Tourism in South Korea

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The Deoksugung palace in Seoul, a popular visitor attraction Deoksugung-02.jpg
The Deoksugung palace in Seoul, a popular visitor attraction
Gwangan Bridge in Busan Gwangan Bridge1.jpg
Gwangan Bridge in Busan
Hyangwonjeong Pavilion in Seoul, a hexagonal wooden pavilion gaeuloseul ibeun hyangweonjeong.jpg
Hyangwonjeong Pavilion in Seoul, a hexagonal wooden pavilion

Tourism in South Korea and its industry caters to both foreign and domestic tourists. In 2019, 17.5 million foreign tourists visited South Korea, making it the 20th most visited country in the world. [1] [2] [3] Most non-Korean tourists come from other parts of East Asia such as Japan, mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. The recent popularity of Korean popular culture, often known as the "Korean Wave", in these countries has increased tourist arrivals. [4]

Contents

South Korea has 16 World Heritage Sites, including Changdeokgung PalaceNamhansanseong and Hwaseong Fortress. [5] Seoul is the principal tourist destination for visitors; popular tourist destinations outside of Seoul include the major coastal city of Busan, the Seorak-san national park, the historic city of Gyeongju and subtropical Jeju Island. [6]

History

In the past, South Koreans were not likely to travel overseas, due to the Korean War and subsequent economic difficulties, as well as government restrictions on overseas travel, with passports issued only for a narrow range of reasons, such as traveling abroad on government businesses, for technical training, and so on. Since the 1960s, overseas travel restrictions and regulations have been continuously reviewed to prevent foreign currency waste from traveling abroad. However, during the 1980s, the liberalization of international travel has begun to take place in catering to the globalization of the South Korea society. Since then, South Koreans have been able to travel freely abroad. [7]

The busy lifestyle of modern South Koreans, leading to difficulties in mediating vacations with family or friends, and the increase in one-person households, have contributed to the growing number of South Koreans traveling alone. Therefore, the popularity of destinations close to South Korea, where South Koreans can go for short vacations alone, are increasing. According to the results of a plane ticket analysis in 2016, the top foreign destination for South Koreans is Osaka, followed by Bangkok and Tokyo. Moreover, Osaka, Tokyo, and Shanghai have high re-visit rates for South Koreans. However European destinations such as London, Paris, and Rome have fallen in re-visit rating, due to geographical distances, expensive air fares and high costs. [8]

International tourists typically enter the country through Incheon International Airport, near Seoul, which was found to be the world's best airport in 2006. [9] Also international airports in Busan and Jeju are frequently used.

Korean tourism industry

The majority of the South Korean tourist industry is supported by domestic tourism. Thanks to the country's extensive network of trains and buses, most of the country lies within a day's round trip of any major city. International tourists come primarily from nearby countries or regions in Asia. Japan, mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan together account for roughly 75% of the total number of international tourists. [10] In addition, the Korean Wave has brought increasing numbers of tourists from Southeast Asia and India. The Korea Tourism Organization (KTO) is targeting 100,000 arrivals from India in 2013. [11]

Travel destinations of Korean tourists

The number of Korean domestic tourists has increased since 2010. The number of people who participated in domestic travel (which includes one-day trips) was about 238.3 million (in 2015). It increased by 4.9% compared to 2014 (227.1 million). [12] In 2014, Korean's domestic tourism expenditure was ₩14.4 trillion. [13]

Also, Korean oversea tourists keep increasing since 2010. From 2012 to 2014, the number of people travelling overseas has risen by about 8.2% on average. In 2014, number of Korean oversea tourists was about 16.1 million. And Korean oversea tourism expenditure was $19,469.9 million. [14]

Statistics

In 2013, travel and tourism (domestic and international) directly contributed KRW26.7 trillion to South Korean GDP and directly supported 617,500 jobs in the country. [15]

In 2018, travel and tourism based on international expenditure directly contributed KRW 16.7 trillion to the South Korean GDP and directly supported 1.4 million jobs, this represented 5.3% of the total employment in the country (OECD).

