List of conflicts in Egypt

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An orthographic projection map detailing the present-day location and territorial extent of Egypt in Northern and Eastern Africa; as well as, Western Asia. EGY orthographic.svg
An orthographic projection map detailing the present-day location and territorial extent of Egypt in Northern and Eastern Africa; as well as, Western Asia.

This is a list of conflicts in Egypt arranged chronologically from ancient to modern times. This list includes any raid, strike, skirmish, siege, sacking, and/or battle (land, naval, and air) that occurred on the territories of what may today be referred to as "Arab Republic of Egypt"; however, in which the conflict itself may have only been part of an operation of a campaign in a theater of a greater war (e.g. any and/or all border, undeclared, colonial, proxy, liberation, global wars, etc.). There may also be periods of violent, civil unrest listed; such as, shootouts, spree killings, massacres, terrorist attacks, coups, assassinations, regicides, riots, rebellions, revolutions, and civil wars (as well as wars of succession and/or independence). The list might also contain episodes of human sacrifice, mass suicide, and ethnic cleansing/genocide.

Contents

Prehistoric times

Prehistoric Egypt

Ancient times

Early Dynastic Period of Egypt

Map showing Lower Egypt with historical nome divisions numbered (Lower Egypt is north of Cairo, downriver along the Nile River's drainage divide.) Memphis, the capital city of the nome Inebu-hedj in Lower Egypt is labeled here with a star. c. 3100 BCE. Lower Egypt Nomes 01.png
Map showing Lower Egypt with historical nome divisions numbered (Lower Egypt is north of Cairo, downriver along the Nile River's drainage divide.) Memphis, the capital city of the nome Inebu-hedj in Lower Egypt is labeled here with a star. c. 3100 BCE.
Map showing Upper Egypt with historical nome divisions numbered (Upper Egypt is south of Cairo, upriver along the Nile River's drainage divide all the way up to the first cataract after Aswan.) Thebes, the capital city of the nome Waset in Upper Egypt is labeled here with a star. c. 3100 BCE. Upper Egypt Nomes.png
Map showing Upper Egypt with historical nome divisions numbered (Upper Egypt is south of Cairo, upriver along the Nile River's drainage divide all the way up to the first cataract after Aswan.) Thebes, the capital city of the nome Waset in Upper Egypt is labeled here with a star. c. 3100 BCE.

Old Kingdom of Egypt

First Intermediate Period of Egypt

Middle Kingdom of Egypt

Second Intermediate Period of Egypt

New Kingdom of Egypt

Map of the ancient near east showing the extent of the Egyptian Empire c. 1450 BCE. Egypt 1450 BC.svg
Map of the ancient near east showing the extent of the Egyptian Empire c. 1450 BCE.

Third Intermediate Period of Egypt

Late Period of Egypt

Map based on the description by Herodotus showing the possible paths taken by the forces of: the Persian Emperor Cambyses II of the Persian Empire's army (labeled with a black line) and the Egyptian Pharaoh Amasis II of the twenty-sixth dynasty of Egypt's eunuchs (labeled with a red line), sent after the Greek Phanes of Halicarnassus (path labeled with a blue line.) The territory of the Persian Empire is in green. Memphis (labeled with a red diamond) had been captured after the Battle of Pelusium (labeled with a red star) in 525 BCE, having followed the Capture of Babylon in 539 BCE. The itinerary paths depicted are supposed and by no means certain. MarchofCamybsesII.png
Map based on the description by Herodotus showing the possible paths taken by the forces of: the Persian Emperor Cambyses II of the Persian Empire's army (labeled with a black line) and the Egyptian Pharaoh Amasis II of the twenty-sixth dynasty of Egypt's eunuchs (labeled with a red line), sent after the Greek Phanes of Halicarnassus (path labeled with a blue line.) The territory of the Persian Empire is in green. Memphis (labeled with a red diamond) had been captured after the Battle of Pelusium (labeled with a red star) in 525 BCE, having followed the Capture of Babylon in 539 BCE. The itinerary paths depicted are supposed and by no means certain.

Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt

Roman Province of Egypt

Animated map showing the expansion of Rome from the time it was the Roman Kingdom in 500 BCE all through its transition into the Roman Republic, then the Roman Empire, then Western Roman Empire, and finally its fall as the Eastern Roman Empire in 1461 CE. Roman Empire map-2.gif
Animated map showing the expansion of Rome from the time it was the Roman Kingdom in 500 BCE all through its transition into the Roman Republic, then the Roman Empire, then Western Roman Empire, and finally its fall as the Eastern Roman Empire in 1461 CE.

