Windows Server 2008

Last updated
Windows Server 2008
Version of the Windows NT operating system
Windows Server 2008 Logo and Wordmark.png
Windows Server 2008.png
Screenshot of Windows Server 2008 showing the Server Manager application which is automatically opened when an administrator logs on.
Developer Microsoft
OS family Windows Server
Source model
Released to
manufacturing 		February 4, 2008;16 years ago (2008-02-04) [1]
General
availability 		February 27, 2008;16 years ago (2008-02-27) [1]
Latest release Service Pack 2 with March 19, 2019 or later update rollup (6.0.6003) [2] / March 19, 2019;5 years ago (2019-03-19)
Marketing targetBusiness
Update method Windows Update, Windows Server Update Services, SCCM
Platforms IA-32, x86-64, Itanium
Kernel type Hybrid (Windows NT kernel)
Default
user interface 		Windows shell (Graphical)
License Proprietary commercial software
Preceded by Windows Server 2003 (2003)
Succeeded by Windows Server 2008 R2 (2009)
Official website Windows Server 2008
Support status
Mainstream support ended on January 13, 2015 [3]
Extended support ended on January 14, 2020 [3]

Paid updates; only for Standard, Enterprise, and Datacenter volume licensed editions: [4] [5]

ESU (Extended Security Updates) support ended on January 10, 2023, for non-Azure &
January 9, 2024, for Azure. [6] [3]

Grandfathered [7] Premium Assurance security update support until January 13, 2026. [8] [9]

See § Paid extended updates for details.
Part of a series of articles on
Windows Vista
New features
Other articles

Windows Server 2008, codenamed "Longhorn Server", is the seventh release of the Windows Server operating system produced by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of the operating systems. It was released to manufacturing on February 4, 2008, and generally to retail on February 27, 2008. Derived from Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008 is the successor of Windows Server 2003 and the predecessor to Windows Server 2008 R2.

Contents

Windows Server 2008 removed support for processors without ACPI. It is the first version of Windows Server that includes Hyper-V and is also the final version of Windows Server that supports IA-32-based processors (also known as 32-bit processors). Its successor, Windows Server 2008 R2, requires a 64-bit processor in any supported architecture (x86-64 for x86 and Itanium).

As of July 2019, 60% of Windows servers were running Windows Server 2008. [10]

History

Microsoft had released Windows Vista to mixed reception, and their last Windows Server release was based on Windows XP. The operating system's working title was Windows Server Codename "Longhorn", but was later changed to Windows Server 2008 when Microsoft chairman Bill Gates announced it during his keynote address at WinHEC on May 16, 2007. [11]

Beta 1 was released on July 27, 2005; Beta 2 was announced and released on May 23, 2006, at WinHEC 2006 and Beta 3 was released publicly on April 25, 2007. [12] Release Candidate 0 was released to the general public on September 24, 2007 [13] and Release Candidate 1 was released to the general public on December 5, 2007. Windows Server 2008 was released to manufacturing on February 4, 2008, and officially launched on the 27th of that month. [14]

Features

Windows Server 2008 is built from the same codebase as Windows Vista and thus it shares much of the same architecture and functionality. Since the codebase is common, Windows Server 2008 inherits most of the technical, security, management and administrative features new to Windows Vista such as the rewritten networking stack (native IPv6, native wireless, speed and security improvements); improved image-based installation, deployment and recovery; improved diagnostics, monitoring, event logging and reporting tools; new security features such as BitLocker and address space layout randomization (ASLR); the improved Windows Firewall with secure default configuration; .NET Framework 3.0 technologies, specifically Windows Communication Foundation, Microsoft Message Queuing and Windows Workflow Foundation; and the core kernel, memory and file system improvements. Processors and memory devices are modeled as Plug and Play devices to allow hot-plugging of these devices. This allows the system resources to be partitioned dynamically using dynamic hardware partitioning – each partition has its own memory, processor and I/O host bridge devices independent of other partitions. [15]

Server Core

Default user interface for Server Core. Because Server Core does not include a shell, programs such as Notepad use an embedded file dialog inherited from Windows 3.x/Windows NT 3.1. Windows 2008 Server Core.png
Default user interface for Server Core. Because Server Core does not include a shell, programs such as Notepad use an embedded file dialog inherited from Windows 3.x/Windows NT 3.1.

