1888 in science

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The year 1888 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

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Events

Astronomy

Biology

Chemistry

Geography

Mathematics

Meteorology

Physics

Physiology and medicine

Technology

Awards

Births

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Louis Gathmann</span> American engineer and inventor (1843–1917)

Louis Gathmann was a German American engineer and an inventor who is best remembered as the inventor of the Gathmann gun, a large howitzer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Joseph von Fraunhofer</span> German physicist (1787–1826)

Joseph Ritter von Fraunhofer was a German physicist and optical lens manufacturer. He made optical glass, an achromatic telescope, and objective lenses. He also invented the spectroscope and developed diffraction grating. In 1814, he discovered and studied the dark absorption lines in the spectrum of the sun now known as Fraunhofer lines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yerkes Observatory</span> Astronomical observatory in Wisconsin, USA

Yerkes Observatory is an astronomical observatory located in Williams Bay, Wisconsin, United States. The observatory was operated by the University of Chicago Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics from its founding in 1897 to 2018. Ownership was transferred to the non-profit Yerkes Future Foundation (YFF) in May 2020, which began restoration and renovation of the historic building and grounds. Re-opening for public tours and programming began May 27, 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Refracting telescope</span> Type of optical telescope

A refracting telescope is a type of optical telescope that uses a lens as its objective to form an image. The refracting telescope design was originally used in spyglasses and astronomical telescopes but is also used for long-focus camera lenses. Although large refracting telescopes were very popular in the second half of the 19th century, for most research purposes, the refracting telescope has been superseded by the reflecting telescope, which allows larger apertures. A refractor's magnification is calculated by dividing the focal length of the objective lens by that of the eyepiece.

The year 1899 in science involved some significant events, listed below.

The year 1836 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

The year 1872 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

The year 1884 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

The year 1891 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

The year 1887 in science and technology involved many significant events, listed below.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hermann von Struve</span> Baltic German astronomer

Karl Hermann von Struve was a Baltic German astronomer. In Russian, his name is sometimes given as German Ottovich Struve or German Ottonovich Struve.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Georg Hamel</span> German mathematician

Georg Karl Wilhelm Hamel was a German mathematician with interests in mechanics, the foundations of mathematics and function theory.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Markree Observatory</span>

Markree Observatory was an astronomical observatory in County Sligo, Ireland. The asteroid 9 Metis was discovered from this observatory in 1848 by Cooper's assistant Andrew Graham using a comet seeker telescope. The observatory was also home to the largest refractor of the early 1830s, which had a 13.3-inch (340 mm) aperture Cauchoix of Paris lens; the largest in the world at that time. The observatory also housed a number of instruments and was operated to varying degrees throughout the 19th century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Berlin Observatory</span>

The Berlin Observatory is a German astronomical institution with a series of observatories and related organizations in and around the city of Berlin in Germany, starting from the 18th century. It has its origins in 1700 when Gottfried Leibniz initiated the "Brandenburg Society of Science″ which would later (1744) become the Prussian Academy of Sciences. The Society had no observatory but nevertheless an astronomer, Gottfried Kirch, who observed from a private observatory in Berlin. A first small observatory was furnished in 1711, financing itself by calendrical computations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hamburg Observatory</span> Observatory in Hamburg, Germany

Hamburg Observatory is an astronomical observatory located in the Bergedorf borough of the city of Hamburg in northern Germany. It is owned and operated by the University of Hamburg, Germany since 1968, although it was founded in 1825 by the City of Hamburg and moved to its present location in 1912. It has operated telescopes at Bergedorf, at two previous locations in Hamburg, at other observatories around the world, and it has also supported space missions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Hartz</span> German neuroscientist (1836–1921)

Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Hartz was a German anatomist, known for summarizing neuron theory and for naming the chromosome. He is also remembered by anatomical structures of the human body which were named after him: Waldeyer's tonsillar ring and Waldeyer's glands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Richard Dedekind</span> German mathematician (1831–1916)

Julius Wilhelm Richard Dedekind was a German mathematician who made important contributions to number theory, abstract algebra, and the axiomatic foundations of arithmetic. His best known contribution is the definition of real numbers through the notion of Dedekind cut. He is also considered a pioneer in the development of modern set theory and of the philosophy of mathematics known as Logicism.

