Hydro Tasmania

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Hydro-Electric Corporation
Hydro Tasmania
FormerlyHydro-Electric Commission
Company type Government enterprise
Industry Utilities
Founded1929;95 years ago (1929)
Headquarters Hobart, Tasmania,
Australia
Area served
Tasmania
Key people
R. Bolt (Chair)
I. Brooksbank (CEO)
Products9,000 GWh of electricity
BrandsHydro Tasmania, Entura, Momentum Energy
Services Electricity generation
A$1,651 million (2023)
A$168 million (2023)
Total assets A$4,882 million (2023)
Owner Government of Tasmania
Number of employees
1290 (2023)
Subsidiaries Momentum Energy, Entura
Website www.hydro.com.au
Footnotes /references
[1]

Hydro Tasmania, known for most of its history as the Hydro-Electric Commission (HEC) or The Hydro, is the trading name of the Hydro-Electric Corporation, a Tasmanian Government business enterprise which is the predominant electricity generator in the state of Tasmania, Australia. The Hydro was originally oriented towards hydro-electricity, due to Tasmania's dramatic topography and relatively high rainfall in the central and western parts of the state. Today Hydro Tasmania operates thirty hydro-electric and one gas power station, and is a joint owner in three wind farms. [2]

Contents

The Minister for Energy, currently the Hon. Guy Barnett MP, has portfolio responsibility for Hydro Tasmania. Hydro Tasmania operates under the Government Business Enterprises (GBE) Act 1995 and the Hydro-Electric Corporation Act 1995, and has a reporting requirement to the Treasurer of Tasmania, currently the Hon. Michael Ferguson MP. Hydro Tasmania was projected to pay the Tasmania Government a dividend of A$105 million in 2023. [1]

History

Establishment

In 1914, the State Government set up the Hydro-Electric Department (changed to the Hydro-Electric Commission in 1929) to complete the first HEC power station, the Waddamana Hydro-Electric Power Station. Prior to that two private hydro-electric stations had been opened the Launceston City Council's Duck Reach Power Station, opened 1895 on the South Esk River (it was one of the first hydro-electric power stations in the southern hemisphere. Reefton Power Station in New Zealand is the first municipal hydro-station, beginning operations in 1888) and the Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Company's Lake Margaret Power Station, opened in 1914. These power stations were taken over by the HEC and Duck Reach was closed in 1955. Lake Margaret was closed in 2006, but after a multimillion-dollar refit was recommissioned in 2009.

Following the Second World War in the 1940s and early 1950s, many migrants came to Tasmania to work for the HEC with construction of dams and substations. This was similar to the Snowy Mountains Scheme in New South Wales and similar effects in bringing in a significant number of people into the local community enriching the social fabric and culture of each state. Most constructions in this era were concentrated in the centre of the island.

As the choice of rivers and catchments in the central highlands were exhausted, the planners and engineers began serious surveying of the rivers of the west and south west regions of the state. The long term vision of those within the HEC and the politicians in support of the process, was for continued utilisation of all of the state's water resources.

As a consequence of such a vision, the politicians and HEC bureaucrats were able to create the upper Gordon river power development schemes despite worldwide dismay at the loss of the original Lake Pedder. [3] The hydro-industrialisation of Tasmania was seen as paramount above all, and the complaints from outsiders were treated with disdain.

Interrupted dam making

Following the flooding of Lake Pedder by the HEC for the upper Gordon Power Development and the subsequent backlash against the HEC incursions into the south west wilderness of Tasmania, environmental groups of the 1970s and 80s alerted the rest of Australia to the continued power that the HEC had over the Tasmanian environment and politics.

Numbers of Tasmanian politicians either rose or fell on their alignment with the support of the HEC and its power development schemes in the south west and West Coast of Tasmania. [4]

When the HEC proposed a dam on the Gordon River, sited below the Franklin River, there was widespread and vigorous opposition. During the Franklin River 'No Dams' campaign it was common for members of families to be in conflict with one another by being aligned with the HEC proposals or the Conservationists.

The Tasmanian Labor Government attempted to resolve the dispute by offering a compromise dam, sited on the Gordon River above the Olga River, which would have avoided flooding the Franklin River. However, almost no-one wanted this compromise. Conservationists were concerned that the Franklin River area and surrounding wilderness would be damaged, and those in favour of a dam preferred an option that would utilise the Franklin's water as well as the Gordon's water.