Windows Server 2008 includes a variation of installation called Server Core. Server Core is a significantly scaled-back installation where no Windows Explorer shell is installed. It also lacks Internet Explorer, and many other non-essential features. All configuration and maintenance is done entirely through command-line interface windows, or by connecting to the machine remotely using Microsoft Management Console (MMC). Notepad and some Control Panel applets, such as Regional Settings, are available.

A Server Core installation can be configured for several basic roles, including the domain controller (Active Directory Domain Services), Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services (formerly known as Active Directory Application Mode [16] ), DNS Server, DHCP server, file server, print server, Windows Media Server, Internet Information Services 7 web server and Hyper-V virtual server roles. Server Core can also be used to create a cluster with high availability using failover clustering or network load balancing.

Andrew Mason, a program manager on the Windows Server team, noted that a primary motivation for producing a Server Core variant of Windows Server 2008 was to reduce the attack surface of the operating system, and that about 70% of the security vulnerabilities in Microsoft Windows from the prior five years would not have affected Server Core. [17]

Active Directory

The Active Directory domain functionality that was retained from Windows Server 2003 was renamed to Active Directory Domain Services (ADDS). [18]

Failover Clustering

Windows Server 2008 offers high availability to services and applications through Failover Clustering. Most server features and roles can be kept running with little to no downtime.

In Windows Server 2008, the way clusters are qualified changed significantly with the introduction of the cluster validation wizard. [22] The cluster validation wizard is a feature that is integrated into failover clustering in Windows Server 2008. With the cluster validation wizard, an administrator can run a set of focused tests on a collection of servers that are intended to use as nodes in a cluster. This cluster validation process tests the underlying hardware and software directly, and individually, to obtain an accurate assessment of how well failover clustering can be supported on a given configuration.

This feature is only available in Enterprise and Datacenter editions of Windows Server.

Disk management and file storage

Hyper-V

Hyper-V architecture Viridian Architecture.svg
Hyper-V architecture

Hyper-V is hypervisor-based virtualization software, forming a core part of Microsoft's virtualization strategy. It virtualizes servers on an operating system's kernel layer. It can be thought of as partitioning a single physical server into multiple small computational partitions. Hyper-V includes the ability to act as a Xen virtualization hypervisor host allowing Xen-enabled guest operating systems to run virtualized. [26] A beta version of Hyper-V shipped with certain x86-64 editions of Windows Server 2008, prior to Microsoft's release of the final version of Hyper-V on 26 June 2008 as a free download. Also, a standalone variant of Hyper-V exists; this variant supports only x86-64 architecture. [27] While the IA-32 editions of Windows Server 2008 cannot run or install Hyper-V, they can run the MMC snap-in for managing Hyper-V.

Windows System Resource Manager

Windows System Resource Manager (WSRM) is integrated into Windows Server 2008. It provides resource management and can be used to control the amount of resources a process or a user can use based on business priorities. Process Matching Criteria, which is defined by the name, type or owner of the process, enforces restrictions on the resource usage by a process that matches the criteria. CPU time, bandwidth that it can use, number of processors it can be run on, and allocated to a process can be restricted. Restrictions can be set to be imposed only on certain dates as well.

Server Manager

Server Manager is a new roles-based management tool for Windows Server 2008. [28] It is a combination of Manage Your Server and Security Configuration Wizard from Windows Server 2003. Server Manager is an improvement of the Configure my server dialog that launches by default on Windows Server 2003 machines. However, rather than serve only as a starting point to configuring new roles, Server Manager gathers together all of the operations users would want to conduct on the server, such as, getting a remote deployment method set up, adding more server roles etc., and provides a consolidated, portal-like view about the status of each role. [29]

Protocol and cryptography

Miscellaneous

Removed features

Editions

Installation disc of Enterprise edition (beta 3) Windows Server 2008 Beta 3 DVD.jpg
Installation disc of Enterprise edition (beta 3)

Most editions of Windows Server 2008 are available in x86-64 and IA-32 variants. These editions come in two DVDs: One for installing the IA-32 variant and the other for x64. Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-based Systems supports IA-64 processors. The IA-64 variant is optimized for high-workload scenarios like database servers and Line of Business (LOB) applications. As such, it is not optimized for use as a file server or media server. Windows Server 2008 is the last 32-bit Windows server operating system. [36] Editions of Windows Server 2008 include: [37]

The Microsoft Imagine program, known as DreamSpark at the time, used to provide verified students with the 32-bit variant of Windows Server 2008 Standard Edition, but the version has since then been removed. However, they still provide the R2 release.