In 2019, the contribution of travel and tourism to the Korean GDP was up 4.2% of the total economy (KRW 81.4 billion). Which accounted for 4.8% of total employment (1.3%). The impact of international visitors accounted for KRW 26.5 billion (World Travel and Tourism Council). [16]

Spending habits include Leisure spending 82% vs. Business spending 18% Domestic spending 55% vs. International spending 45%

According to the numbers in the graph, leisure spending is 64% higher than business spending while domestic spending is only 10% higher than international spending. [17]

Arrivals

Visitors arriving to South Korea for tourism by nationality: [18]

Country3/2024202320222021202020192018
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 1,015,1012,019,424227,358170,215686,4306,023,0214,789,512
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 665,8932,316,429296,86715,265430,7423,271,7062,948,527
Flag of the Republic of China.svg  Taiwan 305,871960,60772,9254,130166,7161,260,4931,115,333
Flag of the United States.svg  United States 244,3161,086,415543,648204,025220,4171,044,038967,992
Flag of Hong Kong.svg  Hong Kong 110,448403,98461,1951,25888,878694,934683,818
Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam 109,792420,688185,06122,94681,939553,731457,818
Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines 107,656342,819199,845116,233115,696503,867460,168
Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand 76,381379,442179,2598,31976,568571,610558,912
Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia 71,723259,87270,4494,48848,550408,590382,929
Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore 68,167347,814165,2727,52518,009246,142231,897
Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia 64,845250,249106,75046,56366,762278,575249,067
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 51,094198,60465,5023,50323,172173,218153,133
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 50,141201,84993,06429,79534,734196,153194,259
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 38,775158,77560,01932,89773,086343,057302,542
Flag of India.svg  India 35,732122,77164,82931,33833,830143,367119,791
Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia 33,107135,21662,6705,76921,476113,599113,864
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 32,265132,72065,10720,03822,254120,730115,789
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 29,648121,37644,8068,97420,419143,676130,977
Flag of France.svg  France 26,891133,40662,61915,70019,371110,794100,096
Flag of Myanmar.svg  Myanmar 16,44556,71765,95756,72843,40673,72271,094
Flag of Uzbekistan.svg  Uzbekistan 15,94652,48036,19513,67415,77388,27682,984
Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan 13,16946,87430,2737,21210,24052,96652,859
Flag of Cambodia.svg  Cambodia 11,67240,93524,9015,41410,72541,73433,395
Flag of Nepal.svg    Nepal 11,13137,34427,1682,4576,43026,31325,926
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 10,67447,63118,1384,0916,45552,89446,546
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 9,24239,95615,7221,6606,59838,95434,205
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 9,00349,22525,65113,43412,52139,13837,134
Flag of Macau.svg  Macau 8,68127,528440365,90552,46252,831
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 8,20734,50814,3672,7193,64930,65627,314
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey 7,59131,74818,0515,3236,56031,29329,558
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 7,07729,19211,7324,1145,56323,91321,971
Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka 7,04921,40415,4374,0575,07018,33817,901
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil 6,53322,8548,6091,6833,95423,78819,745
Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh 5,98319,88815,2742,9464,53017,95216,151
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 5,61322,1418,6763,4725,72630,48125,192
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine 5,38715,97613,30514,20611,56827,66725,608
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland 4,64320,2178,0691,4961,88417,84718,103
Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan 4,06612,1979,5112,5643,60313,72114,188
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 3,86018,9747,4551,5252,18819,70919,503
Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa 3,79312,6465,5161,1953,14313,14411,795
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria 3,25313,0536,5561,9202,39712,57012,635
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 3,18116,8787,7282,1482,49714,53912,499
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania 3,17411,7855,8723,2953,20012,78111,372
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland 3,10312,6685,5112,8613,03313,91214,372
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark 3,07313,5646,1381,3962,05913,45312,044
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia 2,94817,3498,4911,0981,71614,15811,553
Flag of Ethiopia.svg  Ethiopia 2,6778,2094,8953,6863,0047,1074,280
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 2,67310,6904,5749211,50711,77013,615
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic 2,4678,8083,1187262,53611,52710,759
Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal 2,4519,5363,82714001,85611,42510,794
Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland 2,4389,2443,9628751,63110,2118,723
Flag of Greece.svg  Greece 2,2707,8395,5863,3173,0389,7569,290
Flag of Kyrgyzstan (2023).svg  Kyrgyzstan 2,2628,4045,3882,1151,4397,6597,305
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 1,91313,4256,2661,0391,44517,10215,328
Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia 1,6926,6432,6545709757,3845,876
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary 1,6857,4133,3569981,1546,1784,754
Flag of Chile.svg  Chile 1,5546,0501,9442541,0355,9445,149
Flag of Brunei.svg  Brunei 1,5156,7001,4471127236,7954,876
Flag of Tajikistan.svg  Tajikistan 1,4675,8463,6191,4058284,4892,863
Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt 1,2955,6433,7731,9071,5075,8337,630
Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates 1,2947,4024,7361,4291,46013,22611,427
Total2,402,87311,031,6653,198,017967,0032,519,11817,502,75615,346,879
YearNumber of international visitor
arriving in S. Korea
 % change from
previous year
20034,752,762-11.1
20045,818,138+22.4
20056,022,752+3.5
20066,155,046+2.2
20076,448,240+4.8
20086,890,841+6.9
20097,817,533+13.4
20108,797,658+12.5
20119,794,796+11.3
201211,140,028+13.7
201312,175,550+9.3
201414,201,516+16.6
201513,231,651-6.8
201617,241,823+30.3
201713,335,758-22.7
201815,346,879+15.1
201917,502,756+14.0