The Tasmanian Government then offered a referendum on the issue, which only offered two choices: the Gordon below Franklin dam and the Gordon above Olga dam. There was widespread condemnation that the referendum did not offer a 3rd choice of not having any dam on the Gordon River, and various opinions were offered as to the best way of communicating this at the ballot box. As it turned out, of the 92% of eligible voters to attend the voting booths that day, 47% voted for the Gordon below Franklin option, with the remainder voting informally (45%) or for the Gordon above Olga option (8%). [5] The conservationists were ultimately successful in their campaign to stop any dam on the Gordon River, and the proposal and early works on the Gordon-below-Franklin Dam ended in 1983 when it was blockaded by the environmentalists and the recently elected Liberal State Government lost a High Court challenge to the Commonwealth's powers. The new Hawke Labor Government in Canberra had opposed the Franklin dam and had moved to stop its construction.

The compromise between the State and Federal government and conservationists led the HEC to see the end of an over fifty year long dam making enterprise in the construction of the Henty River and King River power developments.

The limits reached

The conservationists and the HEC in the 1980s acknowledged that there were a limited range of options for further power development schemes, and it was inevitable that the substantial workforce within the HEC specifically employed in the investigation and development of further dams would eventually become redundant.

Since the late 1990s HEC water storages have been progressively drawn down due to power demand exceeding long term supply, the overcoming of which was the original reason the Gordon-below-Franklin dam was proposed. The shortfall has been offset first by drawing down water storage and in latter years through increasing volumes of fossil fuel power generation, at first fuelled by oil and more recently by gas and, via the Basslink cable link to Victoria, coal.

From HEC to Hydro Tasmania

In the early 1990s, eastern state governments prepared for the National Electricity Market (NEM) and electricity deregulation. In anticipation of Tasmania joining NEM, the Hydro-Electric Commission was broken up on 1 July 1998, creating three separate state-owned companies:

Tasmania joined NEM in May 2005.

Starting from the 1990s, Hydro Tasmania has been investing in wind farms, the first one being the Huxley Hill Wind Farm on King Island, which was completed in 1998. This was followed by two wind farms at Woolnorth with a combined capacity of 140MW. Construction of a fourth power station, the Musselroe Wind Farm with a generating capacity of 168 MW was completed in 2013. [2]

It was argued in support of the privatization of Hydro Tasmania that it would result in an increase in revenue and an improvement in company efficiency. The Liberals supported privatisation in the 1990s but failed to convince the public of its merits. They have now reversed this policy. The Labor Party and the Tasmanian Greens have never openly supported privatisation; however many speculate that the Labor Party will support this move in the future. Some evidence of this first arose in late 2003 when a Labor government allowed Hydro Tasmania to sell its subsidiary software business, Hydstra, to a German competitor and again in 2005 when it allowed the sale of part of its financial interests in wind farm company, Roaring 40s to a Hong Kong-based company CLP Power Asia. [6] However, the present policy of all three major political parties is against privatisation, and community opinion mostly supports public ownership.

Hydro Tasmania in the 2000s saw the loss of the old dam building generation. The Anthony Power Development, was considered to be part of the last hydro-electric power development in Tasmania. [7] In 2008, the 1,000 GWH Project saw upgrades to parts of existing structures operated by the Hydro, and on-going progress towards being a carbon neutral operation. [8] [9] [10] In 2020, Tasmania has an annual renewable electricity capacity of 10 TWh, equivalent to its average annual electricity consumption. [11]

2016 crisis

In early 2016, as Tasmania was reaching the lowest water levels ever encountered, there was a fault in Basslink which led to the shutdown of the link to the mainland for about 6 months creating the 2016 power crisis. [12] After Basslink came operational in 2006, the Bell Bay Power Station was decommissioned in 2009, resulting in a reduction of electricity generation capacity of 240 megawatts (320,000 hp), and leaving only Tamar Valley Power Station as a non-hydro power station. That plant had been mothballed and was to be sold when the crisis took place. The plant was recommissioned because of the crisis restoring a capacity of about 200 megawatts (270,000 hp) and diesel generators were brought in from the mainland with a generating capacity of 200 megawatts (270,000 hp). [13] [14]