In set theory, the Schröder–Bernstein theorem states that, if there exist injective functions f : AB and g : BA between the sets A and B, then there exists a bijective function h : AB.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Georg Merz</span>

Georg Merz was a Bavarian optician and manufacturer of astronomical telescopes and other optical instruments.

Raymond Augustin Jean-Baptiste Mailhat was a French manufacturer of telescopes and precision optical instruments.

References

  1. Dreyer, J. L. E. (1888). "A New General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars, being the Catalogue of the late Sir John F.W. Herschel, Bart., revised, corrected, and enlarged" (PDF). Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society . 49: 1–237. Bibcode:1888MmRAS..49....1D.
  2. Maienschein, Jane (1989). One Hundred Years Exploring Life, 1888-1988: the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole. Boston: Jones & Bartlett. ISBN   978-0-86720-120-8.
  3. Helferich, B. (1953). "Emil Fischer zum 100. Geburtstag". Angewandte Chemie . 65 (2): 45–52. doi:10.1002/ange.19530650202.
  4. Bulmer, Michael (2003). Francis Galton: Pioneer of Heredity and Biometry. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 191–196. ISBN   978-0-8018-7403-1.
  5. Texts: Was sind und was sollen die Zahlen?; Was sind und was sollen die Zahlen?; translation: Ewald, William B. (ed). (1996). From Kant to Hilbert: A Source Book in the Foundations of Mathematics. Oxford University Press. 787-832.
  6. Kovalevskaya, S. (1889). "Sur le problème de le rotation d'un corps solide autour d'un point fixe". Acta Mathematica . 12: 177–232. doi: 10.1007/bf02592182 .
  7. Cooke, Roger (1984). The Mathematics of Sonya Kovalevskaya . New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN   978-0-387-96030-2.
  8. Waldman, Thomas A. (2003). "Immunotherapy: past, present and future". Nature Medicine . 9 (3): 269–277. doi:10.1038/nm0303-269. PMID   12612576.
  9. Waldeyer, W. (December 1888). "Ueber Karyokinese und ihre Beziehungen zu den Befruchtungsvorgängen". Archiv für Mikroskopische Anatomie (in German). 32 (1): 1–122. doi:10.1007/BF02956988. ISSN   0176-7364.
  10. Cremer, T.; Cremer, C. (1988). "Centennial of Wilhelm Waldeyer's introduction of the term "chromosome" in 1888". Cytogenetics & Cell Genetics. 48 (2): 65–7. doi: 10.1159/000132590 . PMID   3058399.
  11. Scheuerlein, H.; Henschke, F.; Köckerling, F. (2017). "Wilhelm von Waldeyer-Hartz – A Great Forefather: His Contributions to Anatomy with Particular Attention to "His" Fascia". Frontiers in Surgery. 4: 74. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2017.00074 . PMC   5723023 . PMID   29255713.
  12. "Adolf Eugen Fick (1852–1937)". Archived from the original on 2015-05-17. Retrieved 2015-03-26.
  13. U.S. patent 375,962
  14. U.S. patent 381,968
  15. U.S. patent 382,790
  16. Member's Circular Letter February 2008 Archived 2012-02-27 at the Wayback Machine
  17. U.S. patent 388,850 . Filed in March.
  18. UK Patent No. 15630.
  19. Collingridge, Jeremy M. R.; et al. (2007). "Ink Reservoir Writing Instruments 1905–20". Transactions of the Newcomen Society. 77 (1): 69–100. doi:10.1179/175035207X163361.
  20. "Louis Le Prince". Local Heroes. BBC Education. 1999-11-28. Archived from the original on 1999-11-28. Retrieved 2011-08-14.
  21. Howells, Richard (Summer 2006). "Louis Le Prince: the body of evidence". Screen . Oxford Journals. 47 (2): 179–200. doi:10.1093/screen/hjl015. ISSN   0036-9543.
  22. Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN   978-0-14-102715-9.
  23. "Copley Medal | British scientific award". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 23 July 2020.