China

Chinese tourists to South Korea and year-on-year rate. From March 2017, tourists plummeted in retaliation for the installation of THAAD. Chinese tourist to South Korea.svg
Chinese tourists to South Korea and year-on-year rate. From March 2017, tourists plummeted in retaliation for the installation of THAAD.

China has been South Korea's largest tourism source for years. In 2016, visitors from China made up 46.8% of tourists in South Korea. However China imposed the group tour ban after the US military started to deploy the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) system in South Korea. From April 2017, Chinese tourists plummeted by more than 60% compared to the previous year. [19] [20] In recent years, the South Korean tourism industry has made it a long term goal to reduce dependency on Chinese tourists. [21]

Japan

Japan-South Korea tourist comparison from 2005 Japan-South Korea tourist comparison.svg
Japan–South Korea tourist comparison from 2005

Since Lee Myung-bak's visit to the Liancourt Rocks and his demand for an apology from the Emperor of Japan over Japanese colonialism in Korea in 2012, the Japanese public's image of South Korea deteriorated significantly. Japanese tourists to South Korea declined by half from 3.5 million in 2012 to 1.8 million in 2015, while South Korean tourists to Japan doubled from 2 million in 2012 to 4 million in 2015. [22] [23] [24]

Domestic tourist

Ntty2015.png
YearNumber of domestic tourist per year [25] [26] [27]
201538,307,303
201438,027,454
201337,800,004
201236,914,067
201135,013,090
201030,916,690
200931,201,294

Destination in Korea

NTTD 2015.png
Number of Tourist by Travel Destination 2015 [26]
Administrative divisionsNumber of tourist
Seoul12,451,891
Busan7,158,553
Daegu3,163,161
Incheon4,407,063
Gwangju2,135,332
Daejeon2,984,929
Ulsan1,632,410
Sejong333,329
Gyeonggi Province15,451,755
Gangwon Province11,559,005
North Chungcheong Province5,141,110
South Chungcheong Province9,944,616
North Jeolla Province6,760,830
South Jeolla Province8,063,538
North Gyeongsang Province8,822,201
South Gyeongsang Province8,479,567
Jeju Special Self-governing Province4,732,494

Departure

Number of overseas trip tourist.png
YearNumber of overseas trip tourist [26]
201519,310,430
201416,080,684
201314,846,485
201213,736,976
201112,693,733
201012,488,364
20099,494,111
NKEPD2015.png
Number of Korean exit passenger by top destinations 2018 [28]
DestinationNumber of Korean exit passenger
Asia mainland China 4,775,000
Japan 7,140,200
Thailand 1,372,994
Philippines 1,587,959
Hong Kong 1,421,411
Vietnam 3,485,406
Taiwan 1,019,441
Singapore 629,451
Macao 662,321
America United States 2,324,707

Tourist attractions

South Korea's historical tourist attractions include the ancient capitals of Seoul, Gyeongju and Buyeo.

Some natural landmarks include the peaks of the Baekdudaegan, particularly Seorak-san and Jiri-san, the caves of Danyang and Hwanseongul, and beaches such as Haeundae and Mallipo.

Apart from Jeju island, there are many smaller islands. Excursion ferries are quite common along the south and west coasts and also to Ulleung-do Island, off the east coast. Limited tourism mainly by South Koreans to the Liancourt Rocks (Dokdo) has grown in recent years as a result of the political status of the rocks.

Many local districts hold annual festivals, such as the Boryeong Mud Festival and the Cheongdo Bullfighting Festival.

Major tourist destinations

Seoul

Gyeongbokgung Palace in Seoul Gyeongbokgung Gyeonghoeru.jpg
Gyeongbokgung Palace in Seoul
Bukchon Hanok Village in Seoul Korea-Seoul-Bukchon-01.jpg
Bukchon Hanok Village in Seoul

Seoul is an attractive place because traditional Korean culture and modern culture co-exists, to foreigners.

