Witch (2005) is a fantasy novel by American writer Gregory Maguire. The book is Maguire’s fifth revisionist story and the second set in the land of Oz originally conceived by L. Frank Baum. Son of a Witch continues the story after the fall from power of the Wizard of Oz and the death of Elphaba by recounting the life of Elphaba’s son, Liir. The book is dedicated to the cast of the Broadway musical version of Wicked.

<i>Wicked</i> (musical) 2003 musical by Stephen Schwartz

Wicked is a musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Schwartz and a book by Winnie Holzman. It is a loose adaptation of the 1995 Gregory Maguire novel Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West, which is in turn based on L. Frank Baum's 1900 novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and its 1939 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film adaptation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Good Witch of the North (Baum)</span> The Wonderful Wizard of Oz character

The Good Witch of the North, sometimes named Locasta or Tattypoo, is a fictional character in the Land of Oz, created by American author L. Frank Baum. She is the elderly and mild-mannered Ruler of the Gillikin Country. Her only significant appearance in Baum's work is in Chapter 2 of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900), in which she introduces Dorothy Gale to Oz and sends her to meet the Wizard, after placing a protective kiss on her forehead. She makes a brief cameo appearance at Princess Ozma's birthday party in The Road to Oz (1909), but is otherwise only mentioned elsewhere in the series.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pastoria</span> Fictional character from L. Frank Baums Oz-series

King Pastoria is a fictional character mentioned in the Oz books by American author L. Frank Baum. He was the rightful ruler and King of the undiscovered Land of Oz, but was mysteriously removed from his position when the Wizard of Oz unexpectedly came to the country and took the throne, proclaiming himself as the new dominant ruler of Oz. Shortly after, Pastoria's only child and heir, Princess Ozma, suddenly vanished, leaving not a single clue of her whereabouts.

The Wicked Years is a series of novels by Gregory Maguire that present a revisionist take on L. Frank Baum's The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, its 1939 film adaptation, and related books.

"The Wizard and I" is a musical number from the hit musical Wicked. It is primarily a solo number for the character of Elphaba, though the character Madame Morrible also sings in the introduction to the song.

"Dancing Through Life" is a musical number from the musical Wicked. It is sung between Fiyero, Elphaba and Glinda, Nessarose, and Boq, as well as other cast members.

"What Is This Feeling?" is a song from the 2003 musical Wicked. It is sung between Elphaba, Galinda, and the students at Shiz University, expressing their loathing for each other's contrasting personalities as newly-assigned roommates.

"I'm Not That Girl" is a showtune from the musical Wicked, based on the novel, "Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West", by Gregory Maguire. It was composed by Stephen Schwartz, originally recorded by Idina Menzel and Kristin Chenoweth (reprise) on November 10, 2003, and released on December 16, 2003. It is a solo sung by the main character of the show, Elphaba Thropp in the first act and Glinda in the reprise in the second act.

<i>Out of Oz</i> Novel by Gregory Maguire

Out of Oz is the fourth and final novel in Gregory Maguire's The Wicked Years and was released on November 1, 2011. Out of Oz brings a conclusion to the narratives spread across The Wicked Years while providing a revisionist look at L. Frank Baum's Land of Oz incorporating elements from Baum's series as well as the 1939 film adaptation of the original novel. This novel presents an Oz in the middle of a civil war plagued with depression and adult situations, from the perspective of Rain, the young granddaughter of Elphaba Thropp, Maguire's reimagining of The Wicked Witch of the West.

<i>Wicked</i> (2024 film) Upcoming two-part film directed by Jon M. Chu

Wicked is an upcoming American musical fantasy film directed by Jon M. Chu and written by Winnie Holzman. It is the first of a two-part film adaptation of the stage musical of the same name by Stephen Schwartz and Holzman, which in turn was based on the 1995 novel of the same name by Gregory Maguire. The film stars Cynthia Erivo and Ariana Grande, with Michelle Yeoh, Jeff Goldblum, Jonathan Bailey, Ethan Slater, Marissa Bode, Bowen Yang, Bronwyn James, Keala Settle, and Peter Dinklage in supporting roles. Set in the Land of Oz, largely before Dorothy Gale's arrival from Kansas, the plot follows green-skinned Elphaba and her path to ultimately becoming the Wicked Witch of the West, alongside an unlikely friendship and later rivalry with a classmate who later becomes Glinda the Good.