The Server Core feature is available in the Web, Standard, Enterprise and Datacenter editions.

Windows Server 2008 Foundation Released on May 21, 2009. [41]

System requirements

System requirements for Windows Server 2008 are as follows:

Criteria20082008 R2
Minimum [42] Recommended [42] Minimum [43] Recommended [43]
CPU
  • 1 GHz (IA-32)
  • 1.4 GHz (x86-64 or Itanium)
2 GHz or faster1.4 GHz (x86-64 or Itanium)2 GHz or faster
RAM 512 MB 2 GB or greater512 MB2 GB or greater
HDD [lower-alpha 1]
  • Other editions, 32-bit: 20 GB
  • Other editions, 64-bit: 32 GB
  • Foundation: 10 GB [44]
40 GB or greater
  • Foundation: 10 GB
  • Other editions: 32 GB
  • Foundation: 10 GB or greater
  • Other editions: 32 GB or greater
Devices DVD drive, 800 × 600 or higher display, keyboard and mouse

Scalability

Windows Server 2008 supports the following maximum hardware specifications: [45] [46] [47]

SpecificationWindows Server 2008 SP2Windows Server 2008 R2
Physical processors
("sockets") [46]
  • Standard: 4
  • Enterprise: 8
  • Datacenter: 32
  • Standard: 4
  • Enterprise: 8
  • Datacenter: 64
Logical processors
when Hyper-V is disabled [46]
256
Logical processors
when Hyper-V is enabled [46]
64
Memory
on IA-32 [47]
  • Standard, Web: 4 GB
  • Enterprise, Datacenter: 64 GB
—
Memory
on x64 [47]
  • Standard, Web: 32 GB
  • HPC: 128 GB
  • Enterprise, Datacenter: 1 TB
  • Foundation: 8 GB
  • Standard, Web: 32 GB
  • HPC: 128 GB
  • Enterprise, Datacenter: 2 TB
Memory
on Itanium [47] 		2 TB

Updates

Windows Server 2008 shares most of its updates with Windows Vista, given that the operating systems share a codebase. A workaround using the Microsoft Update Catalog allowed the installation of updates for Windows Server 2008 on Windows Vista, [48] adding nearly 3 years of security updates to that operating system (Support for Windows Vista ended on April 11, 2017, [49] while support for Windows Server 2008 ended on January 14, 2020).

Service Pack 2

The RTM release of Windows Server 2008 already includes the updates and fixes of Windows Vista Service Pack 1.

Service Pack 2 was initially announced on October 24, 2008 [50] and released on May 26, 2009. Service Pack 2 added new features, such as Windows Search 4.0, support for Bluetooth 2.1, the ability to write to Blu-ray discs, and simpler Wi-Fi configuration. Windows Server 2008 specifically received the final release of Hyper-V 1.0, improved backwards compatibility with Terminal Server license keys and an approximate 10% reduction in power usage with this service pack. [51]

Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 share the same service pack update binary. [52]

Platform Update

On October 27, 2009, Microsoft released the Platform Update for Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista. It backports several APIs and libraries introduced in Windows Server 2008 R2 and Windows 7 to Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista, including the Ribbon API, DirectX 11, the XPS library, the Windows Automation API and the Portable Device Platform. [53] A supplemental update was released in 2011 to provide improvements and bug fixes. [54]

Internet Explorer 9

Windows Server 2008 shipped with Internet Explorer 7, the same version that shipped with Windows Vista. The last supported version of Internet Explorer for Windows Server 2008 was Internet Explorer 9, released in 2011. Internet Explorer 9 was continually updated with cumulative monthly update rollups until support for Internet Explorer 9 on Windows Server 2008 ended on January 14, 2020. [55] IE9 continued to receive updates as long as the operating system was with Extended Security Updates until January 10, 2023 for non-Azure customers and January 9, 2024 for Azure customers respectively.