Power Stations

Gas (thermal)

Power stationCoordinates Max. Capacity (MW) Turbines Fuel type
Bell Bay (Decommissioned) 41°8′31″S146°54′9″E / 41.14194°S 146.90250°E / -41.14194; 146.90250 (Bell Bay Power Station) 0 natural gas

Gas turbine

Power stationCoordinates Max. Capacity (MW) Turbines Fuel type Combined cycle
Tamar Valley 41°08′24″S146°54′20″E / 41.14000°S 146.90556°E / -41.14000; 146.90556 (Tamar Valley Power Station) 2081 natural gas yes
Tamar Valley 41°08′24″S146°54′20″E / 41.14000°S 146.90556°E / -41.14000; 146.90556 (Tamar Valley Power Station) 1784 natural gas no

Hydroelectric

Power stationCoordinates Max. Capacity (MW) Turbines
Bastyan 41°44′5″S145°31′55″E / 41.73472°S 145.53194°E / -41.73472; 145.53194 (Bastyan Power Station) 79.91
Butlers Gorge 42°16′1″S146°15′42″E / 42.26694°S 146.26167°E / -42.26694; 146.26167 (Butlers Gorge Power Station) 12.21
Catagunya 42°27′8″S146°35′52″E / 42.45222°S 146.59778°E / -42.45222; 146.59778 (Catagunya Power Station) 482
Cethana 41°28′47″S146°8′1″E / 41.47972°S 146.13361°E / -41.47972; 146.13361 (Cethana Power Station) 901
Cluny 42°30′23″S146°40′52″E / 42.50639°S 146.68111°E / -42.50639; 146.68111 (Cluny Power Station) 171
Devils Gate 41°21′1″S146°15′48″E / 41.35028°S 146.26333°E / -41.35028; 146.26333 (Devils Gate Power Station) 601
Fisher 41°40′24″S146°16′06″E / 41.67333°S 146.26833°E / -41.67333; 146.26833 (Fisher Power Station) 43.21
Gordon 42°43′50″S145°58′35″E / 42.73056°S 145.97639°E / -42.73056; 145.97639 (Gordon Hydroelectric Power Station) 4323
John Butters 42°9′17″S145°32′3″E / 42.15472°S 145.53417°E / -42.15472; 145.53417 (John Butters Power Station) 1441
Lake Echo 42°15′13″S146°37′13″E / 42.25361°S 146.62028°E / -42.25361; 146.62028 (Lake Echo Power Station) 32.41
Lemonthyme 41°36′14″S146°8′29″E / 41.60389°S 146.14139°E / -41.60389; 146.14139 (Lemonthyme Power Station) 511
Liapootah 42°22′35″S146°30′36″E / 42.37639°S 146.51000°E / -42.37639; 146.51000 (Liapootah Power Station) 87.33
Mackintosh 41°41′56″S145°38′36″E / 41.69889°S 145.64333°E / -41.69889; 145.64333 (Mackintosh Power Station) 79.91
Meadowbank 42°36′46″S146°50′39″E / 42.61278°S 146.84417°E / -42.61278; 146.84417 (Meadowbank Power Station) 401
Paloona 41°16′59″S146°14′56″E / 41.28306°S 146.24889°E / -41.28306; 146.24889 (Paloona Power Station) 281
Poatina 41°48′42″S146°55′8″E / 41.81167°S 146.91889°E / -41.81167; 146.91889 (Poatina Power Station) 3006
Reece 41°43′25″S145°8′10″E / 41.72361°S 145.13611°E / -41.72361; 145.13611 (Reece Hydroelectric Power Station) 231.22
Repulse 42°30′25″S146°38′45″E / 42.50694°S 146.64583°E / -42.50694; 146.64583 (Repulse Power Station) 281
Rowallan 41°43′49″S146°12′49″E / 41.73028°S 146.21361°E / -41.73028; 146.21361 (Rowallan Power Station) 10.51
Tarraleah 42°18′5″S146°27′27″E / 42.30139°S 146.45750°E / -42.30139; 146.45750 (Tarraleah Power Station) 906
Trevallyn 41°25′26″S147°6′41″E / 41.42389°S 147.11139°E / -41.42389; 147.11139 (Trevallyn Power Station) 904
Tribute 41°49′01″S145°39′02″E / 41.81694°S 145.65056°E / -41.81694; 145.65056 (Tribute Power Station) 841
Tungatinah 42°16′26″S146°27′42″E / 42.27389°S 146.46167°E / -42.27389; 146.46167 (Tungatinah Power Station) 1255
Wayatinah 42°25′41″S146°32′00″E / 42.42806°S 146.53333°E / -42.42806; 146.53333 (Wayatinah Power Station) 38.253
Wilmot 41°28′48.5″S146°7′22.6″E / 41.480139°S 146.122944°E / -41.480139; 146.122944 (Wilmot Power Station) 30.61
Total2272.45