<i>Wicked Part Two</i> 2025 film

Wicked: Part Two is an upcoming American musical fantasy film directed by Jon M. Chu and written by Winnie Holzman. The sequel to Wicked (2024), it is the second of a two-part film adaptation of the stage musical of the same name by Stephen Schwartz and Holzman, which in turn was based on the 1995 novel of the same name by Gregory Maguire. The film stars Cynthia Erivo and Ariana Grande, with Michelle Yeoh, Jeff Goldblum, Jonathan Bailey, Ethan Slater, Marissa Bode, Bowen Yang, Bronwyn James, Keala Settle, and Peter Dinklage in supporting roles.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Jung, Kang-hyun (June 28, 2012). "The story behind 'Wicked's' Gregory Maguire". Korea JoongAng Daily . Archived from the original on March 21, 2022. Retrieved March 21, 2022.
  2. ↑ Wilson, Jacque (November 4, 2008). "'Wicked' author Gregory Maguire returns to Oz". CNN. Archived from the original on June 12, 2021. Retrieved March 21, 2022.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Wiegand, Chris (September 27, 2021). "'They changed my ending, I felt aghast': how we made Wicked". The Guardian. Archived from the original on March 19, 2022. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
  4. ↑ Rabinowitz, Chloe. "BWW Interview: Gregory Maguire Talks 25th Anniversary Edition of the WICKED Novel, Dream Casts the WICKED Movie and More". BroadwayWorld.com. Archived from the original on 2021-03-04. Retrieved 2022-03-22.
  5. ↑ DeWitt, Peter (2012-05-31). "A Wicked Good Interview with Gregory Maguire". Education Week. ISSN   0277-4232. Archived from the original on 2022-03-21. Retrieved 2022-03-21.
  6. 1 2 Moore, John (23 October 2021). "The meaning of 'Wicked' won't go away". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2022-03-21.
  7. ↑ "Wizard's Wireless: Interviews With Artists Inspired by Oz". www.frodelius.com. Archived from the original on 2021-02-24. Retrieved 2022-03-19.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 Ness, Mari (2010-12-16). "Responding to Fairyland: Gregory Maguire's Wicked". Tor.com. Archived from the original on 2022-03-21. Retrieved 2022-03-21.
  9. 1 2 3 Onion, Rebecca (April 21, 2021). "Why Is the Wizard of Oz So Wonderful?". American Experience . PBS. Archived from the original on March 22, 2022. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  10. ↑ Usher, Robin (March 1, 2008). "Those Wicked ways". The Age. Retrieved 2022-03-22.
  11. ↑ Maguire, Gregory (1995). Wicked : the life and times of the wicked witch of the West : a novel (1st ed.). New York: ReganBooks. pp. 83–85. ISBN   0-06-039144-8.
  12. ↑ Rizzo, Frank (October 30, 2014). "The Evolution Of 'Wicked' From 'Oz'". Hartford Courant. Archived from the original on July 13, 2021. Retrieved March 21, 2022.
  13. 1 2 "BOOKS OF THE TIMES;Let's Get This Straight: Glinda Was the Bad One? - The New York Times". The New York Times . 2021-02-11. Archived from the original on 11 February 2021. Retrieved 2022-03-21.
  14. 1 2 "Wicked, by Gregory Maguire". The Independent. 2006-03-08. Archived from the original on 2022-03-21. Retrieved 2022-03-21.
  15. ↑ "Fiction Book Review: Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West by Gregory Maguire, Author, Douglas Smith, Illustrator William Morrow & Company $26.99 (416p) ISBN 978-0-06-039144-7". PublishersWeekly.com. Archived from the original on 2022-03-21. Retrieved 2022-03-21.
  16. ↑ BookBrowse. "Summary and reviews of Wicked by Gregory Maguire". BookBrowse.com. Archived from the original on 2021-03-08. Retrieved 2022-03-21.
  17. ↑ "Wicked – Broadway Musical – Original | IBDB". www.ibdb.com. Archived from the original on 2021-01-27. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
  18. ↑ Milvy, Erika (February 27, 2009). "Gregory Maguire on Wickedness Post-Bush". 7x7 . 7x7 Bay Area, Inc. Archived from the original on January 3, 2010. Retrieved June 22, 2010.
  19. ↑ Lyons, Margaret (January 9, 2011). "ABC, Salma Hayek developing 'Wicked' miniseries". Entertainment Weekly . Meredith Corporation. Archived from the original on April 5, 2015. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
  20. ↑ Sharp, Jamie (September 6, 2010). "Finally – Wicked: The Movie This Way Comes!". FilmShaft. Archived from the original on January 3, 2011. Retrieved December 14, 2010.
  21. ↑ Belloni, Matthew (February 20, 2013). "Universal Chairman Wants 'Fifty Shades' for Summer 2014, More 'Bourne' and 'Van Helsing' Reboot (Q&A)". The Hollywood Reporter . Billboard-Hollywood Reporter Media Group. Archived from the original on February 23, 2013. Retrieved February 21, 2013.
  22. ↑ Cerasaro, Pat (February 21, 2013). "LES MISERABLES Hit Status Leading To WICKED Movie At Universal?". BroadwayWorld . Archived from the original on March 13, 2013. Retrieved February 21, 2013.
  23. ↑ "WICKED Film to Enter Development 'Soon'". BroadwayWorld . December 13, 2012. Archived from the original on December 16, 2012. Retrieved December 13, 2012.
  24. ↑ Madison, Charles (December 1, 2014). "Wicked movie finally seems to be on course, set for 2016 release". Film Divider. Archived from the original on January 17, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2016.
  25. ↑ McClintock, Pamela (June 16, 2016). "Universal's 'Wicked' Movie Adaptation Gets December 2019 Release". The Hollywood Reporter . Billboard-Hollywood Reporter Media Group. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved September 7, 2016.
  26. 1 2 Galuppo, Mia (February 2, 2021). "Jon M. Chu Set to Direct 'Wicked' Musical". The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved April 23, 2022.
  27. ↑ Fleming, Mike Jr. (October 20, 2020). "'Wicked' Director Stephen Daldry Exits Universal Movie Musical Adaptation". Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on February 2, 2021. Retrieved April 23, 2022.
  28. ↑ Gibson, Kelsie (March 1, 2022). "Everything to Know About the Wicked Movie Starring Cynthia Erivo and Ariana Grande". People. Archived from the original on March 20, 2022. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
  29. ↑ Malkin, Marc (2022-12-08). "Michelle Yeoh to Star in 'Wicked' Movies as Madame Morrible (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved 2022-12-15.
  30. ↑ D'Alessandro, Anthony (April 26, 2022). "Universal Releasing 'Wicked' Musical In Two Parts". Deadline. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.