Medieval period

Byzantine Diocese of Egypt

Sassanid Empire

Rashidun Caliphate

Map detailing both Umar's (dashed blue line) and Zubayr's (dotted blue line) routes during the Muslim conquest of Egypt (639 CE - 642 CE.) The Rashidun Caliphate in green and the Eastern Roman Empire in red. Mohammad adil-Muslim conquest of Egypt.PNG
Map detailing both Umar's (dashed blue line) and Zubayr's (dotted blue line) routes during the Muslim conquest of Egypt (639 CE – 642 CE.) The Rashidun Caliphate in green and the Eastern Roman Empire in red.

Umayyad Caliphate

Abbasid Caliphate

Tulunid dynasty of Egypt

Ayyubid dynasty of Egypt

Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt

Modern Times

Eyalet of Egypt

Map detailing the expansion of Egypt during the Muhammad Ali dynasty from the reign of Muhammad Ali of Egypt (17 May 1805 CE - 2 March 1848 CE) up until 1914 CE. Egypt under Muhammad Ali Dynasty map en.svg
Map detailing the expansion of Egypt during the Muhammad Ali dynasty from the reign of Muhammad Ali of Egypt (17 May 1805 CE – 2 March 1848 CE) up until 1914 CE.

Khedivate of Egypt

Sultanate of Egypt

Kingdom of Egypt

Republic of Egypt

United Arab Republic

Arab Republic of Egypt

See also

Related Research Articles

The history of Egypt has been long and wealthy, due to the flow of the Nile River with its fertile banks and delta, as well as the accomplishments of Egypt's native inhabitants and outside influence. Much of Egypt's ancient history was a mystery until Egyptian hieroglyphs were deciphered with the discovery and deciphering of the Rosetta Stone. Among the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World is the Great Pyramid of Giza.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thebes, Egypt</span> Ancient Egyptian city

Thebes, known to the ancient Egyptians as Waset, was an ancient Egyptian city located along the Nile about 800 kilometers (500 mi) south of the Mediterranean. Its ruins lie within the modern Egyptian city of Luxor. Thebes was the main city of the fourth Upper Egyptian nome and was the capital of Egypt for long periods during the Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom eras. It was close to Nubia and the Eastern Desert, with its valuable mineral resources and trade routes. It was a religious center and the most venerated city during many periods of ancient Egyptian history. The site of Thebes includes areas on both the eastern bank of the Nile, where the temples of Karnak and Luxor stand and where the city was situated; and the western bank, where a necropolis of large private and royal cemeteries and funerary complexes can be found. In 1979, the ruins of ancient Thebes were classified by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hyksos</span> Asiatic invaders of Egypt, established 15th dynasty

Hyksos is a term which, in modern Egyptology, designates the kings of the Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt. The seat of power of these kings was the city of Avaris in the Nile Delta, from where they ruled over Lower Egypt and Middle Egypt up to Cusae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Index of Egypt-related articles</span>

Articles related to Egypt include:

The history of ancient Egypt spans the period from the early prehistoric settlements of the northern Nile valley to the Roman conquest of Egypt in 30 BC. The pharaonic period, the period in which Egypt was ruled by a pharaoh, is dated from the 32nd century BC, when Upper and Lower Egypt were unified, until the country fell under Macedonian rule in 332 BC.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Psamtik I</span> Pharaoh

Wahibre Psamtik I was the first pharaoh of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt, the Saite period, ruling from the city of Sais in the Nile delta between 664–610 BC. He was installed by Ashurbanipal of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, against the Kushite rulers of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty, but later gained more autonomy as the Assyrian Empire declined.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kamose</span> Final Pharaoh of Theban seventeenth dynasty of Egypt

Kamose was the last Pharaoh of the Theban Seventeenth Dynasty. He was possibly the son of Seqenenre Tao and Ahhotep I and the brother of Ahmose I, founder of the Eighteenth Dynasty. His reign fell at the very end of the Second Intermediate Period. Kamose is usually ascribed a reign of three years, although some scholars now favor giving him a longer reign of approximately five years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Late Period of ancient Egypt</span> Period in ancient Egyptian history (c. 664 BCE–332 BCE)

