The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is an independent agency of the United States federal government,created in the aftermath of the Wall Street Crash of 1929. The primary purpose of the SEC is to enforce the law against market manipulation.
A stockbroker is an individual or company that buys and sells stocks and other investments for a financial market participant in return for a commission,markup,or fee. In most countries they are regulated as a broker or broker-dealer and may need to hold a relevant license and may be a member of a stock exchange. They generally act as a financial advisor and investment manager. In this case they may also be licensed as a financial adviser such as a registered investment adviser.
The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is the regulatory body for securities and commodity market in India under the administrative domain of Ministry of Finance within the Government of India. It was established on 12 April 1988 as an executive body and was given statutory powers on 30 January 1992 through the SEBI Act,1992.SEBI's establishment brought about a centralized regulatory framework,consolidating regulatory functions related to securities trading,issuance,and intermediation under one umbrella.
Program trading is a type of trading in securities,usually consisting of baskets of fifteen stocks or more that are executed by a computer program simultaneously based on predetermined conditions. Program trading is often used by hedge funds and other institutional investors pursuing index arbitrage or other arbitrage strategies. There are essentially two reasons to use program trading,either because of the desire to trade many stocks simultaneously,or alternatively to arbitrage temporary price discrepancies between related financial instruments,such as between an index and its constituent parts.
The Shanghai Stock Exchange is a stock exchange based in the city of Shanghai,China. It is one of the three stock exchanges operating independently in mainland China,the others being the Beijing Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. The Shanghai Stock Exchange is the world's third largest stock market by market capitalization. It is also Asia's biggest stock exchange. Unlike the Hong Kong Stock Exchange,the Shanghai Stock Exchange is still not entirely open to foreign investors and often affected by the decisions of the central government,due to capital account controls exercised by the Chinese mainland authorities.
Xiao Gang was the chairman of the China Securities Regulatory Commission from March 2013 until 20 February 2016. He was previously chairman of the board of directors of Bank of China Limited,of the Bank of China Limited,and deputy governor of the People's Bank of China,the central bank of the People's Republic of China. He has been credited for playing a crucial role in the reform of China's banking sector.
OTC Markets Group,Inc. is an American financial market providing price and liquidity information for almost 12,400 over-the-counter (OTC) securities. The group has its headquarters in New York City. OTC-traded securities are organized into three markets to inform investors of opportunities and risks:OTCQX,OTCQB and Pink.
Qualified Domestic Institutional Investor,also known as QDII,is a scheme relating to the capital market set up to allow financial institutions to invest in offshore markets such as securities and bonds. Similar to QFII,it is a transitional arrangement which provides limited opportunities for domestic investors to access foreign markets at a stage where a country/territory's currency is not traded or floated completely freely and where capital is not able to move completely freely in and out of the country.
The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) is a private American corporation that acts as a self-regulatory organization (SRO) that regulates member brokerage firms and exchange markets. FINRA is the successor to the National Association of Securities Dealers,Inc. (NASD) as well as to the member regulation,enforcement,and arbitration operations of the New York Stock Exchange. The U.S. government agency that acts as the ultimate regulator of the U.S. securities industry,including FINRA,is the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
The Canadian Securities Administrators is an umbrella organization of Canada's provincial and territorial securities regulators whose objective is to improve,coordinate,and harmonize regulation of the Canadian capital markets.
The Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor program,one of the first efforts to internationalize the RMB,represents China's effort to allow,on a selective basis,global institutional investors to invest in its RMB denominated capital market. Once licensed,foreign investors are permitted to buy RMB-denominated "A shares" in China's mainland Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges. Thus foreign investors benefit from an opportunity to invest onshore,which is otherwise often insulated from the rest of the world,and subject to capital controls governing the movement of assets in-and-out of the country.
The Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission,better known as CySEC,is the financial regulatory agency of Cyprus. As an EU member state,CySEC's financial regulations and operations comply with the European MiFID financial harmonization law.
Liu Shiyu is a Chinese banker and former public official. He was best known for his term as head of the China Securities Regulatory Commission between 2016 and 2018. Liu previously served as President of the Agricultural Bank of China from 2014 to 2016. He turned himself into the authorities for disciplinary violations in 2019,and was demoted given a party membership suspension. At the time,he was serving as Chairman of the All China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives. Liu was the second ministerial-level official to hand in to anti-corruption authorities since the 18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party in late 2012.
The Securities Association of China is a self-regulatory organization for securities industry established according to the provisions of the "Securities Law of the People's Republic of China" and the "Administrative Regulations on the Registration of Public Organizations". SAC is a non-profit social institutional legal person function under the guidance and supervision of the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) and the Ministry of Civil Affairs of China.
Securities industry in China is an article on the securities industry in mainland China.
The 2015-2016 Chinese stock market turbulence began with the popping of a stock market bubble on 12 June 2015 and ended in early February 2016. A third of the value of A-shares on the Shanghai Stock Exchange was lost within one month of the event. Major aftershocks occurred around 27 July and 24 August's "Black Monday". By 8–9 July 2015,the Shanghai stock market had fallen 30 percent over three weeks as 1,400 companies,or more than half listed,filed for a trading halt in an attempt to prevent further losses. Values of Chinese stock markets continued to drop despite efforts by the government to reduce the fall. After three stable weeks the Shanghai index fell again by 8.48 percent on 24 August,marking the largest fall since 2007.
Binance Holdings Ltd.,branded Binance,is a global company that operates the largest cryptocurrency exchange in terms of daily trading volume of cryptocurrencies. Binance was founded in 2017 by Changpeng Zhao,a developer who had previously created high-frequency trading software. Binance was initially based in China,then moved to Japan shortly before the Chinese government restricted cryptocurrency companies. Binance subsequently left Japan for Malta and currently has no official company headquarters.
The Fanya Metal Exchange fraud was a notorious financial scam in China that was operational from 2011 to 2015. The collapse of the exchange sparked a series of nationwide protests against the involvement of Chinese local governments in supporting fraudulent fundraising schemes.
The Shanghai Stock Exchange STAR Market,officially known as the Shanghai Stock Exchange Science and Technology Innovation Board,is a Chinese science and technology focused equities market established on July 22,2019.
Kangmei Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd is a large pharmaceutical company based in Guangdong with headquarters in Puning and Shenzhen. Kangmei Pharmaceutical produces medication and medical equipment,with a focus on traditional Chinese medicine. It is traded on the Shanghai Stock Exchange and had a market capitalization of more than 47 billion RMB in 2019.