.NET Framework

The latest supported version of the .NET Framework officially is version 4.6, released on October 15, 2015. [56]

TLS 1.1 and 1.2 support

In July 2017, Microsoft released an update to add TLS 1.1 and 1.2 support to Windows Server 2008, however it is disabled by default after installing the update. [57]

SHA-2 signing support

Starting in March 2019, Microsoft began transitioning to exclusively signing Windows updates with the SHA-2 algorithm. As a result of this Microsoft released several updates throughout 2019 to add SHA-2 signing support to Windows Server 2008. [58]

Monthly update rollups

In June 2018, Microsoft announced that they would be moving Windows Server 2008 to a monthly update model beginning with updates released in September 2018 [59] – two years after Microsoft switched the rest of their supported operating systems to that model. [60]

With the new update model, instead of updates being released as they became available, only two update packages were released on the second Tuesday of every month until Windows Server 2008 reached its end of life – one package containing security and quality updates, and a smaller package that contained only the security updates. Users could choose which package they wanted to install each month. Later in the month, another package would be released which was a preview of the next month's security and quality update rollup.

Installing the preview rollup package released for Windows Server 2008 on March 19, 2019, or any later released rollup package, will update the operating system kernel's build number from version 6.0.6002 to 6.0.6003. This change was made so Microsoft could continue to service the operating system while avoiding "version-related issues". [61]

The last free security update rollup packages were released on January 14, 2020. [62]

Windows Server 2008 R2

A second release of Windows Server 2008 based on Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2, was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009 [63] and became generally available on October 22, 2009. [64] New features added in Windows Server 2008 R2 include new virtualization features, new Active Directory features, Internet Information Services 7.5 and support for up to 256 logical processors. It is the first server operating system by Microsoft to exclusively support 64-bit processors, while consumer-oriented versions of Windows maintained 32-bit support until Windows 11 in 2021. It is also the final version of Windows Server that supports IA-64-based processors.

A service pack for Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2, formally designed Service Pack 1, was released in February 2011. [65]

Support lifecycle

Support for the RTM version of Windows Server 2008 ended on July 12, 2011, [3] and users can no longer receive further security updates for the operating system. As a component of Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008 with Service Pack 2 continued to be supported with security updates, lasting until January 14, 2020, the same respective end-of-life dates of its successor, Windows Server 2008 R2 and Windows 7.

Microsoft planned to end support for Windows Server 2008 on January 12, 2016. However, in order to give customers more time to migrate to newer Windows versions, particularly in developing or emerging markets, Microsoft decided to extend support to January 14, 2020. [4] [6] [5]

Windows Server 2008 was eligible for the paid Extended Security Updates (ESU) program. The program allowed volume license customers to purchase, in yearly installments, security updates for the operating system for three additional years, until January 10, 2023. The program was also included with Microsoft Azure purchases, and Azure customers received an extra year of support, until January 9, 2024. The licenses are paid for on a per-machine basis. If a user purchases an Extended Security Updates license in a later year of the program, they must pay for any previous years of Extended Security Updates as well. [4] [66]

Prior to the ESU program becoming available, Windows Server 2008 was eligible for the now discontinued, paid Premium Assurance program (an add-on to Microsoft Software Assurance) available to volume license customers. Microsoft will, however, honor the program for customers who purchased it between March 2017 and July 2018 (while it was available). The program provides an extra six years of security update support, until January 13, 2026. [8] [7] [9] [67] This will mark the final end of the Windows NT 6.0 product line after 19 years, 2 months, and 5 days.

Paid extended updates are not available for Itanium customers. [68] [67]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Computers with more than 16 GB of RAM require more disk space for paging, hibernation, and dump files [43]

Related Research Articles

Microsoft Windows was announced by Bill Gates on 10 November 1983, 2 years before it was first released. Microsoft introduced Windows as a graphical user interface for MS-DOS, which had been introduced two years earlier. The product line evolved in the 1990s from an operating environment into a fully complete, modern operating system over two lines of development, each with their own separate codebase.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Windows Server 2003</span> Third version of Windows Server, released in 2003

Windows Server 2003, codenamed "Whistler Server", is the sixth version of the Windows Server operating system produced by Microsoft. It is part of the Windows NT family of operating systems and was released to manufacturing on March 28, 2003 and generally available on April 24, 2003. Windows Server 2003 is the successor to the Server editions of Windows 2000 and the predecessor to Windows Server 2008. An updated version, Windows Server 2003 R2, was released to manufacturing on December 6, 2005. Windows Server 2003 is based on Windows XP.

