The Indian rupee is the official currency in the republic of India. The rupee is subdivided into 100 paise, though as of 2023, coins of denomination of 1 rupee are the lowest value in use whereas 2000 rupees is the highest. The issuance of the currency is controlled by the Reserve Bank of India. The Reserve Bank manages currency in India and derives its role in currency management on the basis of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934.
BSE Limited, also known as the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), is an Indian stock exchange. It is located on Dalal Street in Mumbai. Established in 1875 by cotton merchant Premchand Roychand, a Jain businessman, it is the oldest stock exchange in Asia, and also the tenth oldest in the world. The BSE is the 6th largest stock exchange with an overall market capitalisation in the world with more than ₹276.713 Lakh Crore or $3.56 Trillion USD, as of January 2022.
National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE) is one of the leading stock exchanges in India, based in Mumbai. It is the world’s largest derivatives exchange by number of contracts traded and the fourth largest in cash equities by number of trades for the calendar year 2021. NSE is under the ownership of some leading financial institutions, banks, and insurance companies. NSE was established in 1992 as the first dematerialized electronic exchange in the country. NSE was the first exchange in the country to provide a modern, fully automated screen-based electronic trading system that offered easy trading facilities to investors spread across the length and breadth of the country. Ashishkumar Chauhan is the Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of NSE.
Indian Overseas Bank (IOB) is an Indian public sector bank based in Chennai. It has about 3,214 domestic branches, about 4 foreign branches and representative office. Founded in February 1937 by M. Ct. M. Chidambaram Chettyar with twin objectives of specialising in foreign exchange business and overseas banking, it has created various milestones in Indian Banking Sector. During the nationalisation, IOB was one of the 14 major banks taken over by the government of India. On 5 December 2021, IOB got Degidhan Award 2020–21 by Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology for achieving second highest percentage of digital payment transaction among public sector banks. As on 31 March 2022, IOB's total business stands at ₹417,960 crore (US$52 billion).
The Madras Stock Exchange (MSE) was a stock exchange in Chennai, India. The now defunct MSE was the fourth stock exchange to be established in the country and the first in South India. It had a turnover (2001) of ₹ 3,090 crore, but was a fraction of the turnover generated by the Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange of India. The turnover of the stock exchange was 19,907 Crore as of the financial year 2012.
The history of the rupee traces back to ancient Indian subcontinent. The mention of rūpya by Pāṇini is seemingly the earliest reference in a text about coins. The term in Indian subcontinent was used for referring to a coin.
The IDBI Bank Limited is a development finance institution under the ownership of Life Insurance Corporation of India and Government of India. It was established in 1964 as Industrial Development Bank of India, a development finance institution, which provided financial services to industrial sector. In 2005, the institution was merged with its commercial division, IDBI Bank, forming the present-day banking entity and was categorised as "other development finance institution" category. Later in March 2019, Government of India asked Life Insurance Corporation to infuse capital in the bank due to high NPA and capital adequacy issues and also asked LIC to manage the bank to meet the regulatory norms. IDBI was put under Prompt corrective action of the RBI and on 10th March 2021 IDBI came out of the PCA. At present direct and indirect shareholding of Government of India in IDBI Bank is approximately 95%, which Government of India (GoI) vide its communication F.No. 8/2/2019-BO-II dated December 17, 2019, has clarified and directed all Central/State Government departments to consider IDBI Bank for allocation of Government Business. Many national institutes find their roots in IDBI like SIDBI, EXIM, National Stock Exchange of India, SEBI, National Securities Depository Limited.
Inter-connected Stock Exchange Ltd. (ISE) is an Indian national-level stock exchange. under the ownership of Ministry of Finance, Government of India. It is responsible for providing trading, clearing, settlement, risk management and surveillance support to its trading members. It started its operation in 1998 in Vashi, Mumbai, and has 841 trading members, who are located in 18 cities. These intermediaries are administratively supported through the regional offices at Delhi, Kolkata, Patna, Ahmedabad, Coimbatore and Nagpur, besides Mumbai.
Bangalore Stock Exchange (BgSE), was a public stock exchange based in Bangalore, India fully owned by Government of India. It was founded in 1963 and had 595 regional and non-regional companies listed. In September 2005, the BgSE announced plans to go public by divesting at least 51% of its ownership. The stock exchange was managed by a Council of Management, consisting of members appointed by the Securities and Exchange Board of India. It was the first stock exchange in South India to start electronic trading of securities in 1996.