Wind farms

Wind FarmLocationCapacity (MW) Turbines
Huxley Hill Wind Farm 39°56′42″S143°53′38″E / 39.94500°S 143.89389°E / -39.94500; 143.89389 2.55
Musselroe Wind Farm 40°53′14″S148°08′28″E / 40.88722°S 148.14111°E / -40.88722; 148.14111 16856
Woolnorth Wind Farm 40°40′50″S144°42′02″E / 40.68056°S 144.70056°E / -40.68056; 144.70056 14062

Key officeholders

The 46-metre (151 ft)-high Hydro building is a prominent feature on Hobart's skyline Hydro-building-hbt.jpg
The 46-metre (151 ft)-high Hydro building is a prominent feature on Hobart's skyline
NameTitleTerm beginTerm endOrganisation titleReferencesComments
John Butters Chief Engineer and
General Manager
19141924Hydro-Electric Department, The [15]
H. A. Curtis19251930 [16]
Commissioner19301933Hydro-Electric Commission. The [17] alongside Associate Commissioners: [18]
* C. B. Davies (1930–1941)
* M. W. Simmons (1930)
* R. L. Parker (1931–1935)
* J. E. Heritage (1935–1947)
* C. E. H. Ferguson (1941–1947)
* W. H. Nicol (1947–1954)
* A. Burn (1951–1959)
W. E. Maclean19401946
Sir Allan Knight19461977 [19]
Russell Ashton19771987
Ron HarveyActing Commissioner19871989
Graeme LongbottomCommissioner19901994
Gary BakerActing Commissioner19951996
Norton Dan Chief Executive Officer 19961998Hydro-Electric Corporation, The [20]
Gary Baker19981999
Geoff Willis19992006Hydro Tasmania
(Hydro-Electric Corporation trading as)
Vince Hawksworth20062010
Roy Adair20102013
Steve Davy20132020
Evangelista AlbertiniChief Executive Officer20202021

Ministers

See also

Related Research Articles

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Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers is a national park in Tasmania, 117 km west of Hobart. It is named after the two main river systems lying within the bounds of the park - the Franklin River and the Gordon River.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lake Pedder</span> Lake in South West Tasmania, Australia

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Franklin Dam controversy</span> Proposed dam in Tasmania, Australia

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lake Gordon</span> Reservoir in Tasmania, Australia

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gordon River</span> River in Tasmania, Australia

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Strathgordon is a rural locality in the local government area (LGA) of Derwent Valley in the South-east LGA region of Tasmania. The locality is about 121 kilometres (75 mi) west of the town of New Norfolk. The 2016 census recorded a population of 15 for the state suburb of Southwest, which includes Strathgordon. It is on the road to the Gordon River dam the most south westerly road in the south west of Tasmania. It is a tourist destination for visitors wishing to visit the Southwest National Park and World Heritage listed wilderness.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">West Coast Range</span> Mountain range in Tasmania, Australia

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Doug Lowe (Australian politician)</span> Australian politician

Douglas Ackley Lowe AM was the 35th Premier of Tasmania, from 1 December 1977 to 11 November 1981. His time as Premier coincided with controversy over a proposal to build a dam on Tasmania's Gordon River, which would have flooded parts of the Franklin River. The ensuing crisis saw Lowe overthrown as Premier and resign from the Labor Party, acting as an independent for the remainder of his political career.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bell Bay Power Station</span> Former power station in Tasmania