Virtual PC is an x86 emulator for PowerPC Mac hosts and a virtualization app for Microsoft Windows hosts. It was created by Connectix in 1997 and acquired by Microsoft in 2003. The Mac version was discontinued in 2006 following the Mac transition to Intel, while the Windows version was discontinued in 2011 in favour of Hyper-V.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Windows 7</span> Eighth major release of Windows NT

Windows 7 is a major release of the Windows NT operating system developed by Microsoft. It was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009, and became generally available on October 22, 2009. It is the successor to Windows Vista, released nearly three years earlier. Windows 7's server counterpart, Windows Server 2008 R2, was released at the same time. Windows 7 remained an operating system for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, tablet PCs and media center PCs, and itself was replaced in November 2012 by Windows 8, the name spanning more than three years of the product.

Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) is a proprietary protocol developed by Microsoft Corporation which provides a user with a graphical interface to connect to another computer over a network connection. The user employs RDP client software for this purpose, while the other computer must run RDP server software.

Windows Services for UNIX (SFU) is a discontinued software package produced by Microsoft which provided a Unix environment on Windows NT and some of its immediate successor operating-systems.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shadow Copy</span> Microsoft technology for storage snapshots

Shadow Copy is a technology included in Microsoft Windows that can create backup copies or snapshots of computer files or volumes, even when they are in use. It is implemented as a Windows service called the Volume Shadow Copy service. A software VSS provider service is also included as part of Windows to be used by Windows applications. Shadow Copy technology requires either the Windows NTFS or ReFS filesystems in order to create and store shadow copies. Shadow Copies can be created on local and external volumes by any Windows component that uses this technology, such as when creating a scheduled Windows Backup or automatic System Restore point.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Windows Vista</span> Seventh major release of Windows NT

Windows Vista is a major release of the Windows NT operating system developed by Microsoft. It was the direct successor to Windows XP, released five years earlier, which was then the longest time span between successive releases of Microsoft Windows. It was released to manufacturing on November 8, 2006, and over the following two months, it was released in stages to business customers, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), and retail channels. On January 30, 2007, it was released internationally and was made available for purchase and download from the Windows Marketplace; it is the first release of Windows to be made available through a digital distribution platform.

Microsoft Virtual Server was a virtualization solution that facilitated the creation of virtual machines on the Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows Server 2003 operating systems. Originally developed by Connectix, it was acquired by Microsoft prior to release. Virtual PC is Microsoft's related desktop virtualization software package.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hyper-V</span> Native hypervisor by Microsoft

Microsoft Hyper-V, codenamed Viridian, and briefly known before its release as Windows Server Virtualization, is a native hypervisor; it can create virtual machines on x86-64 systems running Windows. Starting with Windows 8, Hyper-V superseded Windows Virtual PC as the hardware virtualization component of the client editions of Windows NT. A server computer running Hyper-V can be configured to expose individual virtual machines to one or more networks. Hyper-V was first released with Windows Server 2008, and has been available without additional charge since Windows Server 2012 and Windows 8. A standalone Windows Hyper-V Server is free, but has a command-line interface only. The last version of free Hyper-V Server is Hyper-V Server 2019, which is based on Windows Server 2019.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Windows Server 2008 R2</span> Fifth version of Windows Server, released in 2009

Windows Server 2008 R2, codenamed "Windows Server 7", is the eighth version of the Windows Server operating system produced by Microsoft and released as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems. It was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009, and became generally available on October 22, 2009, shortly after the completion of Windows 7. It is the successor to Windows Server 2008, which is derived from the Windows Vista codebase, released the previous year, and was succeeded by the Windows 8-based Windows Server 2012.

Windows XP, which is the next version of Windows NT after Windows 2000 and the successor to the consumer-oriented Windows Me, has been released in several editions since its original release in 2001.

Windows NT is a proprietary graphical operating system produced by Microsoft as part of its Windows product line, the first version of which was released on July 27, 1993, and it lives on today since the latest version of Windows, 11, includes its technology.