Cochin Stock Exchange was an Indian stock exchange in Kochi, Kerala fully owned by Government of India. It was incorporated in 1978. At its peak, it had almost 500 Indian companies listed, and with a daily turnover of ₹70–₹100 crore, it was the fourth largest exchange in India.
The Ahmedabad Stock Exchange (ASE) is the second oldest exchange of India located in the city of Ahmedabad in the Western part of the country and is fully owned by Government of India. It is recognised by Securities Contract (Regulations) Act, 1956 as permanent stock exchange. Its logo consists of the Swastika which is one of the most auspicious symbols of Hinduism depicting wealth and prosperity.
The Kazakhstan Stock Exchange is a stock exchange located in Almaty, Kazakhstan. The exchange was founded in 1993.
Tamilnad Mercantile Bank Limited (TMB) is a bank headquartered at Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India. TMB was founded in 1921 as the Nadar Bank, but changed its name to Tamilnad Mercantile Bank in November 1962 to widen its appeal beyond the Nadar community. For the financial year 2018–2019, the bank reported a net profit of ₹ 2585 million. The bank currently has 509 full branches throughout India, 12 Regional offices and two link offices, two central processing centres, one Service Branch, four Currency Chests, 48 eLobby centres, 262 Cash Recycler Machines and 1151 Automated Teller Machines (ATM). The bank has been expanding its footprint all over India.
The Nepal Rastra Bank was established April 26, 1956 A.D. under the Nepal Rastra Bank Act, 1955, to discharge the central banking responsibilities including guiding the development of the embryonic domestic financial sector. As of now, the NRB is functioning under the new Nepal Rastra Bank Act, 2002. functions of NRB are to formulate required monetary and foreign exchange policies so as to maintain the stability in market prices, to issue currency notes, to regulate and supervise the banking and financial sector, to develop efficient payment and banking systems among others. The NRB is also the economic advisor to the government of Nepal. As the central bank of Nepal, it is the monetary, supervisory and regulatory body of all the commercial banks. development banks, finance companies and micro-finances institutions. The central office is located in Baluwatar, Kathmandu and it has eight provincial offices, located at Biratnagar, Janakpur, Birgunj, Pokhara, Siddharthanagar, Nepalgunj, Surkhet and Dhangadhi.
Indian Depository Receipt (IDR) is a financial instrument denominated in Indian Rupees in the form of a depository receipt. The IDR is a specific Indian version of the similar global depository receipts.
Ashishkumar Chauhan is an Indian business executive, administrator and current Chancellor of University of Allahabad. In July 2022, Chauhan is managing director and chief executive officer of National Stock Exchange (NSE). He was the managing director and chief executive officer of the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). and his term will complete in November 2022. He also serves as the member of Governing council of one of the premier B school in India - IIM Raipur. Ashish is best known as the father of modern financial derivatives in India, and is considered one of the foremost experts in financial market policies, Information technology, organized retail, telecommunications and Indian social issues.
Religare Enterprises Limited (REL) is an Indian Investment company registered with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), headquartered in New Delhi, India. REL is listed on National Stock Exchange of India and Bombay Stock Exchange. It is an holding company for the subsidiaries conducting diversified financial services businesses of the group. Dr Rashmi Saluja is the executive chairperson of the company.
Angel One Limited, formerly known as Angel Broking Limited, is an Indian stockbroker firm established in 1996. The company is a member of the Bombay Stock Exchange, National Stock Exchange of India, National Commodity & Derivatives Exchange Limited and Multi Commodity Exchange of India Limited. It is a depository participant with Central Depository Services Limited (CDSL).
Metropolitan Stock Exchange of India Limited (MSE) is a stock exchange under the ownership of Ministry of Finance, Government of India. The Exchange was notified of a "recognized stock exchange" under Section 2(39) of the Companies Act, 1956 by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Govt. of India, on December 21, 2012. The exchange's shareholders are some of India's top public sector banks, private sector banks, and domestic financial institutions.
Circular trading is a type of securities fraud that can take place in stock markets, causing price manipulation and often related to pump and dump schemes. Circular trading occurs when identical buy and sell orders are entered at the same time with the same number of shares and the same price. As a result, there is no change in ownership of shares, but there is the appearance of an increased trade volume. Circular trading can be achieved by several parties colluding to achieve the fraudulent outcome. This is not to be confused with wash trading, which is where the same outcome is achieved but occurs through the actions of one investor, rather than a group.