The Bell Bay Power Station was a power station located in Bell Bay, on the Tamar River, Tasmania, Australia, adjacent to the Tamar Valley Power Station, with which it was often confused. It was commissioned between 1971 and 1974 as an oil fired thermal power station, and was converted to natural gas in 2003, after the commissioning of the Tasmanian Gas Pipeline, a submarine gas pipeline which transports natural gas from Longford, Victoria, under Bass Strait, to Bell Bay, Tasmania. As the power station's primary role was to provide system security in the event of drought for Tasmania's predominantly hydro-electric based generation system it only was rarely called on to operate, resulting in intervals of five to eight years between periods of significant use. After the commissioning of Basslink in 2006, the power station was decommissioned in 2009.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gordon Power Station</span> Power station in Tasmania, Australia

The Gordon Power Station is the largest conventional hydroelectric power station in Tasmania, Australia; located in the South West region of the state. The power station is situated on Gordon River. Water from Lake Gordon descends 183 metres (600 ft) underground past the Gordon Dam and into the power station.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gordon Dam</span> Dam in South West Tasmania, Australia

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The Edgar Dam is an earthfill embankment saddle dam without a spillway, located offstream in the South West region of Tasmania, Australia.

The Lake Pedder Action Committee was a Tasmanian environmental group.

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Pieman River Power Development was a major 1970s and 1980s hydroelectric development of the Pieman River and its tributaries on the west coast of Tasmania.

Ticklebelly Tales by Heather Felton, was a book published in 2008 about the people who had worked for the Hydro Electric Commission of Tasmania from 1910 to 2006.

Tasmania, as an advanced economy with a globally high standard of living, uses a great deal of energy. Distinctive features of energy use in Tasmania include the high fraction of hydroelectricity usage, the absence of coal-fired electrical generation, relatively light usage of natural gas, particularly for domestic use, and a wide use of domestic wood-burning stoves. Energy production through hydroelectricity has been politically contentious, and conflicts over Tasmanian hydroelectric projects were integral to the formation of Green parties in Australia and across the world.

References

  1. 1 2 "Annual Report 2023" (PDF). Hydro Tasmania. 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
  2. 1 2 "Our power stations". Hydro Tasmania. Retrieved 17 December 2012.
  3. "Lake Pedder Submission 1995". Archived from the original on 15 May 2008.
  4. Pink. Kerry (2001) Through Hells Gates: A History of Strahan and Macquarie Harbour Fifth edition ISBN   0-646-36665-3 pp.71-88 for accounts of the Organisation for Tasmanian Development and others
  5. "Referendums - Tasmania". Parliament.tas.gov.au. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
  6. [ dead link ]
  7. Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Year Book, Issue 87, 1995 p.552
  8. "Australia utility to upgrade hydro system to add 1,000 GWh". Hydroworld.com. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
  9. "Carbon neutral target part of response to climate change | Hydro Tasmania". Hydro.com.au. 1 May 2008. Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
  10. "Hydro Tasmania Annual & Sustainability Report 2009 | Our Performance". Hydro.com.au. 30 June 2009. Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
  11. Mazengarb, Michael (27 November 2020). "Tasmania declares itself 100 per cent powered by renewable electricity". RenewEconomy.
  12. "Lake Gordon able to generate power despite record low levels says Hydro Tasmania". Australian Broadcasting Corporation . 24 March 2016.
  13. Richards, Blair (29 December 2015). "The Mercury". themercury.com.au. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
  14. Blucher, Alex (13 February 2016). "More generators ordered after delays confirmed on Basslink undersea cable repair". ABC News. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
  15. Linge, G. J. R. (1979). "Butters, Sir John Henry (1885–1969)". Australian Dictionary of Biography . Vol. 7. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISSN   1833-7538 . Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  16. Gilbert, H. de V. (2005). "Curtis, Harry Arthur (1882–1933)". Australian Dictionary of Biography . Vol. Suppl. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISSN   1833-7538 . Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  17. Lupton, Roger (2005). "Maclean, William Eustace (1884–1964)". Australian Dictionary of Biography . Vol. Suppl. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISSN   1833-7538 . Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  18. Garvie. (1962). A million horses
  19. Shepherd, Robert. "Allan Knight (1910–1998)", p.202 of The Companion to Tasmanian History .
  20. Fenton, Heather (2008). Ticklebelly tales and other stories from the people of the Hydro (hbk.). Hobart: Hydro Tasmania. pp. 481–482. ISBN   978-0-646-47724-4.

Further reading

Hydro Tasmania publications

Other publications