Microsoft Forefront Unified Access Gateway (UAG) is a discontinued software suite that provides secure remote access to corporate networks for remote employees and business partners. Its services include reverse proxy, virtual private network (VPN), DirectAccess and Remote Desktop Services. UAG was released in 2010, and is the successor for Microsoft Intelligent Application Gateway (IAG) which was released in 2007. UAG is part of the Microsoft Forefront offering. Microsoft discontinued the product in 2014, although the Web Application Proxy feature of Windows Server 2012 R2 and later offers some of its functionalities.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">.NET Framework version history</span>

Microsoft started development on the .NET Framework in the late 1990s originally under the name of Next Generation Windows Services (NGWS). By late 2001 the first beta versions of .NET Framework 1.0 were released. The first version of .NET Framework was released on 13 February 2002, bringing managed code to Windows NT 4.0, 98, 2000, ME and XP.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Windows Server 2012</span> Sixth version of Windows Server, released in 2012

Windows Server 2012, codenamed "Windows Server 8", is the ninth version of the Windows Server operating system by Microsoft, as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems. It is the server version of Windows based on Windows 8 and succeeds Windows Server 2008 R2, which is derived from the Windows 7 codebase, released nearly three years earlier. Two pre-release versions, a developer preview and a beta version, were released during development. The software was officially launched on September 4, 2012, which was the month before the release of Windows 8. It was succeeded by Windows Server 2012 R2 in 2013. Mainstream support for Windows Server 2012 ended on October 9, 2018, and extended support ended on October 10, 2023. Windows Server 2012 is eligible for the paid Extended Security Updates (ESU) program, which offers continued security updates until October 13, 2026.

Server Core is a minimalistic Microsoft Windows Server installation option, debuted in Windows Server 2008. Server Core provides a server environment with functionality scaled back to core server features, and because of limited features, it has reduced servicing and management requirements, attack surface, disk and memory usage. Andrew Mason, a program manager on the Windows Server team, noted that a primary motivation for producing a Server Core variant of Windows Server 2008 was to reduce the attack surface of the operating system, and that about 70% of the security vulnerabilities in Microsoft Windows from the prior five years would not have affected Server Core. Most notably, no Windows Explorer shell is installed. All configuration and maintenance is done entirely through command-line interface windows, or by connecting to the machine remotely using Microsoft Management Console (MMC), remote server administration tools, and PowerShell.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Windows Server 2012 R2</span> Seventh version of Windows Server, released in 2013

Windows Server 2012 R2, codenamed "Windows Server Blue", is the tenth version of the Windows Server operating system by Microsoft, as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems. It was unveiled on June 3, 2013, at TechEd North America, and released on October 18 of the same year. It is the successor to Windows Server 2012, and is based on the Windows 8.1 codebase.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Windows Server 2016</span> Eighth version of Windows Server, released in 2016

Windows Server 2016 is the eleventh release of the Windows Server operating system developed by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems. It was developed alongside Windows 10 and is the successor to the Windows 8.1-based Windows Server 2012 R2. The first early preview version became available on October 1, 2014 together with the first technical preview of System Center. Windows Server 2016 was released on September 26, 2016 at Microsoft's Ignite conference and broadly released for retail sale on October 12, 2016. It was succeeded by Windows Server 2019 and the Windows Server Semi-Annual Channel.

The history of Microsoft SQL Server begins with the first Microsoft SQL Server database product – SQL Server v1.0, a 16-bit relational database for the OS/2 operating system, released in 1989.