The Late Period of ancient Egypt refers to the last flowering of native Egyptian rulers after the Third Intermediate Period in the 26th Saite Dynasty founded by Psamtik I, but includes the time of Achaemenid Persian rule over Egypt after the conquest by Cambyses II in 525 BC as well. The Late Period existed from 664 BC until 332 BC, following a period of foreign rule by the Nubian 25th Dynasty and beginning with a short period of Neo-Assyrian suzerainty, with Psamtik I initially ruling as their vassal. The period ended with the conquests of the Persian Empire by Alexander the Great and establishment of the Ptolemaic dynasty by his general Ptolemy I Soter, one of the Hellenistic diadochi from Macedon in northern Greece. With the Macedonian Greek conquest in the latter half of the 4th century BC, the age of Hellenistic Egypt began.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Seqenenre Tao</span> Pharaoh from the Seventeenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt

Seqenenre Tao ruled over the last of the local kingdoms of the Theban region of Egypt in the Seventeenth Dynasty during the Second Intermediate Period. He probably was the son and successor to Senakhtenre Ahmose and Queen Tetisheri. The dates of his reign are uncertain, but he may have risen to power in the decade ending in 1560 BC or in 1558 BC. With his queen, Ahhotep I, Seqenenre Tao fathered two pharaohs, Kamose, his immediate successor who was the last pharaoh of the Seventeenth Dynasty, and Ahmose I who, following a regency by his mother, was the first pharaoh of the Eighteenth. Seqenenre Tao is credited with starting the opening moves in a war of revanchism against Hyksos incursions into Egypt, which saw the country completely liberated during the reign of his son Ahmose I.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt</span> Third Dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian Second Intermediate Period

The Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt was a dynasty of pharaohs that ruled in Upper Egypt during the late Second Intermediate Period, approximately from 1580 to 1550 BC. Its mainly Theban rulers are contemporary with the Hyksos of the Fifteenth Dynasty and succeed the Sixteenth Dynasty, which was also based in Thebes.

Articles related to Modern Egypt include:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Pelusium</span> 525 BC battle between Egypt and Achaemenid Empire

The Battle of Pelusium was the first major battle between the Achaemenid Empire and Egypt. This decisive battle transferred the throne of the Pharaohs to Cambyses II of Persia, marking the beginning of the Achaemenid Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt. It was fought in 525 BC near Pelusium, an important city in the eastern extremes of Egypt's Nile Delta, 30 km to the south-east of the modern Port Said. The battle was preceded and followed by sieges at Gaza and Memphis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Outline of ancient Egypt</span> Overview of and topical guide to ancient Egypt

The following outline is provided as an overview of a topical guide to ancient Egypt:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt</span> 343–332 BC Achaemenid province (satrapy)

The Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt, also known as the Second Egyptian Satrapy, was effectively a satrapy of the Achaemenid Persian Empire between 343 BC to 332 BC. It was founded by Artaxerxes III, the King of Persia, after his reconquest of Egypt and subsequent crowning as Pharaoh of Egypt, and was disestablished upon the conquest of Egypt by Alexander the Great.

The Exodus is the founding myth of the Israelites. The scholarly consensus is that the Exodus, as described in the Torah, is not historical, even though there may be a historical core behind the Biblical narrative.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Assyrian conquest of Egypt</span> 673–663 BCE military campaign

The Assyrian conquest of Egypt covered a relatively short period of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 673 to 663 BCE. The conquest of Egypt not only placed a land of great cultural prestige under Assyrian rule but also brought the Neo-Assyrian Empire to its greatest extent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">First Achaemenid conquest of Egypt</span> Conquest of Egypt by the Persian Achaemenid Empire (525 BCE)

The first Achaemenid conquest of Egypt took place in 525 BCE, leading to the foundation of the Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt, also known as the "First Egyptian Satrapy". Egypt thus became a province (satrapy) of the Achaemenid Persian Empire until 404 BCE while still maintaining Egyptian royalty customs and positions. The conquest was led by Cambyses II, the King of Persia, who defeated the Egyptians at the Battle of Pelusium, and crowned himself as Pharaoh of Egypt. Achaemenid rule was disestablished upon the rebellion and crowning of Amyrtaeus as Pharaoh. A second period of Achaemenid rule in Egypt occurred under the Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt.

References

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