The population of Seoul is 9,981,673 and it's the largest city in South Korea. As many people gather, there are many cultural spaces such as festivals, performances, shopping places, and tourist attractions in Seoul.

In addition, people in South Korea come to Seoul to enjoy various cultural activities. [29] Due to the metropolitan area centralization of the cultural infrastructure, there is a cultural gap between Seoul and other regions. [30] According to the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, 36.4 percent of the total cultural infrastructure such as public library, museum, and art galleries are concentrated in Seoul. Therefore, many people in South Korea travel to Seoul.

Busan

Haeundae Beach in Busan Haeundae Beach NightView.jpg
Haeundae Beach in Busan
Haedong Yonggungsa Haedong Yonggungsa, Busan.jpg
Haedong Yonggungsa

Busan is the second largest city in South Korea. It is located in the southeastern coast in Korea, so Busan has abundant tourist attractions such as beach and hot spring. People in South Korea visit beaches in Busan in hot summer. Also, there are various festivals in Busan. 11 festivals are held annually, including local festivals and art events. Busan sea festival is held every August and Busan International Film Festival is held every October. Jagalchi Cultural Festival is developed into a representative cultural tourism festival in Korea. Because of these various festivals and places, many people travel to Busan. Also, the influence of Social Network Service made Busan a popular tourist attraction. The official Facebook of the Busan Culture and Tourism Ministry and official blog sites promote the tourist attractions in Busan.

Daegu

Daegu Metro Line 3 Daegu Metro Line 3.jpg
Daegu Metro Line 3

Incheon

Songdo in Incheon Songdo Central Park and Posco Tower Songdo.jpg
Songdo in Incheon
Incheon International Airport Incheon Airport Train Terminal, Korea (cropped).jpg
Incheon International Airport

Gwangju

Daejeon

Uam Historic Park Korea-Daejeon-Uam Historic Park-01.jpg
Uam Historic Park
  • Hanbat Arboretum
  • Yuseong Hot Springs
  • Expo Park
  • Daejeon Museum of Art

Gyeonggi Province

Hwaseong Fortress in Suwon Bifyu 8.jpg
Hwaseong Fortress in Suwon

Gangwon Province

Seoraksan in Gangwon Province Dinosaur Ridge of Seoraksan.jpg
Seoraksan in Gangwon Province
Gyeongpo Lake in Gangneung Gyeongpo Lake Cherry Blossoms.JPG
Gyeongpo Lake in Gangneung
Sokcho Daepo Port, Sokcho 01.jpg
Sokcho

Byeolmaro Observatory, Donggang Photo Museum, Bongraesan Mountain. Hanbando terrain in Soyanggang River

  • Taebaek — Taebaek Mountain, Manggyeongsa Temple, Taebaek Mountains Literature Park, Hwangji Pond
  • Cheolwon — Cheorwon Peace Observatory, Memorial Tower of the Baekma Goji (Korean War)
  • Hoengseong — Seong Sammum's Tomb, Noeundan, Baekyasa
  • Inje
  • Yanggu
  • Hwacheon

North Chungcheong Province

Beopjusa Temple in Boeun Korea-Boeun-Beopjusa Palsangjeon and Bell Pavilion 1765-06.JPG
Beopjusa Temple in Boeun

South Chungcheong Province

North Jeolla Province

Hanok Village in Jeonju jeonjuhanogmaeul jeongyeong.JPG
Hanok Village in Jeonju
Mireuksa Temple Site in Iksan Mireuksa, Iksan 2015.jpg
Mireuksa Temple Site in Iksan
Nagan Eupseong Folk Village in Suncheon Nagan castle.jpg
Nagan Eupseong Folk Village in Suncheon

South Jeolla Province

North Gyeongsang Province

Bulguksa Temple in Gyeongju Bulguksa.jpg
Bulguksa Temple in Gyeongju
Seokguram in Gyeongju Seokguram Buddha.JPG
Seokguram in Gyeongju

South Gyeongsang Province

Jeju Special Self-governing Province

Mount Halla in Jeju Island Halla01.JPG
Mount Halla in Jeju Island
Cheonjiyeon Waterfall in Jeju Island Waterfall on Jeju Island, Korea.jpg
Cheonjiyeon Waterfall in Jeju Island

Events

South Korea has hosted many international events, including the 1988 Summer Olympics, the 1993 Taejon Expo, the 2002 FIFA World Cup (jointly hosted with Japan), the 2005 APEC conference, the 2010 G-20 Seoul summit, the 2014 Asian Games, and the 2018 Winter Olympics.

See also

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Further reading