References

  1. 1 2 "As Windows Server 2008 RTMs, Customers and Partners Adopting with Help of New Tools, Training". News Center. Redmond, WA: Microsoft. 4 February 2008.
  2. ↑ "Build number changing to 6003 in Windows Server 2008". support.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2021-03-26.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Microsoft Product Lifecycle". Support. Microsoft. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
  4. 1 2 3 "Product Lifecycle FAQ – Extended Security Updates – Microsoft Lifecycle". docs.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2021-03-26.
  5. 1 2 "Announcing new options for SQL Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 End of Support". azure.microsoft.com. 12 July 2018. Retrieved 2021-03-26.
  6. 1 2 "Extended Security Updates for SQL Server and Windows Server 2008 and 2008 R2 | Microsoft". www.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2021-03-26.
  7. 1 2 Mackie, Kurt (July 13, 2018). "Microsoft Replacing 'Premiere Assurance' Support with New Security Plan". Redmond Channel Partner. 1105 Media. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  8. 1 2 Foley, Mary Jo (December 8, 2016). "Microsoft to offer option of 16 years of Windows Server, SQL Server support through new Premium Assurance offer". ZDNet . Red Ventures . Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  9. 1 2 "Windows Server Premium Assurance SQL Server Premium Assurance" (PDF). Licensing School. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  10. ↑ "Not dead yet: Windows Server 2008 users have options". January 21, 2020.
  11. ↑ Miller, Michael J. (2007-05-15). "Gates at WinHec 2007: Windows Server 2008, Rally, Home Server and More". Forward Thinking. Archived from the original on 2007-06-26. Retrieved 2007-07-09.
  12. ↑ Lowe, David (2007-04-25). "Beta 3 is Go!". Windows Server Division WebLog. Microsoft. Archived from the original on 2007-04-28. Retrieved 2007-04-25.
  13. ↑ Ralston, Ward (2007-09-24). "Windows Server 2008 Rc0 Released!". Windows Server Division WebLog. Microsoft. Archived from the original on 2007-10-11. Retrieved 2007-09-24.
  14. ↑ Nate Mook (10 July 2007). "New Windows Server, Visual Studio, SQL Server to Launch in February". BetaNews. Retrieved 2007-07-11.
  15. ↑ "Dynamic Hardware Partitioning Architecture". MSDN. Retrieved 2007-07-23.
  16. ↑ Archiveddocs. "Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services Overview". docs.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2020-01-15.
  17. ↑ "Iain McDonald and Andrew Mason show off the new Windows Server OS". Channel 9 . Microsoft. May 24, 2006. Retrieved 2008-11-01. 18:55
  18. ↑ Hynes, Byron (November 2006). "The Future of Windows: Directory Services in Windows Server 2008". TechNet Magazine. Retrieved 2007-05-02.
  19. ↑ "Deploying Windows Server 2008 Read Only Domain Controllers". docs.microsoft.com. 16 May 2008. Retrieved 2020-01-15.
  20. ↑ "Q. What is a read-only domain controller (RODC)?". IT Pro. 2008-03-24. Retrieved 2020-01-15.
  21. ↑ Ward, Keith (2007-10-08). "Top 10 Overlooked Windows Server 2008 Features, Part 2". Redmond Developer News. Archived from the original on 2009-08-04. Retrieved 2014-10-10.
  22. ↑ "Failover Cluster Validation Error 80070005 on Windows Server 2008 R2 x64". Capitalhead. 2009-11-04. Archived from the original on 2013-05-08. Retrieved 2013-10-28.
  23. ↑ Zoeller, Jill (26 July 2007). "New in Windows Server 2008: Breaking the 5K Folder "Barrier" in Domain-Based Namespaces". The Storage Team at Microsoft – File Cabinet Blog. Microsoft. Archived from the original on 4 April 2009. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  24. ↑ "Failover Clustering with Windows Server 2008 including Cluster shared volumes". Microsoft. 2007-01-17. Retrieved 2007-07-09.
  25. ↑ Loveall, John (2006). "Storage improvements in Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008" (PowerPoint). Microsoft Corporation . Retrieved 2007-07-09.
  26. ↑ "Benchmarking Hyper-V on Windows Server 2008 R2 x64". 2010-01-20. Archived from the original on 2010-02-18. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
  27. ↑ "Microsoft Extends Virtualization Strategy, Outlines Product Road Map". Microsoft. 2006-05-22. Retrieved 2007-07-09.
  28. ↑ "Server Manager". Windows Server 2008 Technical Library. Microsoft TechNet. 2007-06-25. Archived from the original on 2007-10-24. Retrieved 2007-05-02.
  29. ↑ "Unexpected error refreshing Server Manager-0x800706BE and 1601 on Window Server 2008 R2". Archived from the original on 2010-11-13. Retrieved 2010-11-05.
  30. ↑ "Multicasting OS deployments with Windows Server 2008". Kevinsul's Management Blog. Microsoft. 29 August 2007. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  31. 1 2 "Removed technologies in Routing and Remote Access in Windows Server 2008". TechNet . Microsoft. 29 August 2011. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  32. ↑ "Windows Server Backup Step-by-Step Guide for Windows Server 2008". TechNet . Microsoft. 17 January 2013. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  33. ↑ "Exchange Server 2007 Service Pack 2 available in Q3 2009". The Exchange Team Blog. 11 May 2009. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  34. ↑ Bilic, Nino (18 June 2008). "To Backup or Not to Backup? Yes! To backup!!". The Exchange Team Blog. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  35. ↑ "IIS 7.0 Protocols". TechNet . Microsoft. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  36. ↑ Heaton, Alex (2007-05-18). "On 64-bit and Windows Client". Windows Vista Team Blog. Retrieved 2007-07-09.
  37. ↑ "Windows Server 2008 Product Editions". Microsoft. 2007-04-25. Retrieved 2007-07-09.
  38. ↑ "Windows Server 2008 Foundation: An Entry-Level Server Platform". Petri IT Knowledgebase. 2009-04-17. Retrieved 2014-01-08.
  39. ↑ Ligman, Eric (7 November 2007). "Announcing Windows Essential Business Server". Microsoft Small Business Blog. Microsoft. Retrieved 2013-08-16.
  40. ↑ "Windows Essential Business Server 2008". Technet.microsoft.com. 2010-12-31. Retrieved 2013-01-09.
  41. ↑ "Windows Server 2008, Microsoft Lifecycle (Look at the Note below links)". docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/.
  42. 1 2 "Windows Server 2008 System Requirements". 31 March 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
  43. 1 2 3 "Microsoft Windows Server 2008 System Requirements". Microsoft.com. Retrieved 2013-01-09.
  44. ↑ "Microsoft Windows Server 2008 System Requirements". Microsoft. Retrieved 2013-01-09.
  45. ↑ Savill, John (October 28, 2011). "Q: What are Windows Server 8's Scalability Numbers?". Windows IT Pro. Penton Media. Archived from the original on February 17, 2013. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
  46. 1 2 3 4 Seldam, Matthijs ten (October 13, 2012). "Windows Server – Sockets, Logical Processors, Symmetric Multi Threading". Matthijs's blog. Microsoft. Retrieved October 14, 2012.
  47. 1 2 3 4 "Memory Limits for Windows and Windows Server Releases". MSDN . Microsoft. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  48. ↑ "Extend Windows Vista support by installing Windows Server 2008 updates – gHacks Tech News". gHacks Technology News. 2017-06-24. Retrieved 2021-06-30.
  49. ↑ "Windows Vista Lifecycle Policy". Microsoft . Retrieved January 2, 2017.
  50. ↑ Justin Graham (October 24, 2008). "Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 beta". Microsoft. Archived from the original on 2008-10-28. Retrieved 2008-10-29.
  51. ↑ "Tech ARP – ED#107 : Latest Details on Windows Vista Service Pack 2 Rev. 2.2". Archived from the original on 2009-02-12.
  52. ↑ "Windows Vista Service Pack 2 Beta". blogs.windows.com. Archived from the original on 9 May 2013. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  53. ↑ "Announcing Final Releases of Platform Update for Windows Vista Technologies". 27 October 2009.
  54. ↑ "Platform Update Supplement for Windows Vista and for Windows Server 2008".
  55. ↑ "Cumulative security update for Internet Explorer: January 14, 2020". support.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2021-03-26.
  56. ↑ "Microsoft .NET Framework 4.6 (Web Installer)". Microsoft .
  57. ↑ "TLS 1.2 Support added to Windows Server 2008". Microsoft Security. 2017-07-20. Retrieved 2021-03-26.
  58. ↑ "2019 SHA-2 Code Signing Support requirement for Windows and WSUS".
  59. ↑ Mackie, Kurt (June 13, 2018). "Microsoft Switching Windows Server 2008 SP2 to Monthly Update Rollup Model". Redmondmag. Retrieved 2021-03-26.
  60. ↑ "Community". forums.ivanti.com. Retrieved 2021-03-26.
  61. ↑ "Build number changing to 6003 in Windows Server 2008".
  62. ↑ "January 14, 2020—KB4534303 (Monthly Rollup)". support.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2021-03-26.
  63. ↑ "Windows Server 2008 R2 Reaches the RTM Milestone! – Windows Server Blog – Site Home – TechNet Blogs". Blogs.technet.com. 2009-07-22. Archived from the original on 2010-04-08. Retrieved 2013-01-09.
  64. ↑ "When to expect Windows Server 2008 R2 RTM – Windows Server Blog – Site Home – TechNet Blogs". Blogs.technet.com. 2009-07-22. Archived from the original on 2009-07-25. Retrieved 2013-01-09.
  65. ↑ LeBlanc, Brandon (February 9, 2011). "Announcing Availability of Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1". Windows Experience Blog. Microsoft.
  66. ↑ "Windows Server 2008 Product Lifecycle". Microsoft. January 14, 2020. Retrieved January 9, 2022. 18:55
  67. 1 2 "Microsoft Update Catalog 2024-04". catalog.update.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2024-05-11.
  68. ↑ "Microsoft Update Catalog 2022-01". catalog.update.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2024-05-11.

Further reading

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.